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Aklat Interchange - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 7 - Bahagi 1

Dito ay makikita mo ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 7 - Part 1 sa aklat na Interchange Upper-Intermediate, tulad ng "bumuo", "taggutom", "mabulok", atbp.

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Interchange - Upper-intermediate
to waste
to waste
[Pandiwa]

to use something without care or more than needed

aksayahin,  sayangin

aksayahin, sayangin

Ex: The company was criticized for its tendency to waste resources without considering environmental impacts .Ang kumpanya ay pinintasan dahil sa ugali nitong **mag-aksaya** ng mga yaman nang hindi isinasaalang-alang ang mga epekto sa kapaligiran.
to generate
to generate
[Pandiwa]

to cause or give rise to something

lumikha, magdulot

lumikha, magdulot

Ex: The marketing team generates leads through various online channels .Ang marketing team ay **nakakagawa** ng mga lead sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang online channels.
average
average
[pang-uri]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

karaniwan

karaniwan

Ex: The average number of hours worked per week was 40 .Ang **average** na bilang ng oras na nagtrabaho bawat linggo ay 40.
to produce
to produce
[Pandiwa]

to make something using raw materials or different components

gumawa,  magprodyus

gumawa, magprodyus

Ex: Our company mainly produces goods for export .Ang aming kumpanya ay pangunahing **gumagawa** ng mga kalakal para sa eksport.
plastic
plastic
[Pangngalan]

a light substance produced in a chemical process that can be formed into different shapes when heated

plastik

plastik

Ex: The dentist fashioned a temporary crown out of dental plastic.Ang dentista ay gumawa ng pansamantalang korona mula sa **plastic** ng ngipin.
bottle
bottle
[Pangngalan]

a glass or plastic container that has a narrow neck and is used for storing drinks or other liquids

bote, flask

bote, flask

Ex: We bought a bottle of sparkling water for the picnic .Bumili kami ng isang **bote** ng sparkling water para sa piknik.
to decompose
to decompose
[Pandiwa]

to break down into simpler parts or substances

mabulok, masira

mabulok, masira

Ex: In the garden , the organic matter will decompose and improve the soil .Sa hardin, ang organic matter ay **mabubulok** at mapapabuti ang lupa.
to throw away
to throw away
[Pandiwa]

to get rid of what is not needed or wanted anymore

itapon, alisin

itapon, alisin

Ex: I'll throw the unnecessary files away to declutter the office.**Itatapon** ko ang mga hindi kailangang file para malinis ang opisina.
to end up
to end up
[Pandiwa]

to eventually reach or find oneself in a particular place, situation, or condition, often unexpectedly or as a result of circumstances

magtapos, mauwi

magtapos, mauwi

Ex: If we keep arguing, we’ll end up ruining our friendship.Kung patuloy tayong magtatalo, **magwawakas** tayo sa pagsira sa ating pagkakaibigan.
to supply
to supply
[Pandiwa]

to provide something needed or wanted

magbigay, supply

magbigay, supply

Ex: The government promises to supply aid to regions affected by the natural disaster .Nangako ang gobyerno na **magkakaloob** ng tulong sa mga rehiyon na apektado ng natural na kalamidad.
to feed
to feed
[Pandiwa]

to give food to a person or an animal

pakainin, magpakain

pakainin, magpakain

Ex: They fed the chickens before going to school yesterday .**Pinakain** nila ang mga manok bago pumasok sa paaralan kahapon.
to vote
to vote
[Pandiwa]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

bumoto, maghalal

bumoto, maghalal

Ex: He voted for the first time after turning eighteen .**Bumoto** siya sa unang pagkakataon matapos maglabing-walong taong gulang.
council
council
[Pangngalan]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

sanggunian, konseho

sanggunian, konseho

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .Ang **konseho** ay nagmungkahi ng mga bagong regulasyon sa kapaligiran.
contaminated
contaminated
[pang-uri]

made impure or polluted by harmful substances, bacteria, or viruses

kontaminado, marumi

kontaminado, marumi

Ex: The fish in the river were contaminated with mercury, posing a risk to human health if consumed.Ang mga isda sa ilog ay **kontaminado** ng mercury, na nagdudulot ng panganib sa kalusugan ng tao kung kinain.
toxic
toxic
[pang-uri]

consisting of poisonous substances

nakakalason

nakakalason

Ex: Proper disposal of electronic waste is crucial to prevent toxic materials from leaching into the environment and contaminating soil and water sources .
chemical
chemical
[pang-uri]

