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Linguistik - Morphologie und Lexikologie

Hier lernen Sie einige englische Wörter im Zusammenhang mit Morphologie und Lexikologie wie "Affix", "Stamm" und "Lexem".

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Words Related to Linguistics

the shortened form of a word, etc.

Abkürzung

Abkürzung

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them .Beim Verfassen eines Berichts stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie jedes **Akronym** beim ersten Gebrauch definieren.
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affixation
[Nomen]

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

Affigierung, Affigierungsprozess

Affigierung, Affigierungsprozess

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affix
[Nomen]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

Affix, Suffix/Präfix

Affix, Suffix/Präfix

Ex: In linguistics , affixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .In der Linguistik spielen **Affixe** eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Wortbildung und Ableitung.
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a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

Kon­trak­ti­on

Kon­trak­ti­on

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .**Kontraktionen** werden oft in informellem Schreiben und Sprechen verwendet.
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prefix
[Nomen]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

Präfix

Präfix

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .Das Wörterbuch lieferte eine Liste von **Präfixen** und ihren Bedeutungen, um bei der Wortbildung und dem Verständnis zu helfen.
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ending
[Nomen]

the last part of a word, added to the main part

Endung, Suffix

Endung, Suffix

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suffix
[Nomen]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

Suffix

Suffix

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed .Die Schüler übten das Hinzufügen verschiedener **Suffixe** zu Stammwörtern, um zu sehen, wie sich ihre Bedeutungen änderten.
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acronym
[Nomen]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

Akronym, Abkürzung

Akronym, Abkürzung

Ex: The company name was created as an acronym from its founders ' initials .Der Firmenname wurde als ein **Akronym** aus den Initialen seiner Gründer gebildet.
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blending
[Nomen]

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

Mischung, Verschmelzung

Mischung, Verschmelzung

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numeronym
[Nomen]

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

Numeronym, numerische Abkürzung

Numeronym, numerische Abkürzung

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a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

gebundenes Morphem, abhängiges Morphem

gebundenes Morphem, abhängiges Morphem

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circumfix
[Nomen]

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

Zirkumfix, Affix Zirkumfix

Zirkumfix, Affix Zirkumfix

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a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

Transfixation, morphologische Einfügung

Transfixation, morphologische Einfügung

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analogy
[Nomen]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

Analogie, Parallelität

Analogie, Parallelität

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .Die Studie der **Analogie** zeigt, wie sich die Sprache an die Bedürfnisse ihrer Sprecher anpasst.
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coinage
[Nomen]

the process of inventing a word

Wortschöpfung, Neologismus

Wortschöpfung, Neologismus

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stem
[Nomen]

the core or base form of a word to which affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc. can be attached

Stamm, Wurzel

Stamm, Wurzel

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root
[Nomen]

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

Wurzel, Basis

Wurzel, Basis

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a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

freies Morphem, unabhängiges Wort

freies Morphem, unabhängiges Wort

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infix
[Nomen]

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word

Infix, eingefügtes gebundenes Morphem

Infix, eingefügtes gebundenes Morphem

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clitic
[Nomen]

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

Klitikon, klitisches Element

Klitikon, klitisches Element

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the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

Wortbildung, lexikalische Ableitung

Wortbildung, lexikalische Ableitung

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lexeme
[Nomen]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

Lexem, grundlegende linguistische Einheit

Lexem, grundlegende linguistische Einheit

Ex: Analyzing lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .Die Analyse von **Lexemen** hilft dabei, Muster der Wortbildung und -verwendung in verschiedenen sprachlichen Kontexten zu identifizieren.
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derivation
[Nomen]

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

Ableitung, Wortbildungsprozess

Ableitung, Wortbildungsprozess

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inflection
[Nomen]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

Flexion, Endung

Flexion, Endung

Ex: Understanding inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .Das Verständnis der **Flexion** ist entscheidend für die Beherrschung stark flektierender Sprachen wie Finnisch.
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a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

Rückbildung, regressive Ableitung

Rückbildung, regressive Ableitung

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a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

Zusammensetzung, Wortbildungsprozess

Zusammensetzung, Wortbildungsprozess

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conversion
[Nomen]

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

Konversion, unechte Ableitung

Konversion, unechte Ableitung

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paradigm
[Nomen]

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

Paradigma, Modell

Paradigma, Modell

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lexicon
[Nomen]

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

Lexikon, Wortschatz

Lexikon, Wortschatz

Ex: Building a diverse lexicon through reading and exposure to different contexts enriches one 's language skills and communication abilities .Der Aufbau eines vielfältigen **Lexikons** durch Lesen und die Auseinandersetzung mit verschiedenen Kontexten bereichert die Sprachkenntnisse und Kommunikationsfähigkeiten einer Person.
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clipping
[Nomen]

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

Kürzung, Abkürzung

Kürzung, Abkürzung

Ex: The process of clipping often retains the original word's meaning and can occur in various parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.Der Prozess des **Clippings** behält oft die ursprüngliche Bedeutung des Wortes und kann in verschiedenen Teilen der Sprache auftreten, wie Nomen, Verben und Adjektiven.
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hypocorism
[Nomen]

