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Aklat Interchange - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 15

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 15 sa Interchange Upper-Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng « plagiarism », « inadequate », « controversial », atbp.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Interchange - Upper-intermediate
to prohibit
to prohibit
[Pandiwa]

to formally forbid something from being done, particularly by law

ipagbawal, bawalan

ipagbawal, bawalan

Ex: The city council passed a law to prohibit the use of fireworks within city limits. 

Ang lungsod konseho ay nagpasa ng isang batas upang ipagbawal ang paggamit ng paputok sa loob ng mga limitasyon ng lungsod.

law
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: It's important to know your rights under the law. 

Mahalagang malaman ang iyong mga karapatan sa ilalim ng batas.

to pass
to pass
[Pandiwa]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ipasa, aprubahan

ipasa, aprubahan

Ex: The government has passed new legislation to protect consumers. 

Ang pamahalaan ay nagpasa ng bagong batas upang protektahan ang mga mamimili.

unmarried
unmarried
[pang-uri]

not having a legal or official romantic partner

soltero, hindi kasal

soltero, hindi kasal

Ex: Despite being in a long-term relationship, they remained unmarried. 

Sa kabila ng pagiging sa isang pangmatagalang relasyon, sila ay nanatiling hindi kasal.

parachuting
parachuting
[Pangngalan]

the activity of jumping down from a flying plane with a parachute

parasyuting, paglundag na may parasyut

parasyuting, paglundag na may parasyut

Ex: She felt an adrenaline rush like never before when parachuting out of an airplane for the first time. 

Naramdaman niya ang isang adrenaline rush na hindi pa niya nararanasan dati nang mag-parachuting siya mula sa eroplano sa unang pagkakataon.

illegal
illegal
[pang-uri]

forbidden by the law

ilegal, ipinagbabawal ng batas

ilegal, ipinagbabawal ng batas

Ex: Selling drugs on the street is illegal and punishable by law. 

Ang pagbebenta ng droga sa kalye ay ilegal at parusahan ng batas.

pigeon
pigeon
[Pangngalan]

a bird with short legs and a short beak which typically has gray and white feathers

kalapati, pigeon

kalapati, pigeon

Ex: The pigeon strutted confidently along the sidewalk, pecking at scraps of food left by passersby. 

Ang kalapati ay naglakad nang may kumpiyansa sa tabi ng daan, tumitilad ng mga piraso ng pagkain na iniwan ng mga nagdaraan.

unattended
unattended
[pang-uri]

not being taken care of or looked after, especially due to a lack of attention or absence of a responsible person

hindi nakatutok, walang bantay

hindi nakatutok, walang bantay

Ex: The unattended bag in the airport caused a security alert. 

Ang walang bantay na bag sa paliparan ay nagdulot ng alerto sa seguridad.

vehicle
vehicle
[Pangngalan]

a means of transportation used to carry people or goods from one place to another, typically on roads or tracks

sasakyan, transportasyon

sasakyan, transportasyon

Ex: The military convoy consisted of armored vehicles and supply trucks. 

Ang konboy militar ay binubuo ng mga blindadong sasakyan at mga trak ng suplay.

to pretend
to pretend
[Pandiwa]

to act in a specific way in order to make others believe that something is the case when actually it is not so

magkunwari, magpanggap

magkunwari, magpanggap

Ex: Sometimes, pretending to be confident can help overcome nervousness in social situations. 

Minsan, ang pagkukunwari na kumpiyansa ay makakatulong upang malampasan ang nerbiyos sa mga sitwasyong panlipunan.

rule
rule
[Pangngalan]

instructions or guidelines that determine how a game or sport is played

tuntunin, regulasyon

tuntunin, regulasyon

Ex: The game has rules for scoring points. 

Ang laro ay may mga patakaran para sa pagkuha ng puntos.

regulation
regulation
[Pangngalan]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

regulasyon, batas

regulasyon, batas

Ex: The new regulations require all vehicles to undergo emissions testing annually. 

