TOEFL을 위한 필수 어휘 - 언어와 문법

the shortened form of a word, etc.

약어, 축약어

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

축약형, 수축

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

방언

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

억양, 강세

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

아포스트로피, 아포스트로피 기호

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

정관사, 부정관사

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

합의, 일치

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

숫자, 번호

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

음절

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

모음

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

자음

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

음성 (문법), 능동 음성/수동 음성

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

조동사

(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication

보어

(of a word) consisting of two or more parts

복합의, 합성의

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

접속사

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

전치사의, 전치사와 관련된

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

한정사, 관사

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

유창함, 능숙함

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

동명사, 동명사

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

콜로케이션, 단어 조합

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

관용구, 관용 표현

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

속어, 슬랭

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

속담

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

명령형의, 명령적인

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

감탄사, 간접화법

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

억양

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

타동사, 직접 목적어가 필요한

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

자동사, 타동사가 아닌

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

언어학적

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

은유

(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing

진행형의, 진행적인

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

구두점

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

인용구, 명언

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

이중 부정, 더블 네거티브