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Aklat Interchange - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 7 - Bahagi 1

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 7 - Part 1 in the Interchange Upper-Intermediate coursebook, such as "generate", "famine", "decompose", etc.

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Interchange - Upper-intermediate
to waste
[Pandiwa]

to use something without care or more than needed

aksayahin,  sayangin

aksayahin, sayangin

Ex: The company was criticized for its tendency to waste resources without considering environmental impacts .Ang kumpanya ay pinintasan dahil sa ugali nitong **mag-aksaya** ng mga yaman nang hindi isinasaalang-alang ang mga epekto sa kapaligiran.
to generate
[Pandiwa]

to cause or give rise to something

lumikha, magdulot

lumikha, magdulot

Ex: The marketing team generates leads through various online channels .Ang marketing team ay **nakakagawa** ng mga lead sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang online channels.
average
[pang-uri]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

karaniwan

karaniwan

Ex: The average number of hours worked per week was 40 .Ang **average** na bilang ng oras na nagtrabaho bawat linggo ay 40.
to produce
[Pandiwa]

to make something using raw materials or different components

gumawa,  magprodyus

gumawa, magprodyus

Ex: Our company mainly produces goods for export .Ang aming kumpanya ay pangunahing **gumagawa** ng mga kalakal para sa eksport.
plastic
[Pangngalan]

a light substance produced in a chemical process that can be formed into different shapes when heated

plastik

plastik

Ex: The dentist fashioned a temporary crown out of dental plastic.Ang dentista ay gumawa ng pansamantalang korona mula sa **plastic** ng ngipin.
bottle
[Pangngalan]

a glass or plastic container that has a narrow neck and is used for storing drinks or other liquids

bote, flask

bote, flask

Ex: We bought a bottle of sparkling water for the picnic .Bumili kami ng isang **bote** ng sparkling water para sa piknik.
to decompose
[Pandiwa]

to break down into simpler parts or substances

mabulok, masira

mabulok, masira

Ex: In the garden , the organic matter will decompose and improve the soil .Sa hardin, ang organic matter ay **mabubulok** at mapapabuti ang lupa.
to throw away
[Pandiwa]

to get rid of what is not needed or wanted anymore

itapon, alisin

itapon, alisin

Ex: I'll throw the unnecessary files away to declutter the office.**Itatapon** ko ang mga hindi kailangang file para malinis ang opisina.
to end up
[Pandiwa]

to eventually reach or find oneself in a particular place, situation, or condition, often unexpectedly or as a result of circumstances

magtapos, mauwi

magtapos, mauwi

Ex: If we keep arguing, we’ll end up ruining our friendship.Kung patuloy tayong magtatalo, **magwawakas** tayo sa pagsira sa ating pagkakaibigan.
to supply
[Pandiwa]

to provide something needed or wanted

magbigay, supply

magbigay, supply

Ex: The government promises to supply aid to regions affected by the natural disaster .Nangako ang gobyerno na **magkakaloob** ng tulong sa mga rehiyon na apektado ng natural na kalamidad.
to feed
[Pandiwa]

to give food to a person or an animal

pakainin, magpakain

pakainin, magpakain

Ex: They fed the chickens before going to school yesterday .**Pinakain** nila ang mga manok bago pumasok sa paaralan kahapon.
to vote
[Pandiwa]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

bumoto, maghalal

bumoto, maghalal

Ex: He voted for the first time after turning eighteen .**Bumoto** siya sa unang pagkakataon matapos maglabing-walong taong gulang.
council
[Pangngalan]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

sanggunian, konseho

sanggunian, konseho

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .Ang **konseho** ay nagmungkahi ng mga bagong regulasyon sa kapaligiran.
contaminated
[pang-uri]

made impure or polluted by harmful substances, bacteria, or viruses

kontaminado, marumi

kontaminado, marumi

Ex: The fish in the river were contaminated with mercury, posing a risk to human health if consumed.Ang mga isda sa ilog ay **kontaminado** ng mercury, na nagdudulot ng panganib sa kalusugan ng tao kung kinain.
toxic
[pang-uri]

consisting of poisonous substances

nakakalason

nakakalason

Ex: Proper disposal of electronic waste is crucial to prevent toxic materials from leaching into the environment and contaminating soil and water sources .Ang tamang pagtatapon ng electronic waste ay mahalaga upang maiwasan ang mga **nakakalason** na materyales na tumagas sa kapaligiran at makontamina ang lupa at mga pinagkukunan ng tubig.
chemical
[pang-uri]

