pattern

Kosakata Penting untuk TOEFL - Bahasa dan Tata Bahasa

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang bahasa dan tata bahasa, seperti "contraction", "voice", "syllable", dll. yang dibutuhkan untuk ujian TOEFL.

Tinjauan

Kartu flash

Ejaan

Kuis

Mulai belajar
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Kata benda]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

singkatan, kependekan

singkatan, kependekan

Ex: The abbreviation 'CEO' stands for Chief Executive Officer. 

Singkatan 'CEO' adalah singkatan dari Chief Executive Officer.

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contraction
contraction
[Kata benda]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

kontraksi, bentuk pendek

kontraksi, bentuk pendek

Ex: The contraction "we've" stands for "we have." 

Kontraksi "we've" berarti "we have".

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dialect
dialect
[Kata benda]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialek, logat

dialek, logat

Ex: Social dialects, such as sociolects and ethnolects, can be influenced by factors such as social class, ethnicity, or education level. 

Dialek sosial, seperti sosiolek dan etnolek, dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti kelas sosial, etnis, atau tingkat pendidikan.

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accent
accent
[Kata benda]

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

aksen

aksen

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apostrophe
apostrophe
[Kata benda]

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

tanda petik tunggal, simbol apostrof

tanda petik tunggal, simbol apostrof

Ex: The apostrophe in "it's" distinguishes it from "its," which is possessive. 

Apostrof dalam "it's" membedakannya dari "its," yang bersifat posesif.

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article
article
[Kata benda]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

artikel

artikel

Ex: The teacher explained that 'the' is a definite article used to refer to specific items. 

Guru menjelaskan bahwa 'the' adalah artikel pasti yang digunakan untuk merujuk pada item tertentu.

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agreement
agreement
[Kata benda]

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

kesepakatan, persetujuan

kesepakatan, persetujuan

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number
number
[Kata benda]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

jumlah, jumlah gramatikal

jumlah, jumlah gramatikal

Ex: The number of students in the classroom determines whether the teacher uses singular or plural pronouns when addressing them. 

Jumlah siswa di dalam kelas menentukan apakah guru menggunakan kata ganti tunggal atau jamak ketika berbicara kepada mereka.

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syllable
syllable
[Kata benda]

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

suku kata, bunyi

suku kata, bunyi

Ex: Each syllable in the poem must match the rhythm. 

Setiap suku kata dalam puisi harus sesuai dengan irama.

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vowel
vowel
[Kata benda]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

vokal, bunyi vokal

vokal, bunyi vokal

Ex: Vowel changes in different languages can significantly affect pronunciation and meaning. 

Perubahan vokal dalam berbagai bahasa dapat secara signifikan mempengaruhi pengucapan dan makna.

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consonant
consonant
[Kata benda]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

konsonan, bunyi konsonan

konsonan, bunyi konsonan

Ex: The teacher explained that consonants are speech sounds made by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. 

Guru menjelaskan bahwa konsonan adalah bunyi ujaran yang dihasilkan dengan menghalangi aliran udara di saluran vokal.

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voice
voice
[Kata benda]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

suara, suara kata kerja

suara, suara kata kerja

Ex: The teacher instructed the students to rewrite their essays in the active voice to make their writing more direct and engaging. 

Guru memerintahkan siswa untuk menulis ulang esai mereka dalam suara aktif agar tulisan mereka lebih langsung dan menarik.

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auxiliary
auxiliary
[Kata benda]

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

kata kerja bantu

kata kerja bantu

Ex: In the sentence They have finished their homework, the verb have functions as an auxiliary. 

Dalam kalimat «Mereka telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah mereka», kata kerja «telah» berfungsi sebagai bantu.

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complement
complement
[Kata benda]

a word or phrase that completes the meaning of a grammatical expression

pelengkap, pelengkap gramatikal

pelengkap, pelengkap gramatikal

Ex: Grammarians distinguish between subject and object complements. 

Para ahli tata bahasa membedakan antara pelengkap subjek dan pelengkap objek.

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compound
compound
[Adjektiva]

(of a word) formed by combining two or more separate words

majemuk, kompleks

majemuk, kompleks

Ex: Compound words can be written with or without a hyphen, like "high school" or "well-being." 

Kata majemuk dapat ditulis dengan atau tanpa tanda hubung, seperti "sekolah menengah" atau "kesejahteraan".

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conjunction
conjunction
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

konjungsi, kata penghubung

konjungsi, kata penghubung

Ex: In compound sentences, conjunctions are essential for linking ideas and creating coherence. 

Dalam kalimat majemuk, konjungsi sangat penting untuk menghubungkan ide dan menciptakan koherensi.

