Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Politics

Here you will learn some English words about politics, such as "summit", "wing", "senate", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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regime [noun]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations .

ambassador [noun]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

Ex: The ambassador met with the foreign minister to discuss trade agreements and international cooperation .

embassy [noun]

the ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country

Ex: Several members of the embassy were recalled after the negotiations failed .

summit [noun]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

Ex: She prepared extensively for the international summit .

wing [noun]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

Ex: The moderate wing of the coalition sought bipartisan solutions to healthcare reform .

spokesperson [noun]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

Ex: The spokesperson clarified the organization 's stance on the proposed policy changes .

bureaucracy [noun]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

Ex:

democracy [noun]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

Ex: One of the pillars of a democracy is the right to vote .

democratic [adjective]

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

Ex: His democratic ideals prioritize inclusivity , equality , and respect for diverse perspectives .

democrat [noun]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

Ex:

Congress [noun]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Ex:

parliament [noun]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

Ex: The prime minister addressed parliament on the country 's economic challenges .

Senate [noun]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

Ex:

senator [noun]

one of the members of Senate

cabinet [noun]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

Ex: The cabinet members deliberated for hours before reaching a consensus on the proposed healthcare reforms .

slogan [noun]

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

Ex: The marketing team spent weeks brainstorming the perfect slogan to capture the essence of their new product .

campaign [noun]

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

Ex: The anti-smoking campaign used shocking ads to discourage teens from vaping .

conservative [noun]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

Ex:

dictatorship [noun]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

Ex: The people lived in fear under the dictatorship ’s strict laws .

dictator [noun]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

Ex: Many people fled the country to escape the oppressive rule of the dictator .

council [noun]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

Ex:

poll [noun]

the act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs

Ex:

diplomacy [noun]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

Ex: Effective diplomacy requires patience , cultural understanding , and compromise .

diplomat [noun]

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

Ex: Diplomats from various countries gathered at the United Nations to address global security issues .

federal [adjective]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

Ex: The country 's federal structure divides powers between the national government and its states or provinces .

republic [noun]

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

Ex: The republic 's constitution outlines the framework for democratic governance .

Republican [noun]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

extremism [noun]

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

Ex: Extremism often feeds on economic instability and social discontent , making it a complex issue to address .

radical [noun]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

Ex:

free trade [noun]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

Ex: Critics of free trade worry that it could lead to job losses in certain industries that struggle to compete with cheaper imports .

governor [noun]

someone who is in charge of a region or town

liberal [adjective]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

Ex: The liberal approach to economics favors government regulation to address market failures and promote income equality .

independence [noun]

the state of being free from the control of others

Ex: She valued her independence and preferred to make decisions on her own .

monarchy [noun]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

Ex: The citizens celebrated the anniversary of their monarchy with a grand parade .

propaganda [noun]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

Ex: The documentary exposed how propaganda was used to manipulate public opinion .

anarchy [noun]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

Ex: The collapse of the central authority led to widespread anarchy in the region .

opposition [noun]

the main political party opposed to the government

Ex: In parliament , the opposition presented an alternative budget proposal .

revolution [noun]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

Ex: The revolution was sparked by widespread discontent with the oppressive regime .

to reform [verb]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

Ex: The organization plans to reform its fundraising strategies to increase revenue and support its mission .

Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL
Family and Relationships	Stages of Life	Personal Characteristics	Feelings and Emotions
Appearance	Clothing and Fashion	Colors and Shapes	Education
Employment	Language and Grammar	The Human Body	Communication
Travel and Tourism	Transportation	Means of Transportation	The Computer World
Society and Social Issues	Healthcare and Medicine	Medical Examinations and Procedures	Physical Conditions and Injuries
Mental Disorders	Physical Disabilities and Illnesses	Geography	Space
The Environment and Weather	The Animal Kingdom	The Art World	Cinema and Theater
Music	Literature	Broadcasting and Journalism	Food and Restaurant
Diet	Agriculture and Plants	Point of View	Cause and Effect
Certainty and Doubt	Suggestions and Rules	Pride and Prejudice	Houses and Buildings
Hobbies and Games	Shopping	The Economy	The Business World
Success and Failure	Politics	Law and Order	Crime and Punishment
War and Peace	Religion	Biology, Physics, and Chemistry	Mathematics and Measurement
Engineering and Research	Athletics	Time and History