concerning or used in the scientific field of chemistry

kemikal

kemikal

Ex: The study of chemical kinetics examines the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that influence them.Ang pag-aaral ng **kemikal** na kinetika ay sumusuri sa mga bilis ng mga reaksyong **kemikal** at ang mga salik na nakakaimpluwensya sa kanila.
lack
[Pangngalan]

the absence or insufficiency of something, often implying a deficiency or shortage

kakulangan, kawalan

kakulangan, kawalan

Ex: The community faced a severe lack of healthcare resources .Ang komunidad ay nakaranas ng malubhang **kakulangan** ng mga mapagkukunan ng pangangalagang pangkalusugan.
maintenance
[Pangngalan]

the act of keeping something in good condition or proper working condition

pagsasaayos, pagpapanatili

pagsasaayos, pagpapanatili

Ex: The maintenance team repaired the broken elevator .Ang pangkat ng **pagpapanatili** ay nag-ayos ng sira na elevator.
to displace
[Pandiwa]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

lipat, paalisin

lipat, paalisin

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened to displace residents in nearby towns .Ang wildfire na nagngangalit sa kagubatan ay nagbanta na **palayasin** ang mga residente sa mga kalapit na bayan.
rental
[Pangngalan]

the act of giving money to be able to use something like an apartment, house, car, or special equipment that is owned by another person

upahan

upahan

Ex: Vacation rentals are often more affordable than hotels .Ang mga **upahan** sa bakasyon ay mas mura kaysa sa mga hotel.
due to
[Preposisyon]

as a result of a specific cause or reason

dahil sa, sanhi ng

dahil sa, sanhi ng

Ex: The cancellation of classes was due to a teacher strike .Ang pagkansela ng mga klase ay **dahil sa** isang welga ng mga guro.
as a result
[pang-abay]

used to indicate the outcome of a preceding action or situation

bilang resulta, kaya naman

bilang resulta, kaya naman

Ex: As a result, they were forced to downsize their operations .**Bilang resulta**, napilitan silang bawasan ang kanilang mga operasyon.
because of
[Preposisyon]

used to introduce the reason of something happening

dahil sa, sanhi ng

dahil sa, sanhi ng

Ex: She loves him because of his kindness .Mahal niya siya **dahil sa** kanyang kabaitan.
through
[Preposisyon]

used to indicate movement into one side and out of the opposite side of something

sa pamamagitan ng, sa

sa pamamagitan ng, sa

Ex: He reached through the bars to grab the keys .Umabot siya **sa pagitan** ng mga rehas para kunin ang mga susi.
global
[pang-uri]

regarding or affecting the entire world

pandaigdig, global

pandaigdig, global

Ex: The internet enables global communication and access to information across continents .Ang internet ay nagbibigay-daan sa **pandaigdigang** komunikasyon at pag-access sa impormasyon sa buong mga kontinente.
unemployment
[Pangngalan]

the state of being without a job

kawalan ng trabaho, walang trabaho

kawalan ng trabaho, walang trabaho

Ex: Many people faced long-term unemployment during the global financial crisis .Maraming tao ang nakaranas ng pangmatagalang **kawalan ng trabaho** sa panahon ng pandaigdigang krisis sa pananalapi.
famine
[Pangngalan]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

Ex: The famine caused great suffering among the population .Ang **taggutom** ay nagdulot ng malaking paghihirap sa populasyon.
global warming
[Pangngalan]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .Ang **global warming** ay nagbabanta sa mga ecosystem at wildlife.
government
[Pangngalan]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

pamahalaan, administrasyon

pamahalaan, administrasyon

Ex: In a democratic system , the government is chosen by the people through free and fair elections .Sa isang demokratikong sistema, ang **pamahalaan** ay pinili ng mga tao sa pamamagitan ng malaya at patas na halalan.
corruption
[Pangngalan]

illegal and dishonest behavior of someone, particularly one who is in a position of power

katiwalian, pagsuhol

katiwalian, pagsuhol

Ex: He was accused of corruption after accepting kickbacks from contractors in exchange for favorable deals .Siya ay inakusahan ng **korupsyon** matapos tumanggap ng mga kickback mula sa mga kontratista bilang kapalit ng mga paborableng deal.
infectious disease
[Pangngalan]

an illness that can be transmitted from one person, animal, or object to another, and can spread quickly through a community

nakakahawang sakit, sakit na nakakahawa

nakakahawang sakit, sakit na nakakahawa

Ex: The government launched a campaign to raise awareness about infectious diseases.Inilunsad ng gobyerno ang isang kampanya upang itaas ang kamalayan tungkol sa **mga nakakahawang sakit**.
violence
[Pangngalan]