Ang mga bagong regulasyon ay nangangailangan na ang lahat ng sasakyan ay sumailalim sa pagsubok ng emisyon taun-taon.

to install
to install
[Pandiwa]

to set a piece of equipment in place and make it ready for use

mag-install, ikabit

mag-install, ikabit

Ex: To upgrade the kitchen, they hired a professional to install the new dishwasher. 

Para i-upgrade ang kusina, umarkila sila ng propesyonal para i-install ang bagong dishwasher.

soundproof
soundproof
[pang-uri]

preventing sound from entering or leaving a room or space, typically through the use of special materials or construction techniques

soundproof, hindi tinatablan ng tunog

soundproof, hindi tinatablan ng tunog

Ex: The walls of the studio are soundproof to ensure quiet recording conditions. 

Ang mga pader ng studio ay soundproof upang matiyak ang tahimik na mga kondisyon ng pag-record.

to permit
to permit
[Pandiwa]

to allow something or someone to do something

pahintulutan, payagan

pahintulutan, payagan

Ex: The park permits visitors to bring their own food and drinks. 

Ang parke ay nagpapahintulot sa mga bisita na magdala ng kanilang sariling pagkain at inumin.

owner
owner
[Pangngalan]

a person, entity, or organization that possesses, controls, or has legal rights to something

may-ari, nagmamay-ari

may-ari, nagmamay-ari

Ex: The owner of the building decided to renovate the entire complex. 

Ang may-ari ng gusali ay nagpasya na i-renovate ang buong complex.

leash
leash
[Pangngalan]

a long piece of rope, leather strap or light chain used for guiding and controlling a dog or other animals

tali, kadena

tali, kadena

Ex: She held the dog's leash tightly as they walked through the park. 

Hawak niya nang mahigpit ang tali ng aso habang naglalakad sila sa parke.

litter
litter
[Pangngalan]

waste such as bottles, papers, etc. that people throw on a sidewalk, park, or other public place

basura, mga dumi

basura, mga dumi

Ex: Please don’t throw litter on the sidewalk—use the bin. 

Pakiusap huwag magtapon ng basura sa bangketa—gamitin ang basurahan.

helmet
helmet
[Pangngalan]

a hard hat worn by soldiers, bikers, etc. for protection

helmet, hard hat

helmet, hard hat

Ex: The construction worker wore a bright yellow safety helmet before entering the site. 

Ang construction worker ay may suot na maliwanag na dilaw na safety helmet bago pumasok sa site.

controversial
controversial
[pang-uri]

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

kontrobersyal,  maingay

kontrobersyal, maingay

Ex: Many people find her statements on the issue controversial. 

Maraming tao ang nakakita ng kanyang mga pahayag sa isyu bilang kontrobersyal.

community
community
[Pangngalan]

a group of people who live in the same area

komunidad, pamayanan

komunidad, pamayanan

Ex: They moved to a new city and quickly became involved in their new community. 

Lumipat sila sa isang bagong lungsod at mabilis na naging kasangkot sa kanilang bagong komunidad.

issue
issue
[Pangngalan]

problems or difficulties that arise, especially in relation to a service or facility, which require resolution or attention

problema, kahirapan

problema, kahirapan

Ex: The bank faced an issue with its online banking portal, causing inconvenience to users. 

Ang bangko ay nakaranas ng problema sa kanilang online banking portal, na nagdulot ng abala sa mga gumagamit.

to bully
to bully
[Pandiwa]

to use power or influence to frighten or harm someone weaker or more vulnerable

pang-api, manakot

pang-api, manakot

Ex: The older kids would often bully the younger students, teasing them and taking their belongings. 

Madalas binubully ng mga mas matandang bata ang mga mas batang estudyante, tinutukso sila at kinukuha ang kanilang mga gamit.

homelessness
homelessness
[Pangngalan]

the fact or condition of not having a home

kawalan ng tahanan, pagiging walang bahay

kawalan ng tahanan, pagiging walang bahay

Ex: The city has launched several initiatives to reduce homelessness and provide support to those in need. 

