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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Lengua y Gramática

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre lenguaje y gramática, como "contraction", "voice", "syllable", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Sustantivo]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

abreviatura

abreviatura

Ex: The textbook provided a key for all the abbreviations used throughout the chapters. 

El libro de texto proporcionó una clave para todas las abreviaturas utilizadas a lo largo de los capítulos.

contraction
contraction
[Sustantivo]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contracción

contracción

Ex: The contraction "we've" stands for "we have." 

La contracción "we've" significa "we have".

dialect
dialect
[Sustantivo]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialecto

dialecto

Ex: Social dialects, such as sociolects and ethnolects, can be influenced by factors such as social class, ethnicity, or education level. 

Los dialectos sociales, como los sociolectos y los etnolectos, pueden estar influenciados por factores como la clase social, la etnia o el nivel educativo.

accent
accent
[Sustantivo]

a distinctive way of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, country, or social group

acento

acento

Ex: His accent became less noticeable after years of living in Chicago. 
apostrophe
apostrophe
[Sustantivo]

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

apóstrofo

apóstrofo

Ex: The apostrophe in "it's" distinguishes it from "its," which is possessive. 

El apóstrofe en "it's" lo distingue de "its", que es posesivo.

article
article
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

artículo

artículo

Ex: Articles in English can be tricky for non-native speakers because their use varies depending on whether a noun is specific or general. 
agreement
agreement
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

concordancia

concordancia

Ex: Some languages require agreement between nouns and adjectives. 
number
number
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

número

número

Ex: The number of students in the classroom determines whether the teacher uses singular or plural pronouns when addressing them. 
syllable
syllable
[Sustantivo]

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

sílaba

sílaba

Ex: Each syllable in the poem must match the rhythm. 

Cada sílaba en el poema debe coincidir con el ritmo.

vowel
vowel
[Sustantivo]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

vocal

vocal

Ex: Vowel changes in different languages can significantly affect pronunciation and meaning. 

Los cambios de vocal en diferentes idiomas pueden afectar significativamente la pronunciación y el significado.

consonant
consonant
[Sustantivo]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

consonante

consonante

Ex: She struggled with blending consonants at the beginning of words during her reading lessons. 

Ella tuvo dificultades para mezclar las consonantes al principio de las palabras durante sus lecciones de lectura.

voice
voice
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

voz

voz

Ex: The teacher instructed the students to rewrite their essays in the active voice to make their writing more direct and engaging. 
auxiliary
auxiliary
[Sustantivo]

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

verbo auxiliar, auxiliar

verbo auxiliar, auxiliar

Ex: In the sentence “They have finished their homework,” the verb “have” functions as an auxiliary. 

En la oración « Ellos han terminado su tarea », el verbo « han » funciona como un auxiliar.

complement
complement
[Sustantivo]

a word, phrase, or clause that completes the meaning or grammatical structure of an expression

complemento

complemento

Ex: Some verbs require a complement to complete their meaning. 
compound
compound
[Adjetivo]

formed from two or more words or meaningful word elements

compuesto

compuesto

Ex: Some compound adjectives are written with a hyphen. 
conjunction
conjunction
[Sustantivo]

a word or expression that connects words, phrases, or clauses

conjunción

conjunción

Ex: "And" is one of the most common conjunctions in English. 
prepositional
prepositional
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

preposicional

preposicional

determiner
determiner
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

determinante

determinante

fluency
fluency
[Sustantivo]

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

fluidez

fluidez

Ex: He practiced daily to improve his fluency in French. 

Practicaba diariamente para mejorar su fluidez en francés.

gerund
gerund
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

gerundio

gerundio

Ex: Gerunds can serve as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. 

Los gerundios pueden funcionar como sujetos, objetos o complementos en una oración.

collocation
collocation
[Sustantivo]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

colocación, coaparición

colocación, coaparición

Ex: He found that learning collocations was more effective than memorizing individual vocabulary words. 

Él descubrió que aprender colocaciones era más efectivo que memorizar palabras de vocabulario individuales.

idiom
idiom
[Sustantivo]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

modismo, giro

modismo, giro

Ex: The phrase 'spill the beans' is an idiom that means to reveal a secret, rather than literally causing beans to fall. 

La frase 'spill the beans' es un modismo que significa revelar un secreto, en lugar de hacer caer frijoles literalmente.

slang
slang
[Sustantivo]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

argot, jerga

argot, jerga

Ex: Internet slang such as 'LOL' (laugh out loud) and 'BRB' (be right back) has become widely recognized and used in online communication. 

La jerga de Internet como 'LOL' (reírse a carcajadas) y 'BRB' (vuelvo enseguida) se ha vuelto ampliamente reconocida y utilizada en la comunicación en línea.

proverb
proverb
[Sustantivo]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

refrán, proverbio

refrán, proverbio

Ex: One common proverb in English is 'Don't count your chickens before they hatch,' which means you shouldn't assume success until it actually happens. 

Un proverbio común en inglés es 'No cuentes los pollos antes de que nazcan', lo que significa que no debes asumir el éxito hasta que realmente suceda.

imperative
imperative
[Adjetivo]

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

imperativo

imperativo

Ex: In the sentence "Please pass the salt," "pass" is in the imperative mood. 

En la oración "Por favor, pasa la sal", "pasa" está en el modo imperativo.

interjection
interjection
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjección, exclamación

interjección, exclamación

Ex: The linguist discussed the various functions of interjection in language. 

El lingüista discutió las diversas funciones de la interjección en el lenguaje.

intonation
intonation
[Sustantivo]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

entonación

entonación

Ex: In some languages, intonation can change the meaning of a word or phrase, as in Mandarin Chinese, where different intonation patterns distinguish between words with the same phonetic sounds. 
transitive
transitive
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

transitivo

transitivo

intransitive
intransitive
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

intransitivo

intransitivo

linguistic
linguistic
[Adjetivo]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

lingüístico

lingüístico

Ex: The study examined linguistic patterns in regional dialects. 

El estudio examinó los patrones lingüísticos en los dialectos regionales.

metaphor
metaphor
[Sustantivo]

a figure of speech in which a word or expression is used to describe something by implying a comparison with something else

metáfora

metáfora

Ex: The author develops the metaphor throughout the novel. 
progressive
progressive
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) describing a verb form or aspect that presents an action or situation as continuing

continuo

continuo

Ex: English commonly forms progressive constructions with "be" and a present participle. 
punctuation
punctuation
[Sustantivo]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

puntuación

puntuación

Ex: The teacher emphasized the importance of punctuation in conveying the intended meaning of a sentence. 

El profesor enfatizó la importancia de la puntuación para transmitir el significado deseado de una oración.

quote
quote
[Sustantivo]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

cita

cita

Ex: The famous quote from Martin Luther King Jr., "I have a dream," continues to resonate with people around the world. 
double negative
double negative
[Sustantivo]

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

doble negación, múltiple negación

doble negación, múltiple negación

Ex: The sentence "We haven't seen no one" uses a double negative, implying that they have seen someone. 

La frase "No hemos visto a nadie" usa una doble negación, lo que implica que han visto a alguien.

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