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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Wika at Balarila

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa wika at gramatika, tulad ng "contraction", "voice", "syllable", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation
[Pangngalan]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

pagpapaikli, daglat

pagpapaikli, daglat

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them .Kapag nagsusulat ng ulat, siguraduhing tukuyin ang anumang **pagpapaikli** sa unang pagkakataon na gamitin mo ito.
contraction
[Pangngalan]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

pag-ikli, pinaikling anyo

pag-ikli, pinaikling anyo

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .Ang mga **contraction** ay madalas na ginagamit sa impormal na pagsusulat at pagsasalita.
dialect
[Pangngalan]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

diyalekto, wikain

diyalekto, wikain

Ex: Linguists study dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .
accent
[Pangngalan]

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

accent

accent

apostrophe
[Pangngalan]

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

apostrophe, simbolo ng apostrophe

apostrophe, simbolo ng apostrophe

Ex: His essay had multiple errors in the use of apostrophes.Ang kanyang sanaysay ay may maraming pagkakamali sa paggamit ng **apostrophe**.
article
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

pantukoy

pantukoy

Ex: The book provides exercises to help learners practice using articles correctly .Ang libro ay nagbibigay ng mga pagsasanay upang matulungan ang mga nag-aaral na magsanay sa tamang paggamit ng **artikulo**.
agreement
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

kasunduan, pagkakasundo

kasunduan, pagkakasundo

number
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

bilang, bilang panggramatika

bilang, bilang panggramatika

Ex: In languages like Spanish and French , nouns have gender as well as number, requiring agreement with adjectives and articles in both aspects .Sa mga wika tulad ng Espanyol at Pranses, ang mga pangngalan ay may kasarian pati na rin **bilang**, na nangangailangan ng pagkakasundo sa mga pang-uri at artikulo sa parehong aspeto.
syllable
[Pangngalan]

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

pantig, tunog

pantig, tunog

Ex: He emphasized the first syllable of the word " banana . "Binigyang-diin niya ang unang **pantig** ng salitang "saging".
vowel
[Pangngalan]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

patinig, tunog patinig

patinig, tunog patinig

Ex: The word " apple " begins with a vowel.Ang salitang "mansanas" ay nagsisimula sa isang **patinig**.
consonant
[Pangngalan]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

katinig, tunog katinig

katinig, tunog katinig

Ex: The poem had a pleasing rhythm because of the repeated consonant sounds .Ang tula ay may kaaya-ayang ritmo dahil sa paulit-ulit na **katinig** na tunog.
voice
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

tinig, tinig ng pandiwa

tinig, tinig ng pandiwa

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar.Ang pag-unawa kung kailan gagamitin ang aktibo o pasibong **tinig** ay isang mahalagang aspeto ng pagsusulat nang epektibo at pagpapahayag ng mga ideya nang malinaw sa gramatika ng Ingles.
auxiliary
[Pangngalan]

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

pandiwang pantulong

pandiwang pantulong

Ex: In the passive voice “ The cake was eaten , ” the verb “ was ” serves as an auxiliary to the main verb .Sa passive voice 'Ang cake ay kinain,' ang pandiwa 'ay' ay nagsisilbing **pantulong** sa pangunahing pandiwa.
complement
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication

komplemento, pandagdag

komplemento, pandagdag

compound
[pang-uri]

(of a word) formed by combining two or more separate words

tambalan, komplikado

tambalan, komplikado

Ex: The compound term "firefighter" joins "fire" and "fighter" to describe a specific profession.Ang **compound** na termino na "bumbero" ay pinagsama ang "apoy" at "mandirigma" upang ilarawan ang isang tiyak na propesyon.
conjunction
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

pangatnig, salitang nag-uugnay

pangatnig, salitang nag-uugnay

Ex: Understanding how to use conjunctions correctly can improve the flow and clarity of writing .Ang pag-unawa kung paano gamitin nang tama ang mga **pangatnig** ay maaaring mapabuti ang daloy at kalinawan ng pagsusulat.
prepositional
[pang-uri]

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

pang-ukol, kaugnay ng pang-ukol

pang-ukol, kaugnay ng pang-ukol

determiner
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

pantukoy, artikulo

pantukoy, artikulo

fluency
[Pangngalan]

