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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Wika at Balarila

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa wika at gramatika, tulad ng "contraction", "voice", "syllable", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Flashcards

Pagbaybay

Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Pangngalan]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

pagpapaikli, daglat

pagpapaikli, daglat

Ex: The textbook provided a key for all the abbreviations used throughout the chapters. 

Ang aklat-aralin ay nagbigay ng isang susi para sa lahat ng pagdadaglat na ginamit sa buong mga kabanata.

contraction
contraction
[Pangngalan]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

pag-ikli, pinaikling anyo

pag-ikli, pinaikling anyo

Ex: In casual speech, contractions like "don't" and "didn't" are frequently used. 

Sa pang-araw-araw na pagsasalita, ang mga pag-urong tulad ng "huwag" at "hindi" ay madalas gamitin.

dialect
dialect
[Pangngalan]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

diyalekto, wikain

diyalekto, wikain

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. 

Ang isang diyalekto ay isang uri ng wika na sinasalita ng isang partikular na grupo ng mga tao, na nailalarawan sa pamamagitan ng natatanging bokabularyo, gramatika, at pagbigkas.

accent
accent
[Pangngalan]

a distinctive way of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, country, or social group

aksent,  punto

aksent, punto

Ex: Maria speaks English with a slight Spanish accent. 
apostrophe
apostrophe
[Pangngalan]

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

apostrophe, simbolo ng apostrophe

apostrophe, simbolo ng apostrophe

Ex: The apostrophe in "can't" indicates the omission of the letter "o." 

Ang apostrophe sa "can't" ay nagpapahiwatig ng pag-alis ng letrang "o".

article
article
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

pantukoy

pantukoy

Ex: The teacher explained that 'the' is a definite article used to refer to specific items. 
agreement
agreement
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

kasunduan, pagkakasundo

kasunduan, pagkakasundo

Ex: In English, subjects and verbs must show agreement in number. 
number
number
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

bilang, bilang panggramatika

bilang, bilang panggramatika

Ex: In languages like Spanish and French, nouns have gender as well as number, requiring agreement with adjectives and articles in both aspects. 
syllable
syllable
[Pangngalan]

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

pantig, tunog

pantig, tunog

Ex: The word "apple" has two syllables. 

Ang salitang "mansanas" ay may dalawang pantig.

vowel
vowel
[Pangngalan]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

patinig, tunog patinig

patinig, tunog patinig

Ex: He practiced pronouncing each vowel clearly to improve his accent. 

Nagsanay siya sa pagbigkas ng bawat patinig nang malinaw upang mapabuti ang kanyang punto.

consonant
consonant
[Pangngalan]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

katinig, tunog katinig

katinig, tunog katinig

Ex: She struggled with blending consonants at the beginning of words during her reading lessons. 

Nahirapan siya sa paghahalo ng mga katinig sa simula ng mga salita sa kanyang mga aralin sa pagbasa.

voice
voice
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

tinig, tinig ng pandiwa

tinig, tinig ng pandiwa

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar. 
auxiliary
auxiliary
[Pangngalan]

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

pandiwang pantulong

pandiwang pantulong

Ex: In the sentence “She is running,” the verb "is" acts as an auxiliary to form the present continuous tense. 

Sa pangungusap na "Tumatakbo siya," ang pandiwa na "is" ay gumaganap bilang isang pantulong upang mabuo ang present continuous tense.

complement
complement
[Pangngalan]

a word, phrase, or clause that completes the meaning or grammatical structure of an expression

komplemento,  pantulong

komplemento, pantulong

Ex: In "She became a doctor," "a doctor" functions as a complement. 
compound
compound
[pang-uri]

formed from two or more words or meaningful word elements

tambalan, kompuwesto

tambalan, kompuwesto

Ex: Bedroom is a compound word formed from bed and room. 
conjunction
conjunction
[Pangngalan]

a word or expression that connects words, phrases, or clauses

pangatnig

pangatnig

Ex: In the sentence "Mia stayed home because she was sick," "because" is a conjunction. 
prepositional
prepositional
[pang-uri]

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

pang-ukol, kaugnay ng pang-ukol

pang-ukol, kaugnay ng pang-ukol

determiner
determiner
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

pantukoy, artikulo

pantukoy, artikulo

fluency
fluency
[Pangngalan]

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

kasanayan, katatasan

kasanayan, katatasan

Ex: She achieved fluency in Spanish after living in Mexico for two years. 