Ang lungsod ay naglunsad ng ilang mga inisyatiba upang mabawasan ang kawalan ng tirahan at magbigay ng suporta sa mga nangangailangan.

inadequate
inadequate
[pang-uri]

not meeting the expected level of quality, skill, or ability

hindi sapat, hindi angkop

hindi sapat, hindi angkop

Ex: The report was inadequate, missing key data. 

Ang ulat ay hindi sapat, nawawala ang mahahalagang datos.

irregular
irregular
[pang-uri]

not conforming to established rules, patterns, or norms

hindi regular, hindi pangkaraniwan

hindi regular, hindi pangkaraniwan

Ex: The irregular behavior of the customer raised concerns among the store staff. 

Ang hindi regular na pag-uugali ng customer ay nagdulot ng pag-aalala sa mga tauhan ng tindahan.

trash collection
trash collection
[Pangngalan]

the process of picking up garbage and waste from households or public areas for disposal or recycling

koleksyon ng basura, pagtitipon ng basura

koleksyon ng basura, pagtitipon ng basura

Ex: Traffic is the main source of noise pollution in the city. 

Ang koleksyon ng basura ang pangunahing pinagmumulan ng polusyon sa ingay sa lungsod.

lack
lack
[Pangngalan]

the absence or insufficiency of something, often implying a deficiency or shortage

kakulangan, kawalan

kakulangan, kawalan

Ex: The lack of rainfall this year has affected crop production. 

Ang kakulangan ng ulan ngayong taon ay nakaaapekto sa produksyon ng pananim.

affordable
affordable
[pang-uri]

having a price that a person can pay without experiencing financial difficulties

abot-kaya, kaya ng bulsa

abot-kaya, kaya ng bulsa

Ex: The new housing development offers affordable apartments for low-income families. 

Ang bagong housing development ay nag-aalok ng abot-kayang mga apartment para sa mga pamilyang may mababang kita.

noise pollution
noise pollution
[Pangngalan]

any unwanted or excessive sound that may cause harm or disturbance to human or animal life

polusyon sa ingay, polusyon ng ingay

polusyon sa ingay, polusyon ng ingay

Ex: Traffic is the main source of noise pollution in the city. 

Ang trapiko ang pangunahing pinagmumulan ng polusyon sa ingay sa lungsod.

overcrowded
overcrowded
[pang-uri]

(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

sobrang siksikan, puno ng tao

sobrang siksikan, puno ng tao

Ex: The overcrowded streets made it hard to find a parking spot. 

Ang masyadong matao na mga kalye ay nagpahirap sa paghahanap ng paradahan.

stray
stray
[pang-uri]

(with reference to an animal) lost or wandered away from its home or natural habitat

ligaw, nawawala

ligaw, nawawala

crime
crime
[Pangngalan]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

krimen,  kasalanan

krimen, kasalanan

Ex: The police are investigating the crime that occurred last night. 

Ang pulis ay imbestigahan ang krimen na naganap kagabi.

vandalism
vandalism
[Pangngalan]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

pambababoy

pambababoy

Ex: After the vandalism of the public library, the community came together to clean and restore the damaged areas. 

Pagkatapos ng pambababoy sa pampublikong aklatan, nagkaisa ang komunidad para linisin at ayusin ang mga nasirang lugar.

mayor
mayor
[Pangngalan]

someone who is elected to be the head of a town or city

alkalde, punong-lungsod

alkalde, punong-lungsod

Ex: The mayor announced new plans for public transportation. 

Inanunsyo ng alkalde ang mga bagong plano para sa pampublikong transportasyon.

persuasive
persuasive
[pang-uri]

capable of convincing others to do or believe something particular

nakakahimok, nakakumbinsi

nakakahimok, nakakumbinsi

Ex: His persuasive arguments convinced the jury of the defendant's innocence. 

Ang kanyang nakakumbinsi na mga argumento ay kumbinsido ang hurado sa kawalang-sala ng nasasakdal.

plagiarism
plagiarism
[Pangngalan]

the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit or permission

pangongopya, pandaraya

pangongopya, pandaraya

Ex: The student was expelled for plagiarism. 