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

kasanayan, katatasan

kasanayan, katatasan

Ex: He spoke with such fluency that no one realized it was n’t his native language .Nagsalita siya nang may **kasanayan** na walang nakaramdam na hindi iyon ang kanyang katutubong wika.
gerund
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

pangngalang pandiwa, anyo ng pandiwa na gumaganap bilang pangngalan

pangngalang pandiwa, anyo ng pandiwa na gumaganap bilang pangngalan

Ex: Gerunds are used to express actions or activities in a general or abstract sense , rather than as specific instances of action .Ang **gerunds** ay ginagamit upang ipahayag ang mga aksyon o aktibidad sa isang pangkalahatan o abstract na kahulugan, sa halip na bilang mga tiyak na halimbawa ng aksyon.
collocation
[Pangngalan]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of each collocation.Ipinaliwanag ng guro ang kahulugan ng bawat **kolokasyon**.
idiom
[Pangngalan]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

kawikaan, idyomatikong pahayag

kawikaan, idyomatikong pahayag

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .Ang **idiyoma** na 'piece of cake' ay tumutukoy sa isang bagay na napakadaling gawin, na walang kinalaman sa isang aktwal na piraso ng dessert.
slang
[Pangngalan]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

balbal, salitang kalye

balbal, salitang kalye

Ex: The slang term 'cop' is commonly used to refer to a police officer, originating from the verb 'to cop,' meaning to capture or arrest.Ang terminong **balbal** na 'cop' ay karaniwang ginagamit upang tumukoy sa isang pulis, na nagmula sa pandiwa na 'to cop', na nangangahulugang hulihin o arestuhin.
proverb
[Pangngalan]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

salawikain, kasabihan

salawikain, kasabihan

Ex: Many cultures have a version of the proverb ' The early bird catches the worm , ' which highlights the benefits of being proactive and starting tasks early .Maraming kultura ang may bersyon ng **salawikain** na 'Ang maagang ibon ay nakakahuli ng uod,' na nagpapakita ng mga benepisyo ng pagiging aktibo at pagsisimula ng mga gawain nang maaga.
imperative
[pang-uri]

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

imperatibo, utos

imperatibo, utos

Ex: The verb "Please pass the salt" is used in the imperative mood.Ang pandiwa na "Pakipasa ang asin" ay ginagamit sa **imperative** na mood.
interjection
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjeksyon, pabulalas

interjeksyon, pabulalas

Ex: During the debate , the speaker highlighted the importance of interjection in conveying emotions in speech .Sa panahon ng debate, binigyang-diin ng tagapagsalita ang kahalagahan ng **pandamdam** sa paghahatid ng emosyon sa pagsasalita.
intonation
[Pangngalan]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonasyon

intonasyon

Ex: Intonation is an important aspect of spoken language that helps listeners interpret the speaker 's attitude , mood , and intention , contributing to effective communication .Ang **intonation** ay isang mahalagang aspeto ng sinasalitang wika na tumutulong sa mga tagapakinig na maunawaan ang saloobin, mood, at intensyon ng nagsasalita, na nag-aambag sa mabisang komunikasyon.
transitive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

palipat, transitibo

palipat, transitibo

intransitive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

intransitibo, di-tumatanggap ng tuwirang layon

intransitibo, di-tumatanggap ng tuwirang layon

linguistic
[pang-uri]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

lingguwistiko, pangwika

lingguwistiko, pangwika

Ex: Linguistic barriers can make communication in multicultural teams challenging .Ang mga hadlang na **lingguwistiko** ay maaaring gawing mahirap ang komunikasyon sa mga multicultural team.
metaphor
[Pangngalan]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metapora, pigura ng pananalita

metapora, pigura ng pananalita

Ex: Her speech was filled with powerful metaphors that moved the audience .Ang kanyang talumpati ay puno ng makapangyarihang **metapora** na nagpakilos sa madla.
progressive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing

pauusad

pauusad

Ex: The difference between the simple and progressive tenses often involves the focus on the duration or continuity of an action.Ang pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng simpleng at **progressive** na panahunan ay madalas na nagsasangkot ng pagtuon sa tagal o pagpapatuloy ng isang aksyon.
punctuation
[Pangngalan]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

bantas

bantas

Ex: The editor pointed out several punctuation errors in the draft that needed to be corrected .Itinuro ng editor ang ilang mga error sa **bantas** sa draft na kailangang iwasto.
quote
[Pangngalan]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

sipi, pagsipi

sipi, pagsipi

Ex: " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself , " remains one of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's most memorable quotes from his inaugural address ."Ang tanging bagay na dapat nating katakutan ay ang takot mismo," nananatiling isa sa mga pinaka-memorable na **quote** ni Franklin D. Roosevelt mula sa kanyang inaugural address.
double negative
[Pangngalan]

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

dobleng negatibo, negatibong doble

dobleng negatibo, negatibong doble

Ex: The editor corrected the double negative in the manuscript to ensure clarity and accuracy .Inayos ng editor ang **dobleng negatibo** sa manuskrito upang matiyak ang kalinawan at katumpakan.
Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL
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