concerning or used in the scientific field of chemistry

kemikal

kemikal

Ex: The study of chemical kinetics examines the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that influence them.Ang pag-aaral ng **kemikal** na kinetika ay sumusuri sa mga bilis ng mga reaksyong **kemikal** at ang mga salik na nakakaimpluwensya sa kanila.
lack
lack
[Pangngalan]

the absence or insufficiency of something, often implying a deficiency or shortage

kakulangan, kawalan

kakulangan, kawalan

Ex: The community faced a severe lack of healthcare resources .Ang komunidad ay nakaranas ng malubhang **kakulangan** ng mga mapagkukunan ng pangangalagang pangkalusugan.
maintenance
maintenance
[Pangngalan]

the act of keeping something in good condition or proper working condition

pagsasaayos, pagpapanatili

pagsasaayos, pagpapanatili

Ex: The maintenance team repaired the broken elevator .Ang pangkat ng **pagpapanatili** ay nag-ayos ng sira na elevator.
to displace
to displace
[Pandiwa]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

lipat, paalisin

lipat, paalisin

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened to displace residents in nearby towns .Ang wildfire na nagngangalit sa kagubatan ay nagbanta na **palayasin** ang mga residente sa mga kalapit na bayan.
rental
rental
[Pangngalan]

the act of giving money to be able to use something like an apartment, house, car, or special equipment that is owned by another person

upahan

upahan

Ex: Vacation rentals are often more affordable than hotels .Ang mga **upahan** sa bakasyon ay mas mura kaysa sa mga hotel.
due to
due to
[Preposisyon]

as a result of a specific cause or reason

dahil sa, sanhi ng

dahil sa, sanhi ng

Ex: The cancellation of classes was due to a teacher strike .Ang pagkansela ng mga klase ay **dahil sa** isang welga ng mga guro.
as a result
as a result
[pang-abay]

used to indicate the outcome of a preceding action or situation

bilang resulta, kaya naman

bilang resulta, kaya naman

Ex: As a result, they were forced to downsize their operations .**Bilang resulta**, napilitan silang bawasan ang kanilang mga operasyon.
because of
because of
[Preposisyon]

used to introduce the reason of something happening

dahil sa, sanhi ng

dahil sa, sanhi ng

Ex: She loves him because of his kindness .Mahal niya siya **dahil sa** kanyang kabaitan.
through
through
[Preposisyon]

used to indicate movement into one side and out of the opposite side of something

sa pamamagitan ng, sa

sa pamamagitan ng, sa

Ex: He reached through the bars to grab the keys .Umabot siya **sa pamamagitan** ng mga rehas para kunin ang mga susi.
global
global
[pang-uri]

regarding or affecting the entire world

pandaigdig, global

pandaigdig, global

Ex: The internet enables global communication and access to information across continents .Ang internet ay nagbibigay-daan sa **pandaigdigang** komunikasyon at pag-access sa impormasyon sa buong mga kontinente.
unemployment
unemployment
[Pangngalan]

the state of being without a job

kawalan ng trabaho, walang trabaho

kawalan ng trabaho, walang trabaho

Ex: Many people faced long-term unemployment during the global financial crisis .
famine
famine
[Pangngalan]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

Ex: The famine caused great suffering among the population .Ang **taggutom** ay nagdulot ng malaking paghihirap sa populasyon.
global warming
global warming
[Pangngalan]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .Ang **global warming** ay nagbabanta sa mga ecosystem at wildlife.
government
government
[Pangngalan]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

pamahalaan, administrasyon

pamahalaan, administrasyon

Ex: In a democratic system , the government is chosen by the people through free and fair elections .Sa isang demokratikong sistema, ang **pamahalaan** ay pinili ng mga tao sa pamamagitan ng malaya at patas na halalan.
corruption
corruption
[Pangngalan]

illegal and dishonest behavior of someone, particularly one who is in a position of power

katiwalian, pagsuhol

katiwalian, pagsuhol

Ex: He was accused of corruption after accepting kickbacks from contractors in exchange for favorable deals .Siya ay inakusahan ng **korupsyon** matapos tumanggap ng mga kickback mula sa mga kontratista bilang kapalit ng mga paborableng deal.
infectious disease
infectious disease
[Pangngalan]

an illness that can be transmitted from one person, animal, or object to another, and can spread quickly through a community

nakakahawang sakit, sakit na nakakahawa

nakakahawang sakit, sakit na nakakahawa

Ex: The government launched a campaign to raise awareness about infectious diseases.Inilunsad ng gobyerno ang isang kampanya upang itaas ang kamalayan tungkol sa **mga nakakahawang sakit**.
violence
violence
[Pangngalan]

