Vocabolario Essenziale per il TOEFL - Politica

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulla politica, come "vertice", "ala", "senato", ecc., che sono necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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regime

[sostantivo]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

regime

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media.Il **regime** autoritario ha imposto una stretta censura ai media.

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ambassador

[sostantivo]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

ambasciatore

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .Il neo nominato **ambasciatore** dovrebbe arrivare nella capitale straniera il prossimo mese per assumere le sue funzioni.

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embassy

[sostantivo]

a group of people who officially represent their government in another country

ambasciata

Ex: The embassy arranged transportation for the visiting minister .

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summit

[sostantivo]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

al vertice

Ex: Delegates from fifty countries attended the summit.

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wing

[sostantivo]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

ala

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .L'**ala** estremista del movimento ha sostenuto cambiamenti radicali nelle leggi sull'immigrazione e la sicurezza delle frontiere.

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spokesperson

[sostantivo]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

portavoce

Ex: The spokesperson denied any involvement of the company in the allegations .Il **portavoce** ha negato qualsiasi coinvolgimento dell'azienda nelle accuse.

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bureaucracy

[sostantivo]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

burocrazia

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .Il manager ha trovato che la **burocrazia** fosse un grande ostacolo.

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democracy

[sostantivo]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

democrazia

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .In una **democrazia**, il potere giudiziario è indipendente dai rami esecutivo e legislativo.

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democratic

[aggettivo]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

democratico

Ex: The democratic system fosters civic engagement and encourages active participation in public affairs .Il sistema **democratico** favorisce l'impegno civico e incoraggia la partecipazione attiva negli affari pubblici.

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democrat

[sostantivo]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

democratico

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.Nelle recenti elezioni, i **democratici** si sono concentrati su questioni come l'istruzione accessibile e la riforma della giustizia penale.

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congress

[sostantivo]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

congresso

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress.

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parliament

[sostantivo]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

parlamento

Ex: The opposition party criticized the government 's policies during the parliament meeting .Il partito di opposizione ha criticato le politiche del governo durante la riunione del **parlamento**.

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senate

[sostantivo]

a legislative or governing body, usually the smaller and more influential chamber in a bicameral system, with the authority to create, revise, or approve laws and policies

senato

Ex: The Senate Committee held hearings on the issue.

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senator

[sostantivo]

one of the members of Senate

senatore

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cabinet

[sostantivo]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

Gabinetto

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .Il rimpasto del **gabinetto** mirava a portare nuove prospettive e competenze per affrontare i pressanti problemi di welfare sociale.

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slogan

[sostantivo]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

slogan

Ex: The environmental group 's slogan " Save the Earth , One Step at a Time " resonated deeply with the public during their campaign .Lo slogan del gruppo ambientalista « Salva la Terra, un passo alla volta » ha risuonato profondamente con il pubblico durante la loro campagna.

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campaign

[sostantivo]

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

campagna

Ex: The army launched a campaign to retake the occupied territory .L'esercito ha lanciato **una campagna** per riconquistare il territorio occupato.

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conservative

[sostantivo]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

conservatore

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.Molti deputati **conservatori** hanno espresso le loro preoccupazioni riguardo alle riforme fiscali proposte.

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dictatorship

[sostantivo]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

dittatura

Ex: Many countries fought against dictatorship in the 20th century .Molti paesi hanno combattuto contro la **dittatura** nel 20° secolo.

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dictator

[sostantivo]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dittatore

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .Dopo anni di sofferenza sotto il **dittatore**, il popolo si è ribellato in una rivoluzione per chiedere la democrazia.

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council

[sostantivo]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

consiglio

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .Il **consiglio** ha proposto nuove normative ambientali.

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poll

[sostantivo]

the act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs

sondaggio

Ex: She observed the polls to ensure fair counting .Ha osservato i **seggi elettorali** per garantire un conteggio equo.

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diplomacy

[sostantivo]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomazia

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .La sua acuta **diplomazia** ha assicurato un accordo commerciale vitale per il suo paese.

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diplomat

[sostantivo]

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

diplomatico

Ex: The diplomat participated in cultural exchanges to promote mutual understanding between nations .Il **diplomatico** ha partecipato a scambi culturali per promuovere la comprensione reciproca tra le nazioni.

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federal

[aggettivo]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federale

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .Il bilancio **federale** assegna fondi per le priorità nazionali, comprese infrastrutture e servizi sociali.

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republic

[sostantivo]

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

repubblica

Ex: The republic celebrated its independence day with a grand parade .La **repubblica** ha celebrato il suo giorno dell'indipendenza con una grande parata.

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Republican

[sostantivo]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

repubblicano

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extremism

[sostantivo]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

estremismo

Ex: Efforts to combat extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .Gli sforzi per combattere **l'estremismo** devono concentrarsi sull'educazione e sulla promozione della tolleranza per prevenire la radicalizzazione.

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radical

[sostantivo]

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

radicale

Ex: A radical criticized the mainstream policies.

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free trade

[sostantivo]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

liberoscambismo

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .I negoziati per un nuovo accordo di **libero scambio** tra i due paesi si sono bloccati a causa di disaccordi sui dazi agricoli.

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governor

[sostantivo]

someone who is in charge of a region or town

governatore

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liberal

[aggettivo]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

liberale

Ex: Critics argue that liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .I critici sostengono che le politiche **liberali** possano portare a un eccessivo intervento del governo e alla dipendenza dai programmi di welfare.

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independence

[sostantivo]

the state of being free from the control of others

indipendenza

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .Molte persone lottano per l'**indipendenza** nella loro carriera, cercando l'autosufficienza.

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monarchy

[sostantivo]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchia

Ex: In a constitutional monarchy, the king or queen 's powers are limited by law .In una **monarchia** costituzionale, i poteri del re o della regina sono limitati dalla legge.

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propaganda

[sostantivo]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .L'ascesa dei social media ha reso più facile diffondere rapidamente e ampiamente la **propaganda**.

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anarchy

[sostantivo]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

anarchia

Ex: The sudden resignation of all leaders resulted in anarchy within the organization .Le improvvise dimissioni di tutti i leader hanno portato all'**anarchia** all'interno dell'organizzazione.

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opposition

[sostantivo]

the main political party opposed to the government

opposizione

Ex: The opposition accused the government of suppressing free speech and dissent .**L'opposizione** ha accusato il governo di reprimere la libertà di parola e il dissenso.

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revolution

[sostantivo]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rivoluzione

Ex: The revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation .**La rivoluzione** ha portato a significative riforme politiche e sociali in tutta la nazione.

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to reform

[Verbo]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

riformare

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .Il consiglio scolastico sta valutando di **riformare** il sistema di valutazione per riflettere meglio il rendimento degli studenti.

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Vocabolario Essenziale per il TOEFL

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