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لسانیات - مورفولوجی اور لغتیات

یہاں آپ مورفولوجی اور لغت سے متعلق انگریزی کے کچھ الفاظ سیکھیں گے جیسے "affix"، "stem"، اور "lexeme"۔

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Words Related to Linguistics
abbreviation

the shortened form of a word, etc.

کسی لفظ یا فقرے کی مختصر شکل

کسی لفظ یا فقرے کی مختصر شکل

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affixation

a process in morphology where affixes, which are bound morphemes, are attached to a base or root morpheme to create new words or modify the meaning or grammatical function of existing words

لگانا

لگانا

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affix

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

لگانا

لگانا

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contraction

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

اینٹهن

اینٹهن

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prefix

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

سابقه

سابقه

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ending

the last part of a word, added to the main part

ختم ہونے والا

ختم ہونے والا

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suffix

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

لاحقہ

لاحقہ

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acronym

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

مخفف

مخفف

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blending

a process in language where two or more words are combined to create a new word that retains elements or sounds from the original words

ملاوٹ

ملاوٹ

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numeronym

a type of abbreviation in which a word or phrase is represented by a series of numbers, with the numbers typically corresponding to the number of letters omitted between the first and last letter of the word or phrase

عدد

عدد

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bound morpheme

a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word and must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning

پابند مورفیم

پابند مورفیم

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circumfix

a type of affix that consists of two parts, one attached to the beginning of a word and the other attached to the end

سرکفکس

سرکفکس

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transfixation

a morphological process in which a segment or a group of segments is inserted within a word, typically resulting in a change of the word's meaning or grammatical category

منتقلی

منتقلی

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analogy

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

تشبیہ

تشبیہ

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coinage

the process of inventing a word

سکے

سکے

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stem

the core or base form of a word to which affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc.) can be attached

ڈنڈی

ڈنڈی

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root

the core lexical unit from which words are derived and carries the central meaning of a word

جڑ

جڑ

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free morpheme

a morpheme that can function as an independent word in a language

مفت مورفیم

مفت مورفیم

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infix

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted within a word, rather than being added as a prefix (before) or a suffix (after)

infix

infix

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clitic

a linguistic element that functions as a word but behaves phonologically or syntactically as a bound morpheme, often attaching to other words and lacking independent stress or full syntactic independence

clitic

clitic

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word formation

the process of creating new words or modifying existing ones through morphological and lexical mechanisms in a language

الفاظ بنانا

الفاظ بنانا

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lexeme

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

زبان میں معنی کی بنیادی اکائی

زبان میں معنی کی بنیادی اکائی

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derivation

a morphological process in language where new words are formed by adding affixes or making internal modifications to a base or root word, resulting in a change in meaning, part of speech, or both

اخذ

اخذ

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inflection

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

موڑ

موڑ

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back-formation

a word-formation process in which a new word is created by removing what is mistakenly perceived as a derivative affix from an existing word, often resulting in a shorter word with a different part of speech

پیچھے کی تشکیل

پیچھے کی تشکیل

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compounding

a word-formation process in which two or more individual words are combined to create a new word, typically resulting in a compound with a meaning that is related to or derived from the meanings of the individual words

مرکب

مرکب

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conversion

a word-formation process in which a word changes its grammatical category or part of speech without any accompanying morphological changes, such as when a noun becomes a verb or a verb becomes a noun

تبدیلی

تبدیلی

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paradigm

a systematic arrangement of inflected forms or word forms that represent the different grammatical variations of a word or morpheme

نمونہ

نمونہ

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lexicon

the complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses

وہ الفاظ یا جملے جو ایک اسپیکر استعمال کرتا ہے۔

وہ الفاظ یا جملے جو ایک اسپیکر استعمال کرتا ہے۔

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clipping

the process of shortening a word by dropping one or more syllables

اختصار (لسانیات)

اختصار (لسانیات)

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hypocorism

a word-formation process in which a word or name is modified to create a shorter, affectionate, or informal version, often used to express familiarity, endearment, or intimacy