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prepositional
prepositional
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

preposisional, berkaitan dengan preposisi

preposisional, berkaitan dengan preposisi

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determiner
determiner
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

determiner, artikel

determiner, artikel

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fluency
fluency
[Kata benda]

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

kelancaran, kemahiran

kelancaran, kemahiran

Ex: He practiced daily to improve his fluency in French. 

Dia berlatih setiap hari untuk meningkatkan kelancaran bahasa Prancisnya.

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gerund
gerund
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

gerund, bentuk kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda

gerund, bentuk kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda

Ex: Gerunds can serve as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. 

Gerund dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek, atau pelengkap dalam kalimat.

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collocation
collocation
[Kata benda]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokasi, kombinasi kata

kolokasi, kombinasi kata

Ex: He found that learning collocations was more effective than memorizing individual vocabulary words. 

Dia menemukan bahwa mempelajari kolokasi lebih efektif daripada menghafal kata-kata kosakata individual.

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idiom
idiom
[Kata benda]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, ungkapan idiomatik

idiom, ungkapan idiomatik

Ex: The phrase 'spill the beans' is an idiom that means to reveal a secret, rather than literally causing beans to fall. 

Frasa 'spill the beans' adalah sebuah idiom yang berarti mengungkapkan rahasia, bukan secara harfiah menjatuhkan kacang.

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slang
slang
[Kata benda]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

slang, bahasa gaul

slang, bahasa gaul

Ex: Internet slang such as 'LOL' (laugh out loud) and 'BRB' (be right back) has become widely recognized and used in online communication. 

Slang Internet seperti 'LOL' (tertawa terbahak-bahak) dan 'BRB' (segera kembali) telah menjadi sangat dikenal dan digunakan dalam komunikasi online.

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proverb
proverb
[Kata benda]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

peribahasa, pepatah

peribahasa, pepatah

Ex: One common proverb in English is 'Don't count your chickens before they hatch,' which means you shouldn't assume success until it actually happens. 

Salah satu pepatah umum dalam bahasa Inggris adalah 'Jangan menghitung ayam sebelum menetas,' yang berarti Anda tidak boleh berasumsi berhasil sampai itu benar-benar terjadi.

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imperative
imperative
[Adjektiva]

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

imperatif, perintah

imperatif, perintah

Ex: In the sentence "Please pass the salt," "pass" is in the imperative mood. 

Dalam kalimat "Tolong operkan garam," "operkan" berada dalam mood imperatif.

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interjection
interjection
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjeksi, kata seru

interjeksi, kata seru

Ex: The linguist discussed the various functions of interjection in language. 

Ahli bahasa membahas berbagai fungsi interjeksi dalam bahasa.

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intonation
intonation
[Kata benda]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonasi

intonasi

Ex: In some languages, intonation can change the meaning of a word or phrase, as in Mandarin Chinese, where different intonation patterns distinguish between words with the same phonetic sounds. 

Dalam beberapa bahasa, intonasi dapat mengubah arti sebuah kata atau frasa, seperti dalam bahasa Mandarin, di mana pola intonasi yang berbeda membedakan antara kata-kata dengan suara fonetik yang sama.

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transitive
transitive
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

transitif, kata kerja transitif

transitif, kata kerja transitif

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intransitive
intransitive
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

intransitif, taktransitif

intransitif, taktransitif

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linguistic
linguistic
[Adjektiva]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

linguistik, kebahasaan

linguistik, kebahasaan

Ex: The study examined linguistic patterns in regional dialects. 

Studi ini menguji pola linguistik dalam dialek regional.

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metaphor
metaphor
[Kata benda]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metafora, gaya bahasa

metafora, gaya bahasa

Ex: His writing style relies heavily on vivid metaphors and imagery. 

Gaya tulisannya sangat bergantung pada metafora yang hidup dan citra.

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progressive
progressive
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing

progresif

progresif

Ex: The teacher explained that the progressive tense is used to describe actions that are ongoing. 

Guru menjelaskan bahwa bentuk progresif digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung.

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punctuation
punctuation
[Kata benda]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

tanda baca

tanda baca

Ex: The teacher emphasized the importance of punctuation in conveying the intended meaning of a sentence. 

Guru menekankan pentingnya tanda baca dalam menyampaikan makna yang dimaksud dari sebuah kalimat.

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quote
quote
[Kata benda]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

kutipan, petikan

kutipan, petikan

Ex: The famous quote from Martin Luther King Jr., "I have a dream," continues to resonate with people around the world. 

Kutipan terkenal dari Martin Luther King Jr., "Saya memiliki mimpi," terus bergema dengan orang-orang di seluruh dunia.

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double negative
double negative
[Kata benda]

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

negatif ganda, ganda negatif

negatif ganda, ganda negatif

Ex: The sentence "We haven't seen no one" uses a double negative, implying that they have seen someone. 

Kalimat "Kami belum melihat siapa pun" menggunakan negatif ganda, yang menyiratkan bahwa mereka telah melihat seseorang.

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