a crime that is intentionally directed toward a person or thing to hurt, intimidate, or kill them

karahasan, kalupitan

karahasan, kalupitan

Ex: The city has seen a rise in violence over the past few months , leading to increased police presence .Ang lungsod ay nakakita ng pagtaas sa **karahasan** sa nakaraang ilang buwan, na nagdulot ng mas maraming presensya ng pulisya.
political
political
[pang-uri]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

pampulitika

pampulitika

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .Ang media ay may mahalagang papel sa pagbibigay-alam sa publiko tungkol sa mga **pampulitika** na pag-unlad at sa pagpapanagot sa mga nahalal na opisyal.
unrest
unrest
[Pangngalan]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .Ang pagtaas ng presyo ng gasolina ay nagdulot ng **kaguluhan** sa mga manggagawa.
poverty
poverty
[Pangngalan]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

kahirapan

kahirapan

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.Ang charity ay nakatuon sa pagbibigay ng pagkain at tirahan sa mga nabubuhay sa **kahirapan**.
recession
recession
[Pangngalan]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recession

recession

Ex: Economists predicted that the recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .Inihula ng mga ekonomista na ang **recession** ay tatagal ng ilang quarter bago lumitaw ang mga palatandaan ng paggaling.
to float
to float
[Pandiwa]

to be in motion on a body of water or current of air at a slow pace

lumutang, magpadaloy

lumutang, magpadaloy

Ex: In the serene evening , the hot air balloon began to float gracefully across the sky .Sa tahimik na gabi, ang mainit na air balloon ay nagsimulang **lumutang** nang maganda sa kalangitan.
factory
factory
[Pangngalan]

a building or set of buildings in which products are made, particularly using machines

pabrika, paktorihan

pabrika, paktorihan

Ex: She toured the factory to see how the products were made .Naglibot siya sa **pabrika** para makita kung paano ginawa ang mga produkto.
to pump
to pump
[Pandiwa]

to make gas or liquid move in a certain direction using a mechanical action

magbomba, itulak

magbomba, itulak

Ex: The heart pumps blood throughout the circulatory system to supply the body with oxygen .Ang puso ay **nagbomba** ng dugo sa buong sistema ng sirkulasyon upang magbigay ng oxygen sa katawan.
to ignore
to ignore
[Pandiwa]

to intentionally pay no or little attention to someone or something

huwag pansinin, balewalain

huwag pansinin, balewalain

Ex: Over the years , he has successfully ignored unnecessary criticism to focus on his goals .Sa paglipas ng mga taon, matagumpay niyang **hindi pinansin** ang hindi kinakailangang pintas upang ituon ang kanyang mga layunin.
law
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.Mahalagang malaman ang iyong mga karapatan sa ilalim ng **batas**.
management
management
[Pangngalan]

the process or act of organizing or managing a group of people or an organization

pamamahala, pangangasiwa

pamamahala, pangangasiwa

Ex: Strong management practices can help foster a positive work environment and encourage collaboration among team members .Ang malakas na mga kasanayan sa **pamamahala** ay maaaring makatulong na mapalago ang isang positibong kapaligiran sa trabaho at hikayatin ang pakikipagtulungan sa pagitan ng mga miyembro ng koponan.
publicity
publicity
[Pangngalan]

actions or information that are meant to gain the support or attention of the public

publisidad,  promosyon

publisidad, promosyon

Ex: The movie studio hired a PR firm to increase the film 's publicity through interviews , posters , and trailer releases .Ang movie studio ay umupa ng isang PR firm upang madagdagan ang **publicity** ng pelikula sa pamamagitan ng mga interbyu, poster, at paglabas ng trailer.
executive
executive
[Pangngalan]

a person in a high-ranking position who is responsible for making important decisions in a company or organization

ehekutibo, mataas na ranggo na tagapamahala

ehekutibo, mataas na ranggo na tagapamahala

Ex: She met with other executives to discuss expansion plans .Nakipagkita siya sa iba pang **mga ehekutibo** upang talakayin ang mga plano ng pagpapalawak.
to stop
to stop
[Pandiwa]

to not move anymore

tumigil, huminto

tumigil, huminto

Ex: The traffic light turned red , so we had to stop at the intersection .Ang traffic light ay naging pula, kaya kailangan naming **huminto** sa intersection.
flight
flight
[Pangngalan]

a scheduled journey by an aircraft

lipad, byahe sa eroplano

lipad, byahe sa eroplano

Ex: The flight across the Atlantic took about seven hours .Ang **flight** sa kabila ng Atlantiko ay tumagal ng mga pitong oras.
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