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

Hypokoristikum, Kosename

Hypokoristikum, Kosename

Ex: The formation of hypocorisms can involve various linguistic processes such as clipping , adding diminutive suffixes , or phonetic modification .Die Bildung von **Hypokoristika** kann verschiedene linguistische Prozesse wie Kürzen, Hinzufügen von Verkleinerungssuffixen oder phonetische Modifikation umfassen.
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the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

Morphemisierung, Prozess der Morphemisierung

Morphemisierung, Prozess der Morphemisierung

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a linguistic process where affixes attach to a root word, each keeping a distinct meaning and form

Agglutination, Agglutinationsprozess

Agglutination, Agglutinationsprozess

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a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

lexikalisches Morphem, Lexem

lexikalisches Morphem, Lexem

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vocabulary
[Nomen]

all the words used in a particular language or subject

Wortschatz

Wortschatz

Ex: She uses a vocabulary app on her phone to learn new English words.Sie verwendet eine **Vokabeln**-App auf ihrem Handy, um neue englische Wörter zu lernen.
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derivative
[Nomen]

(in linguistics) a word that is developed from another word or base

Ableitung, abgeleitetes Wort

Ableitung, abgeleitetes Wort

Ex: Linguists analyze how derivatives evolve over time .Linguisten analysieren, wie sich **Derivate** im Laufe der Zeit entwickeln.
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base
[Nomen]

(linguistics) the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

Basis, Wurzel

Basis, Wurzel

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a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

Nominalisierung, Substantivierung

Nominalisierung, Substantivierung

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a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

Lexikalisierung, Prozess der Lexikalisierung

Lexikalisierung, Prozess der Lexikalisierung

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diminutive
[Nomen]

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

Diminutiv, Kosewort

Diminutiv, Kosewort

Ex: "Teacup" is a diminutive form of "cup," indicating a smaller version.« **Teacup** » ist eine **Verkleinerungsform** von « cup », die eine kleinere Version bezeichnet.
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a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

Protologismus, neu geschaffenes Wort

Protologismus, neu geschaffenes Wort

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ghost word
[Nomen]

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

Geisterwort, falsches Wort

Geisterwort, falsches Wort

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pseudoword
[Nomen]

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

Pseudowort, Scheinwort

Pseudowort, Scheinwort

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nonce word
[Nomen]

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

Gelegenheitswort, kurzlebiger Neologismus

Gelegenheitswort, kurzlebiger Neologismus

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a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

Hapax Legomenon, ein Wort oder eine Form

Hapax Legomenon, ein Wort oder eine Form

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morph
[Nomen]

the smallest segment of a word's sound or written form that can be directly linked to a specific grammatical or lexical meaning

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morpheme
[Nomen]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

Morphem, kleinste bedeutungstragende Einheit

Morphem, kleinste bedeutungstragende Einheit

Ex: The study of morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .Die Untersuchung von **Morphemen**, bekannt als Morphologie, untersucht, wie diese Einheiten sich kombinieren, um komplexe Wörter zu bilden.
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a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

funktionales Morphem, grammatisches Morphem

funktionales Morphem, grammatisches Morphem

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(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

lexikalische Einheit, lexikalisches Element

lexikalische Einheit, lexikalisches Element

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a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

Kofferwort, Portmanteau-Wort

Kofferwort, Portmanteau-Wort

Ex: The creation of portmanteau words can be playful and creative , as seen in " chillax , " a combination of " chill " and " relax . "Die Schaffung von **Portmanteau-Wörtern** kann verspielt und kreativ sein, wie in "chillax" zu sehen, einer Kombination aus "chill" und "relax".
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lexis
[Nomen]

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

Lexik, Wortschatz

Lexik, Wortschatz

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word
[Nomen]

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

Wort

Wort

Ex: Understanding every word in a sentence helps with comprehension .Jedes **Wort** in einem Satz zu verstehen hilft beim Verständnis.
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a particular combination of words that are used together very often

Kollokation, Wortkombination

Kollokation, Wortkombination

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of each collocation.Der Lehrer erklärte die Bedeutung jeder **Kollokation**.
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idiom
[Nomen]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

Redewendung, idiomatischer Ausdruck

Redewendung, idiomatischer Ausdruck

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .Das **Idiom** 'piece of cake' bezieht sich auf etwas, das sehr einfach zu tun ist und nichts mit einem tatsächlichen Stück Dessert zu tun hat.
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a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

lexikalische Ambiguität, Mehrdeutigkeit

lexikalische Ambiguität, Mehrdeutigkeit

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the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

Reduplikation, Verdoppelung

Reduplikation, Verdoppelung

Ex: Reduplication can serve various functions across languages , including emphasis , diminishment , or the creation of onomatopoeic expressions .**Reduplikation** kann in verschiedenen Sprachen unterschiedliche Funktionen erfüllen, einschließlich Betonung, Verkleinerung oder der Schaffung lautmalerischer Ausdrücke.
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blocking
[Nomen]

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

Blockierung, Verhinderung

Blockierung, Verhinderung

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a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

lexikalische Regel, lexikalisches Prinzip

lexikalische Regel, lexikalisches Prinzip

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sniglet
[Nomen]

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

Sniglet, spielerisch erfundenes Wort

Sniglet, spielerisch erfundenes Wort

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the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

phonosemantische Übereinstimmung, phonosemantische Zuordnung

phonosemantische Übereinstimmung, phonosemantische Zuordnung

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