Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Politics

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

a group of people who officially represent their government in another country

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

a legislative or governing body, usually the smaller and more influential chamber in a bicameral system, with the authority to create, revise, or approve laws and policies

one of the members of Senate

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

(plural) the process of casting or counting votes; the place in which votes are counted or casted

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

someone who is in charge of a region or town

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

the state of being free from the control of others

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

the main political party opposed to the government

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it