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Podstawowe Słownictwo do TOEFL - Politics
Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów związanych z polityką, takich jak „szczyt”, „skrzydło”, „senat” itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu TOEFL.
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a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election
reżim, rząd autorytarny
a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country
ambasador, ambasadorka
a group of people who officially represent their government in another country
ambasada
an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues
szczyt, szczyt przywódców
members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views
skrzydło, frakcja
a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.
rzecznik, przedstawiciel
a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed
biurokracja
a system of government based on the vote of the public who choose their representatives periodically by free election
demokracja
related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights
demokratyczny
someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues
demokrata, zwolennik równości społecznej
(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate
kongres, zebranie
the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters
parlament, zgromadzenie
a legislative or governing body, usually the smaller and more influential chamber in a bicameral system, with the authority to create, revise, or approve laws and policies
senat
senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government
gabinet, rząd
a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something
slogan, hasło
a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose
kampania, kampania polityczna
a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies
konserwatysta, konserwatystka
a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people
dyktatura, reżim autorytarny
a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force
dyktator
a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.
rada, rada miejska
(plural) the process of casting or counting votes; the place in which votes are counted or casted
głosowanie, lokal wyborczy
the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries
dyplomacja
an official representing a country's government in foreign relations
dyplomata
relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments
federalny, federalna
a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives
republika
(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party
republikanin, republikanina
religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal
ekstremizm, radykalizm
a person whose political inclination is social and political change
radykał, rewolucjonista
a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold
wolny handel, handel bezbarierowy
someone who is in charge of a region or town
gubernator, zarządca
related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity
liberalny, progresywny
the state of being free from the control of others
niepodległość
a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen
monarchia
information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader
propaganda
the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control
anarchia
the main political party opposed to the government
opozycja, partia opozycyjna
the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence
rewolucja, powstanie
to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it
reformować, ulepszać
