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Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Политика

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о политике, такие как "саммит", "крыло", "сенат" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
regime
regime
[существительное]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

режим, власть

режим, власть

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 
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ambassador
ambassador
[существительное]

a senior diplomatic official who represents their country in another country or at an international organization

посол

посол

Ex: She served as ambassador to France for four years. 
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embassy
embassy
[существительное]

the ambassador and other officials who officially represent a country in another country

посольство

посольство

Ex: The embassy issued a statement about the new travel restrictions. 
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summit
summit
[существительное]

a formal meeting between leaders of governments or other high-ranking officials

саммит, встреча на высшем уровне

саммит, встреча на высшем уровне

Ex: Several world leaders attended the economic summit. 
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wing
wing
[существительное]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

крыло

крыло

Ex: The party's moderate wing supported a compromise. 
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spokesperson
spokesperson
[существительное]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

пресс-секретарь

пресс-секретарь

Ex: The spokesperson for the company issued a statement addressing the recent controversy. 

Представитель компании выпустил заявление, касающееся недавнего скандала.

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bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[существительное]

a system of government in which administration is carried out by appointed officials

бюрократия

бюрократия

Ex: The country developed a centralized bureaucracy to administer its growing territory. 
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democracy
democracy
[существительное]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

демократия

демократия

Ex: Democracy allows citizens to choose their representatives through elections. 
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democratic
democratic
[прилагательное]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

демократичный

демократичный

Ex: The democratic process allows citizens to participate in decision-making through voting. 

Демократический процесс позволяет гражданам участвовать в принятии решений через голосование.

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Democrat
Democrat
[существительное]

a member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States

демократ

демократ

Ex: She has been a Democrat for most of her adult life. 
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Congress
Congress
[существительное]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

конгресс

конгресс

Ex: Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. 
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parliament
parliament
[существительное]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

парламент

парламент

Ex: Parliament met to discuss the proposed law. 
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Senate
Senate
[существительное]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress

сенат

сенат

Ex: The Senate considered the bill after it passed the House. 
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senator
senator
[существительное]

a person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature

сенатор

сенатор

Ex: The senator spoke about new healthcare legislation. 

Сенатор говорил о новом законодательстве в области здравоохранения.

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cabinet
cabinet
[существительное]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

кабинет

кабинет

Ex: The cabinet met to discuss the proposed policy. 
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slogan
slogan
[существительное]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

лозунг

лозунг

Ex: The company's slogan "Just Do It" became synonymous with their brand, inspiring millions of athletes worldwide. 

Слоган компании "Just Do It" стал синонимом их бренда, вдохновляя миллионы спортсменов по всему миру.

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campaign
campaign
[существительное]

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

кампания

кампания

Ex: The candidate launched her campaign with a speech to supporters. 
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conservative
conservative
[существительное]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

консерватор

консерватор

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
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dictatorship
dictatorship
[существительное]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

диктатура

диктатура

Ex: Under the dictatorship, citizens had no freedom of speech or assembly. 

При диктатуре у граждан не было свободы слова или собраний.

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dictator
dictator
[существительное]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

диктатор

диктатор

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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council
council
[существительное]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

Городской совет

Городской совет

Ex: The council approved the new housing plan. 
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poll
poll
[существительное]

the act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs

опрос

опрос

Ex: Volunteers assisted voters at the polling station. 
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diplomacy
diplomacy
[существительное]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

дипломатия

дипломатия

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 

Дипломатия помогла предотвратить войну между двумя нациями.

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diplomat
diplomat
[существительное]

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

дипломат

дипломат

Ex: The diplomat negotiated a trade agreement between two neighboring countries. 

Дипломат договорился о торговом соглашении между двумя соседними странами.

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federal
federal
[прилагательное]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

федеральный

федеральный

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 

Федеральные законы применяются единообразно на всей территории страны.

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republic
republic
[существительное]

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

республика

республика

Ex: The nation declared itself a republic after the monarchy ended. 
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Republican
Republican
[существительное]

a member or supporter of the Republican Party in the United States

республиканец

республиканец

Ex: She has been a Republican for many years. 
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extremism
extremism
[существительное]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

экстремизм

экстремизм

Ex: The rise of political extremism in the region has led to increased tensions and conflicts among communities. 

Рост политического экстремизма в регионе привел к усилению напряженности и конфликтов среди сообществ.

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radical
radical
[существительное]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

радикальный

радикальный

Ex: He was regarded as a radical because of his unconventional political views. 
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free trade
free trade
[существительное]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

свободная торговля

свободная торговля

Ex: Many economists argue that free trade agreements promote economic growth by reducing barriers to international commerce. 
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governor
governor
[существительное]

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

губернатор

губернатор

Ex: The governor announced a new education plan. 
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liberal
liberal
[прилагательное]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

либеральный

либеральный

Ex: The course examines liberal ideas about individual rights and social welfare. 
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independence
independence
[существительное]

the state of being free from the control of others

независимость

независимость

Ex: The country declared its independence from colonial rule. 
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monarchy
monarchy
[существительное]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

монархия

монархия

Ex: The monarchy has existed in the country for centuries, with the king serving as the head of state. 

Монархия существует в стране веками, король служит главой государства.

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propaganda
propaganda
[существительное]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

пропаганда

пропаганда

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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anarchy
anarchy
[существительное]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

анархия

анархия

Ex: The country descended into anarchy after the government was overthrown. 

Страна погрузилась в анархию после свержения правительства.

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opposition
opposition
[существительное]

the main political party opposed to the government

оппозиция

оппозиция

Ex: The opposition questioned several parts of the proposed legislation. 
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revolution
revolution
[существительное]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

революция

революция

Ex: The revolution forced the ruler to leave the country. 
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to reform
to reform
[глагол]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

реформировать

реформировать

Ex: The government aims to reform the education system. 
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