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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Política

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre política, como "summit", "wing", "senate", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
regime
regime
[Sustantivo]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

régimen

régimen

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 

El anterior régimen era conocido por sus violaciones de los derechos humanos.

ambassador
ambassador
[Sustantivo]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

embajador

embajador

Ex: The ambassador met with the foreign minister to discuss trade agreements and international cooperation. 

El embajador se reunió con el ministro de relaciones exteriores para discutir acuerdos comerciales y cooperación internacional.

embassy
embassy
[Sustantivo]

the ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country

embajada

embajada

Ex: Several members of the embassy were recalled after the negotiations failed. 

Varios miembros de la embajada fueron retirados después de que fracasaran las negociaciones.

summit
summit
[Sustantivo]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

cumbre

cumbre

Ex: She prepared extensively for the international summit. 

Se preparó extensamente para la cumbre internacional.

wing
wing
[Sustantivo]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

ala

ala

Ex: The moderate wing of the coalition sought bipartisan solutions to healthcare reform. 

El ala moderada de la coalición buscó soluciones bipartidistas para la reforma de la salud.

spokesperson
spokesperson
[Sustantivo]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

portavoz, vocero

portavoz, vocero

Ex: The spokesperson clarified the organization's stance on the proposed policy changes. 

El portavoz aclaró la postura de la organización sobre los cambios de política propuestos.

bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[Sustantivo]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

burocracia

burocracia

Ex: Bureaucracy involves a hierarchy of non-elected officials managing various government responsibilities. 

La burocracia implica una jerarquía de funcionarios no electos que gestionan diversas responsabilidades gubernamentales.

democracy
democracy
[Sustantivo]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

democracia

democracia

Ex: One of the pillars of a democracy is the right to vote. 

Uno de los pilares de la democracia es el derecho a votar.

democratic
democratic
[Adjetivo]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

democrático

democrático

Ex: His democratic ideals prioritize inclusivity, equality, and respect for diverse perspectives. 

Sus ideales democráticos priorizan la inclusividad, la igualdad y el respeto por diversas perspectivas.

democrat
democrat
[Sustantivo]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demócrata

demócrata

Ex: Many Democrats prioritize environmental protection and advocate for policies to combat climate change. 

Los demócratas priorizan la protección ambiental y abogan por políticas para combatir el cambio climático.

Congress
Congress
[Sustantivo]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

congreso

congreso

Ex: Congress debated the proposed budget for weeks. 

El Congreso debatió el presupuesto propuesto durante semanas.

parliament
parliament
[Sustantivo]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

parlamento

parlamento

Ex: The prime minister addressed parliament on the country's economic challenges. 

El primer ministro se dirigió al parlamento sobre los desafíos económicos del país.

Senate
Senate
[Sustantivo]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

Senado

Senado

Ex: The Senate passed legislation on healthcare reform. 

El Senado aprobó una legislación sobre la reforma sanitaria.

senator
senator
[Sustantivo]

a person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature

senador

senador

Ex: The senator attended a committee meeting in the Senate. 

El senador asistió a una reunión de comité en el Senado.

cabinet
cabinet
[Sustantivo]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

gabinete, consejo de ministros

gabinete, consejo de ministros

Ex: The cabinet members deliberated for hours before reaching a consensus on the proposed healthcare reforms. 

Los miembros del gabinete deliberaron durante horas antes de llegar a un consenso sobre las reformas propuestas en el sector de la salud.

slogan
slogan
[Sustantivo]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

eslogan

eslogan

Ex: The marketing team spent weeks brainstorming the perfect slogan to capture the essence of their new product. 

El equipo de marketing pasó semanas haciendo lluvia de ideas para el eslogan perfecto que capturara la esencia de su nuevo producto.

campaign
campaign
[Sustantivo]

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

campaña

campaña

Ex: The anti-smoking campaign used shocking ads to discourage teens from vaping. 

La campaña antitabaco utilizó anuncios impactantes para disuadir a los adolescentes de vapear.

conservative
conservative
[Sustantivo]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

conservador

conservador

Ex: The conservative leader outlined the party's economic policies in a televised debate. 

El líder conservador delineó las políticas económicas del partido en un debate televisado.

dictatorship
dictatorship
[Sustantivo]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

dictadura

dictadura

Ex: The people lived in fear under the dictatorship's strict laws. 

