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Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Политика

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о политике, такие как "саммит", "крыло", "сенат" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
regime
regime
[существительное]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

режим, власть

режим, власть

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 
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ambassador
ambassador
[существительное]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

посол

посол

Ex: The ambassador hosted a reception at the embassy to strengthen diplomatic relations between the two nations. 
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embassy
embassy
[существительное]

the ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country

посольство

посольство

Ex: The embassy attended the peace conference as official representatives of their nation. 
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summit
summit
[существительное]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

саммит, встреча на высшем уровне

саммит, встреча на высшем уровне

Ex: The leaders attended a climate summit in Geneva. 
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wing
wing
[существительное]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

крыло

крыло

Ex: The conservative wing of the party pushed for tax cuts and deregulation. 
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spokesperson
spokesperson
[существительное]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

пресс-секретарь

пресс-секретарь

Ex: The spokesperson for the company issued a statement addressing the recent controversy. 
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bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[существительное]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

бюрократия

бюрократия

Ex: Within a bureaucracy, officials are employed based on expertise rather than being chosen through popular votes. 
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democracy
democracy
[существительное]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

демократия

демократия

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
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democratic
democratic
[прилагательное]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

демократичный

демократичный

Ex: The democratic process allows citizens to participate in decision-making through voting. 
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democrat
democrat
[существительное]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

демократ

демократ

Ex: As a Democrat, she believes in expanding access to healthcare for all citizens through government programs. 
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Congress
Congress
[существительное]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

конгресс

конгресс

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 
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parliament
parliament
[существительное]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

парламент

парламент

Ex: The parliament convened to debate the proposed healthcare reform bill. 
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Senate
Senate
[существительное]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

сенат

сенат

Ex: The Senate confirmed the new Supreme Court justice. 
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senator
senator
[существительное]

a person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature

сенатор

сенатор

Ex: The senator spoke about new healthcare legislation. 
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cabinet
cabinet
[существительное]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

кабинет

кабинет

Ex: The Prime Minister announced changes to the cabinet, appointing new ministers to key portfolios. 
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slogan
slogan
[существительное]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

лозунг

лозунг

Ex: The company's slogan "Just Do It" became synonymous with their brand, inspiring millions of athletes worldwide. 
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campaign
campaign
[существительное]

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

кампания

кампания

Ex: The presidential campaign included speeches in all 50 states. 
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conservative
conservative
[существительное]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

консерватор

консерватор

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
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dictatorship
dictatorship
[существительное]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

диктатура

диктатура

Ex: Under the dictatorship, citizens had no freedom of speech or assembly. 
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dictator
dictator
[существительное]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

диктатор

диктатор

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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council
council
[существительное]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

Городской совет

Городской совет

Ex: She was elected to serve on the local council. 
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poll
poll
[существительное]

the act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs

опрос

опрос

Ex: Turnout at the polls was higher than expected. 
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diplomacy
diplomacy
[существительное]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

дипломатия

дипломатия

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 
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diplomat
diplomat
[существительное]

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

дипломат

дипломат

Ex: The diplomat negotiated a trade agreement between two neighboring countries. 
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federal
federal
[прилагательное]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

федеральный

федеральный

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
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republic
republic
[существительное]

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

республика

республика

Ex: The nation declared itself a republic after overthrowing the monarchy. 
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Republican
Republican
[существительное]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

республиканец

республиканец

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extremism
extremism
[существительное]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

экстремизм

экстремизм

Ex: The rise of political extremism in the region has led to increased tensions and conflicts among communities. 
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radical
radical
[существительное]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

радикальный

радикальный

Ex: The radical spoke passionately at the town hall. 
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free trade
free trade
[существительное]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

свободная торговля

свободная торговля

Ex: Many economists argue that free trade agreements promote economic growth by reducing barriers to international commerce. 
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governor
governor
[существительное]

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

губернатор

губернатор

Ex: The governor signed a new law for the state. 
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liberal
liberal
[прилагательное]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

либеральный

либеральный

Ex: His liberal views prioritize tolerance, diversity, and progressive social change. 
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independence
independence
[существительное]

the state of being free from the control of others

независимость

независимость

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
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monarchy
monarchy
[существительное]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

монархия

монархия

Ex: The monarchy has existed in the country for centuries, with the king serving as the head of state. 
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propaganda
propaganda
[существительное]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

пропаганда

пропаганда

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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anarchy
anarchy
[существительное]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

анархия

анархия

Ex: The country descended into anarchy after the government was overthrown. 
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opposition
opposition
[существительное]

the main political party opposed to the government

оппозиция

оппозиция

Ex: The opposition criticized the government's handling of the economic crisis. 
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revolution
revolution
[существительное]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

революция

революция

Ex: The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. 
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to reform
to reform
[глагол]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

реформировать

реформировать

Ex: The government aims to reform the education system to ensure equal access to quality education for all students. 
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