Nakamit niya ang kasanayan sa Espanyol pagkatapos manirahan sa Mexico sa loob ng dalawang taon.

gerund
gerund
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

pangngalang pandiwa, anyo ng pandiwa na gumaganap bilang pangngalan

pangngalang pandiwa, anyo ng pandiwa na gumaganap bilang pangngalan

Ex: A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun, ending in "-ing." 

Ang gerund ay isang anyo ng pandiwa na gumaganap bilang pangngalan, na nagtatapos sa "-ing".

collocation
collocation
[Pangngalan]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

Ex: In language learning, understanding collocations helps in using words in their most natural and common combinations. 

Sa pag-aaral ng wika, ang pag-unawa sa kolokasyon ay tumutulong sa paggamit ng mga salita sa kanilang pinaka-natural at karaniwang mga kombinasyon.

idiom
idiom
[Pangngalan]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

kawikaan, idyomatikong pahayag

kawikaan, idyomatikong pahayag

Ex: The idiom 'kick the bucket' means to die, and its meaning is quite different from the literal interpretation of kicking a bucket. 

Ang idiyoma na 'kick the bucket' ay nangangahulugang mamatay, at ang kahulugan nito ay medyo naiiba sa literal na interpretasyon ng pag-sipa sa isang balde.

slang
slang
[Pangngalan]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

balbal, salitang kalye

balbal, salitang kalye

Ex: Teenagers often use slang like 'lit' to describe something that is exciting or excellent, which may not be easily understood by older generations. 

Madalas gumamit ang mga tinedyer ng balbal tulad ng 'lit' upang ilarawan ang isang bagay na nakakasabik o mahusay, na maaaring hindi madaling maunawaan ng mga mas matatandang henerasyon.

proverb
proverb
[Pangngalan]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

salawikain, kasabihan

salawikain, kasabihan

Ex: A well-known proverb states, 'Actions speak louder than words,' emphasizing the importance of deeds over promises. 

Isang kilalang salawikain ang nagsasabing, 'Ang mga gawa ay mas malakas kaysa sa mga salita,' na nagbibigay-diin sa kahalagahan ng mga gawa kaysa sa mga pangako.

imperative
imperative
[pang-uri]

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

imperatibo, utos

imperatibo, utos

Ex: "Sit down" is an example of an imperative sentence. 

"Umupo" ay isang halimbawa ng pautos na pangungusap.

interjection
interjection
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjeksyon, pabulalas

interjeksyon, pabulalas

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class. 

Ipinaliwanag ng guro ang konsepto ng interjection sa klase ng gramatika.

intonation
intonation
[Pangngalan]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonasyon

intonasyon

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis. 
transitive
transitive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

palipat, transitibo

palipat, transitibo

intransitive
intransitive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

intransitibo, di-tumatanggap ng tuwirang layon

intransitibo, di-tumatanggap ng tuwirang layon

linguistic
linguistic
[pang-uri]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

lingguwistiko, pangwika

lingguwistiko, pangwika

Ex: Linguistic research explores the intricacies of language acquisition, syntax, and phonetics. 

Ang pananaliksik pangwika ay nagtutuon sa mga kumplikado ng pagkatuto ng wika, sintaks, at ponetika.

metaphor
metaphor
[Pangngalan]

a figure of speech in which a word or expression is used to describe something by implying a comparison with something else

metapora, pagwawangis

metapora, pagwawangis

Ex: The poet uses fire as a metaphor for passion. 
progressive
progressive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb form or aspect that presents an action or situation as continuing

progresibo, nagpapatuloy

progresibo, nagpapatuloy

Ex: "She is reading" contains a progressive verb form. 
punctuation
punctuation
[Pangngalan]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

bantas

bantas

Ex: She reviewed her essay carefully to ensure that all punctuation was used correctly. 

Muling sinuri niya nang maingat ang kanyang sanaysay upang matiyak na ang lahat ng bantas ay ginamit nang tama.

quote
quote
[Pangngalan]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

sipi, pagsipi

sipi, pagsipi

Ex: "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself," remains one of Franklin D. Roosevelt's most memorable quotes from his inaugural address. 
double negative
double negative
[Pangngalan]

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

dobleng negatibo, negatibong doble

dobleng negatibo, negatibong doble

Ex: In standard grammar, a double negative can create confusion, as it often results in a positive meaning. 

Sa karaniwang balarila, ang isang dobleng negatibo ay maaaring lumikha ng pagkalito, dahil madalas itong nagreresulta sa positibong kahulugan.

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