La gente vivía con miedo bajo las estrictas leyes de la dictadura.

dictator
dictator
[Sustantivo]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dictador, déspota

dictador, déspota

Ex: Many people fled the country to escape the oppressive rule of the dictator. 

Mucha gente huyó del país para escapar del gobierno opresivo del dictador.

council
council
[Sustantivo]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

concejo municipal

concejo municipal

Ex: The council members debated the housing plan. 

Los miembros del consejo debatieron el plan de vivienda.

poll
poll
[Sustantivo]

the act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs

encuesta

encuesta

Ex: Election officials supervised the polling process carefully. 

Los funcionarios electorales supervisaron cuidadosamente el proceso de votación.

diplomacy
diplomacy
[Sustantivo]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomacia

diplomacia

Ex: Effective diplomacy requires patience, cultural understanding, and compromise. 

La diplomacia efectiva requiere paciencia, comprensión cultural y compromiso.

diplomat
diplomat
[Sustantivo]

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

diplomático

diplomático

Ex: Diplomats from various countries gathered at the United Nations to address global security issues. 

Diplomáticos de varios países se reunieron en las Naciones Unidas para abordar problemas de seguridad global.

federal
federal
[Adjetivo]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federal

federal

Ex: The country's federal structure divides powers between the national government and its states or provinces. 

La estructura federal del país divide los poderes entre el gobierno nacional y sus estados o provincias.

republic
republic
[Sustantivo]

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

republicano

republicano

Ex: The republic's constitution outlines the framework for democratic governance. 

La constitución de la república describe el marco para la gobernanza democrática.

Republican
Republican
[Sustantivo]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republicano

republicano

extremism
extremism
[Sustantivo]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

extremismo

extremismo

Ex: Extremism often feeds on economic instability and social discontent, making it a complex issue to address. 

El extremismo a menudo se alimenta de la inestabilidad económica y el descontento social, lo que lo convierte en un problema complejo de abordar.

radical
radical
[Sustantivo]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

radical

radical

Ex: She was known as a radical in her political party. 

Era conocida como una radical en su partido político.

free trade
free trade
[Sustantivo]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

libre comercio

libre comercio

Ex: Critics of free trade worry that it could lead to job losses in certain industries that struggle to compete with cheaper imports. 

Los críticos del libre comercio temen que pueda llevar a la pérdida de empleos en ciertas industrias que luchan por competir con importaciones más baratas.

governor
governor
[Sustantivo]

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

gobernador

gobernador

Ex: The governor visited schools to discuss education reforms. 

El gobernador visitó escuelas para discutir las reformas educativas.

liberal
liberal
[Adjetivo]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

liberal

liberal

Ex: The liberal approach to economics favors government regulation to address market failures and promote income equality. 

El enfoque liberal de la economía favorece la regulación gubernamental para abordar las fallas del mercado y promover la igualdad de ingresos.

independence
independence
[Sustantivo]

the state of being free from the control of others

independencia

independencia

Ex: She valued her independence and preferred to make decisions on her own. 

Ella valoraba su independencia y prefería tomar decisiones por su cuenta.

monarchy
monarchy
[Sustantivo]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarquía

monarquía

Ex: The citizens celebrated the anniversary of their monarchy with a grand parade. 

Los ciudadanos celebraron el aniversario de su monarquía con un gran desfile.

propaganda
propaganda
[Sustantivo]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The documentary exposed how propaganda was used to manipulate public opinion. 

El documental expuso cómo se utilizó la propaganda para manipular la opinión pública.

anarchy
anarchy
[Sustantivo]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

anarquía

anarquía

Ex: The collapse of the central authority led to widespread anarchy in the region. 

El colapso de la autoridad central llevó a una anarquía generalizada en la región.

opposition
opposition
[Sustantivo]

the main political party opposed to the government

oposición

oposición

Ex: In parliament, the opposition presented an alternative budget proposal. 

En el parlamento, la oposición presentó una propuesta presupuestaria alternativa.

revolution
revolution
[Sustantivo]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

revolución

revolución

Ex: The revolution was sparked by widespread discontent with the oppressive regime. 

La revolución fue provocada por un descontento generalizado con el régimen opresivo.

to reform
to reform
[Verbo]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

reformarse

reformarse

Ex: The organization plans to reform its fundraising strategies to increase revenue and support its mission. 

La organización planea reformar sus estrategias de recaudación de fondos para aumentar los ingresos y apoyar su misión.

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