a crime that is intentionally directed toward a person or thing to hurt, intimidate, or kill them

karahasan, kalupitan

karahasan, kalupitan

Ex: The city has seen a rise in violence over the past few months , leading to increased police presence .Ang lungsod ay nakakita ng pagtaas sa **karahasan** sa nakaraang ilang buwan, na nagdulot ng mas maraming presensya ng pulisya.
political
[pang-uri]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

pampulitika

pampulitika

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .Ang media ay may mahalagang papel sa pagbibigay-alam sa publiko tungkol sa mga **pampulitika** na pag-unlad at sa pagpapanagot sa mga nahalal na opisyal.
unrest
[Pangngalan]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .Ang pagtaas ng presyo ng gasolina ay nagdulot ng **kaguluhan** sa mga manggagawa.
poverty
[Pangngalan]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

kahirapan

kahirapan

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.Ang charity ay nakatuon sa pagbibigay ng pagkain at tirahan sa mga nabubuhay sa **kahirapan**.
recession
[Pangngalan]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recession

recession

Ex: Economists predicted that the recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .Inihula ng mga ekonomista na ang **recession** ay tatagal ng ilang quarter bago lumitaw ang mga palatandaan ng paggaling.
to float
[Pandiwa]

to be in motion on a body of water or current of air at a slow pace

lumutang, magpadaloy

lumutang, magpadaloy

Ex: In the serene evening , the hot air balloon began to float gracefully across the sky .Sa tahimik na gabi, ang mainit na air balloon ay nagsimulang **lumutang** nang maganda sa kalangitan.
factory
[Pangngalan]

a building or set of buildings in which products are made, particularly using machines

pabrika, paktorihan

pabrika, paktorihan

Ex: She toured the factory to see how the products were made .Naglibot siya sa **pabrika** para makita kung paano ginawa ang mga produkto.
to pump
[Pandiwa]

to make gas or liquid move in a certain direction using a mechanical action

magbomba, itulak

magbomba, itulak

Ex: The heart pumps blood throughout the circulatory system to supply the body with oxygen .Ang puso ay **nagbomba** ng dugo sa buong sistema ng sirkulasyon upang magbigay ng oxygen sa katawan.
to ignore
[Pandiwa]

to intentionally pay no or little attention to someone or something

huwag pansinin, balewalain

huwag pansinin, balewalain

Ex: Over the years , he has successfully ignored unnecessary criticism to focus on his goals .Sa paglipas ng mga taon, matagumpay niyang **hindi pinansin** ang hindi kinakailangang pintas upang ituon ang kanyang mga layunin.
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.Mahalagang malaman ang iyong mga karapatan sa ilalim ng **batas**.
management
[Pangngalan]

the process or act of organizing or managing a group of people or an organization

pamamahala, pangangasiwa

pamamahala, pangangasiwa

Ex: Strong management practices can help foster a positive work environment and encourage collaboration among team members .Ang malakas na mga kasanayan sa **pamamahala** ay maaaring makatulong na mapalago ang isang positibong kapaligiran sa trabaho at hikayatin ang pakikipagtulungan sa pagitan ng mga miyembro ng koponan.
publicity
[Pangngalan]

actions or information that are meant to gain the support or attention of the public

publisidad,  promosyon

publisidad, promosyon

Ex: The movie studio hired a PR firm to increase the film 's publicity through interviews , posters , and trailer releases .Ang movie studio ay umupa ng isang PR firm upang madagdagan ang **publicity** ng pelikula sa pamamagitan ng mga interbyu, poster, at paglabas ng trailer.
executive
[Pangngalan]

a person in a high-ranking position who is responsible for making important decisions in a company or organization

ehekutibo, mataas na ranggo na tagapamahala

ehekutibo, mataas na ranggo na tagapamahala

Ex: She met with other executives to discuss expansion plans .Nakipagkita siya sa iba pang **mga ehekutibo** upang talakayin ang mga plano ng pagpapalawak.
to stop
[Pandiwa]

to not move anymore

tumigil, huminto

tumigil, huminto

Ex: The traffic light turned red , so we had to stop at the intersection .Ang traffic light ay naging pula, kaya kailangan naming **huminto** sa intersection.
flight
[Pangngalan]

a scheduled journey by an aircraft

lipad, byahe sa eroplano

lipad, byahe sa eroplano

Ex: The flight across the Atlantic took about seven hours .Ang **flight** sa kabila ng Atlantiko ay tumagal ng mga pitong oras.
Aklat Interchange - Itaas na Intermediate
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