واژگان ضروری برای TOEFL - Politics

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

حکومت, رژیم

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

سفیر

a group of people who officially represent their government in another country

کارمندان سفارت, اعضای سفارت

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

نشست

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

جناح

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

سخنگو

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

دیوان‌سالاری, بوروکراسی

a system of government based on the vote of the public who choose their representatives periodically by free election

دموکراسی, مردم‌سالاری، حکومت مردمی

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

دموکراتیک

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

عضو حزب دموکرات, دموکرات

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

کنگره ایالات متحده آمریکا

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

مجلس, پارلمان

a legislative or governing body, usually the smaller and more influential chamber in a bicameral system, with the authority to create, revise, or approve laws and policies

مجلس سنا

one of the members of Senate

سناتور

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

کابینه, هیئت‌دولت

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

شعار

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

کارزار (سیاسی)

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

عضو حزب محافظه‌کار, اصول‌گرا

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

حکومت استبدادی, نظام دیکتاتوری

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

دیکتاتور

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

شورا, انجمن

(plural) the process of casting or counting votes; the place in which votes are counted or casted

رأی‌گیری, محل‌ اخذ یا شمارش رأی

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

دیپلماسی

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

دیپلمات, سیاست‌مدار

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

فدرال

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

جمهوری‌

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

عضو حزب جمهوری‌خواه

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

افراط‌گرایی

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

فرد افراطی

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

تجارت آزاد

someone who is in charge of a region or town

فرماندار, حاکم

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

لیبرال

the state of being free from the control of others

استقلال

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

پادشاهی, سلطنت

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

پروپاگاندا, عوام‌فریبی

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

هرج‌ومرج, بی‌قانونی

the main political party opposed to the government

اپوزیسیون, حزب مخالف (سیاست)

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

انقلاب

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

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