جب ایک لفظ بدل کر دوسرا لفظ بنایا جاتا ہے۔

جب ایک لفظ بدل کر دوسرا لفظ بنایا جاتا ہے۔

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morphemization

the process of creating or treating a group of phonological segments as a distinct morpheme, which carries meaning and can be combined with other morphemes to form words

مورفیمائزیشن

مورفیمائزیشن

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agglutination

a morphological process in language where affixes are added to a root or base word in a clear, one-to-one fashion, each affix typically expressing a single grammatical or semantic meaning, resulting in a string of affixes attached to the root without any change in the affixes themselves

جمع

جمع

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lexical morpheme

a type of morpheme that carries the core lexical or semantic meaning of a word

لغوی مورفیم

لغوی مورفیم

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vocabulary

all the words used in a particular language or subject

لغت

لغت

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derivative

(in literature) a word that is developed from another word or base

مشتق (ادب)

مشتق (ادب)

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base

the form to which affixes or other morphological operations are added to create a new word

بنیاد

بنیاد

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nominalization

a process in language where a word or phrase, typically a verb or an adjective, is transformed into a noun, either by adding a suffix or by changing its syntactic function, allowing the expression of concepts or actions as nominal entities

نامزدگی

نامزدگی

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lexicalization

a process in which a word or phrase evolves from being a combination of grammatical elements or a non-lexicalized expression to becoming an established lexical unit with its own meaning and usage

لغویات

لغویات

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diminutive

a word form or affix that is added to a base word to express smallness, endearment, or a sense of familiarity

کم

کم

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protologism

a newly created word or expression that has not yet gained widespread acceptance or recognition within a language community

پروٹولوجیزم

پروٹولوجیزم

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ghost word

a non-existent or erroneous word that has been mistakenly created and entered into a dictionary or other linguistic sources

بھوت لفظ

بھوت لفظ

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pseudoword

a string of letters or sounds that resemble real words but do not have any actual meaning or lexical representation in a particular language

چھدم لفظ

چھدم لفظ

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nonce word

a term or expression created and used for a specific occasion or context, typically with a limited or one-time purpose, and not intended for long-term or widespread usage

غیر لفظ

غیر لفظ

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hapax legomenon

a word or form that appears only once within a specific corpus or body of text

hapax legomenon

hapax legomenon

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morph

the smallest meaningful unit of language that carries a distinct semantic or grammatical function and cannot be further divided into smaller parts with independent meaning

شکل

شکل

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morpheme

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

مورفیم (لسانیات)

مورفیم (لسانیات)

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functional morpheme

a type of morpheme that conveys grammatical information and serves a functional role in a sentence, rather than carrying lexical or content-related meaning

فنکشنل مورفیم

فنکشنل مورفیم

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lexical unit

(linguistics) a word, a group of words or a part of word that has a meaning and forms the basic element of any language

لغوی یونٹ

لغوی یونٹ

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portmanteau word

a new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds

[اسم]
lexis

(linguistics) all the words and phrases of a language, including the function words

لیکس

لیکس

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word

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

لفظ

لفظ

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collocation

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

الفاظ جو اکثر ایک ساتھ ظاہر ہوتے ہیں۔

الفاظ جو اکثر ایک ساتھ ظاہر ہوتے ہیں۔

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idiom

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

استلح

استلح

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lexical ambiguity

a situation in which a word or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often leading to confusion or uncertainty in understanding the intended message or context

لغوی ابہام

لغوی ابہام

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reduplication

the process of duplicating all or part of a word or morpheme to create a new form, often with a change in meaning or grammatical function

دوہری کاری (لسانیات)

دوہری کاری (لسانیات)

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blocking

a phenomenon where the presence of one linguistic form prevents the occurrence or acceptance of another form with a similar meaning or function

مسدود کرنا

مسدود کرنا

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lexical rule

a set of principles or patterns that govern the formation or derivation of words and their meanings within a particular language or lexical system

لغوی اصول

لغوی اصول

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sniglet

a playful, made-up word used to describe something for which there is no existing term, often adding humor and creativity to language

sniglet

sniglet

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phono-semantic matching

the process in which a new word or morpheme is created by combining a sound component that resembles an existing word with a semantic component that reflects its meaning

فونو سیمنٹک ملاپ

فونو سیمنٹک ملاپ

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