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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Politics

Zde se dozvíte pár anglických slovíček o politice, jako je „summit“, „wing“, „senate“ atd., které jsou potřeba ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
regime
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

režim, vláda

režim, vláda

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media.
ambassador
[Podstatné jméno]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

velvyslanec, ambasador

velvyslanec, ambasador

Ex: The newly ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .
embassy
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people who officially represent their government in another country

velvyslanectví, diplomatická mise

velvyslanectví, diplomatická mise

summit
[Podstatné jméno]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

summit, vrcholná schůzka

summit, vrcholná schůzka

wing
[Podstatné jméno]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

křídlo, frakce

křídlo, frakce

Ex: The wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .
spokesperson
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

mluvčí, zástupce mluvčího

mluvčí, zástupce mluvčího

Ex: spokesperson denied any involvement of the company in the allegations .
bureaucracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

byrokracie, úřednický systém

byrokracie, úřednický systém

Ex: The manager found bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .
democracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokracie, demokratický systém

demokracie, demokratický systém

Ex: In democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .
democratic
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

demokratický, demokratizující

demokratický, demokratizující

Ex: democratic system fosters civic engagement and encourages active participation in public affairs .
democrat
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokrat, demokratka

demokrat, demokratka

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
congress
[Podstatné jméno]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

kongres, sněmovna

kongres, sněmovna

parliament
[Podstatné jméno]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

parlament, sněmovna

parlament, sněmovna

Ex: The opposition party criticized the government 's policies during parliament meeting .
senate
[Podstatné jméno]

a legislative or governing body, usually the smaller and more influential chamber in a bicameral system, with the authority to create, revise, or approve laws and policies

senát, senátní komora

senát, senátní komora

Ex: Bills must pass through the Senate before becoming law.
senator
[Podstatné jméno]

one of the members of Senate

senátor, člen senátu

senátor, člen senátu

cabinet
[Podstatné jméno]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

vládní kabinet, kabinet ministrů

vládní kabinet, kabinet ministrů

Ex: cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .
slogan
[Podstatné jméno]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

slogan, heslo

slogan, heslo

Ex: The environmental groupslogan " Save the Earth , One Step at a Time " resonated deeply with the public during their campaign .
campaign
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

kampaň, volební kampaň

kampaň, volební kampaň

conservative
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konzervativec, konservativní člověk

konzervativec, konservativní člověk

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.
dictatorship
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

dictatura, vláda jedné strany

dictatura, vláda jedné strany

Ex: Many countries fought dictatorship in the 20th century .
dictator
[Podstatné jméno]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

diktátor, vůdce

diktátor, vůdce

Ex: After years of suffering under dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
council
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

zastupitelstvo, rád

zastupitelstvo, rád

Ex: council proposed new environmental regulations .
poll
[Podstatné jméno]

(plural) the process of casting or counting votes; the place in which votes are counted or casted

voliště, anketa

voliště, anketa

diplomacy
[Podstatné jméno]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomacie, diplomatické jednání

diplomacie, diplomatické jednání

diplomat
[Podstatné jméno]

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

diplomat, diplomatik

diplomat, diplomatik

Ex: diplomat participated in cultural exchanges to promote mutual understanding between nations .
federal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federální, federativní

federální, federativní

Ex: federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
republic
[Podstatné jméno]

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

republika, republikánský systém

republika, republikánský systém

Ex: republic celebrated its independence day with a grand parade .
Republican
[Podstatné jméno]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republican, republicán

republican, republicán

extremism
[Podstatné jméno]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

extrémismus, extremismus

extrémismus, extremismus

Ex: Efforts to extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .
radical
[Podstatné jméno]

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

radikál, radikální osoba

radikál, radikální osoba

free trade
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

svobodný obchod, volný obchod

svobodný obchod, volný obchod

Ex: Negotiations for a free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .
governor
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is in charge of a region or town

guvernér, hejtman

guvernér, hejtman

liberal
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

liberální, pokrokářský

liberální, pokrokářský

Ex: Critics argue liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .
independence
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of being free from the control of others

nezávislost, svoboda

nezávislost, svoboda

Ex: Many people strive independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .
monarchy
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchie, království

monarchie, království

Ex: In a monarchy, the king or queen 's powers are limited by law .
propaganda
[Podstatné jméno]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda, propagandistické informace

propaganda, propagandistické informace

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
anarchy
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

anarchie, bezvládí

anarchie, bezvládí

Ex: The sudden resignation of all leaders anarchy within the organization .
opposition
[Podstatné jméno]

the main political party opposed to the government

opoziční strana, opozice

opoziční strana, opozice

Ex: opposition accused the government of suppressing free speech and dissent .
revolution
[Podstatné jméno]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

revoluce, převrat

revoluce, převrat

Ex: revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation .
to reform
[sloveso]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

reformovat, zkvalitnit

reformovat, zkvalitnit

Ex: The school board is reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .
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