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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Politics

Here you will learn some English words about politics, such as "summit", "wing", "senate", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
regime
regime
[noun]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media.
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ambassador

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .
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embassy
embassy
[noun]

the ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country

Ex: The embassy arranged transportation for the visiting minister .
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summit
summit
[noun]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

Ex: Delegates from fifty countries attended the summit.
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wing
wing
[noun]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .
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spokesperson

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

Ex: The spokesperson denied any involvement of the company in the allegations .
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bureaucracy

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .
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democracy
democracy
[noun]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .
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democratic
democratic
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

Ex: The democratic system fosters civic engagement and encourages active participation in public affairs .
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democrat
democrat
[noun]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
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Congress
Congress
[noun]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress.
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parliament

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

Ex: The opposition party criticized the government 's policies during the parliament meeting .
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Senate
Senate
[noun]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

Ex: The Senate Committee held hearings on the issue.
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senator
senator
[noun]

a person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature

Ex: The senator met with constituents to discuss local issues .
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cabinet
cabinet
[noun]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .
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slogan
slogan
[noun]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

Ex: The environmental group 's slogan " Save the Earth , One Step at a Time " resonated deeply with the public during their campaign .
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campaign
campaign
[noun]

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

Ex: The army launched a campaign to retake the occupied territory .
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conservative

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.
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dictatorship

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

Ex: Many countries fought against dictatorship in the 20th century .
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dictator
dictator
[noun]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
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council
council
[noun]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .
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poll
poll
[noun]

the act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs

Ex: She observed the polls to ensure fair counting .
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diplomacy
diplomacy
[noun]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
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diplomat
diplomat
[noun]

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

Ex: The diplomat participated in cultural exchanges to promote mutual understanding between nations .
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federal
federal
[Adjective]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
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republic
republic
[noun]

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

Ex: The republic celebrated its independence day with a grand parade .
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Republican

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

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extremism
extremism
[noun]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

Ex: Efforts to combat extremism must focus on education and promoting tolerance to prevent radicalization .
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radical
radical
[noun]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

Ex: A radical criticized the mainstream policies.
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free trade

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .
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governor
governor
[noun]

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

Ex: He worked closely with the governor on infrastructure projects .
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liberal
liberal
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

Ex: Critics argue that liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .
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independence

the state of being free from the control of others

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .
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monarchy
monarchy
[noun]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

Ex: In a constitutional monarchy, the king or queen's powers are limited by law.
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propaganda

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .
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anarchy
anarchy
[noun]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

Ex: The sudden resignation of all leaders resulted in anarchy within the organization .
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opposition

the main political party opposed to the government

Ex: The opposition accused the government of suppressing free speech and dissent .
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revolution

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

Ex: The revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation .
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to reform
to reform
[Verb]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .
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