Ang estudyante ay pinatalsik dahil sa pangongopya.

aside
aside
[pang-abay]

toward the side and away from the main path

sa tabi, palayo

sa tabi, palayo

Ex: He gently pushed the chair aside to make space for the guests. 

Marahan niyang itinulak ang upuan palayo para makagawa ng espasyo para sa mga bisita.

to suspect
to suspect
[Pandiwa]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

maghinala, hinalaan

maghinala, hinalaan

Ex: I suspect he's been lying about where he was last night. 

Nagdududa ako na nagsisinungaling siya tungkol sa kung nasaan siya kagabi.

available
available
[pang-uri]

ready for being used or acquired

available, libre

available, libre

Ex: Is there a table available for dinner reservations tonight? 

Mayroon bang mesa na available para sa dinner reservations ngayong gabi?

to commit
to commit
[Pandiwa]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

gumawa, isagawa

gumawa, isagawa

Ex: He was arrested for attempting to commit fraud by falsifying financial documents. 

Nahuli siya dahil sa pagtatangkang gumawa ng pandaraya sa pamamagitan ng pagpeke ng mga dokumentong pampinansyal.

various
various
[pang-uri]

several and of different types or kinds

iba't ibang, marami

iba't ibang, marami

Ex: The store sells various types of fruits and vegetables. 

Ang tindahan ay nagbebenta ng iba't ibang uri ng prutas at gulay.

article
article
[Pangngalan]

a piece of writing about a particular subject on a website, in a newspaper, magazine, or other publication

artikulo, sulat

artikulo, sulat

Ex: I found an article online that explained how to improve time management skills. 

Nakita ko ang isang artikulo online na nagpapaliwanag kung paano mapapabuti ang mga kasanayan sa pamamahala ng oras.

property
property
[Pangngalan]

a thing or all the things that a person owns

ari-arian, pag-aari

ari-arian, pag-aari

Ex: She inherited a large amount of property from her grandparents. 

Nagmana siya ng malaking halaga ng ari-arian mula sa kanyang mga lolo't lola.

source
source
[Pangngalan]

a book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to

pinagmulan, sanggunian

pinagmulan, sanggunian

Ex: Wikipedia is not always a reliable source for academic work. 

Ang Wikipedia ay hindi laging isang maaasahang pinagmulan para sa akademikong gawain.

to combine
to combine
[Pandiwa]

(of different elements) to come together in order to shape a single unit or a group

pagsamahin, pag-isahin

pagsamahin, pag-isahin

Ex: During the brainstorming session, ideas from team members combine to shape a comprehensive plan. 

Sa panahon ng brainstorming session, ang mga ideya mula sa mga miyembro ng koponan ay nagkakaisa upang bumuo ng isang komprehensibong plano.

to approach
to approach
[Pandiwa]

to go close or closer to something or someone

lumapit, mag-approach

lumapit, mag-approach

Ex: She approached the podium with confidence before giving her speech. 

Lumapit siya sa podium nang may kumpiyansa bago magbigay ng kanyang talumpati.

consequence
consequence
[Pangngalan]

a phenomenon or event that follows from and is caused by a previous action or occurrence

kinalabasan, bunga

kinalabasan, bunga

Ex: Flooding was a consequence of the heavy rains. 

Ang pagbaha ay kinalabasan ng malakas na ulan.

childcare
childcare
[Pangngalan]

the act of looking after children, especially while their parents are working

pangangalaga sa bata, daycare

pangangalaga sa bata, daycare

Ex: Childcare can be expensive in urban areas. 

Ang pag-aalaga ng bata ay maaaring magastos sa mga urbanong lugar.

healthcare
healthcare
[Pangngalan]

the health services and treatments given to people

pangangalagang pangkalusugan, serbisyong pangkalusugan

pangangalagang pangkalusugan, serbisyong pangkalusugan

Ex: Access to affordable healthcare is a major concern for many families in the country. 

Ang access sa abot-kayang pangangalagang pangkalusugan ay isang pangunahing alalahanin para sa maraming pamilya sa bansa.

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