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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Lengua y Gramática

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre lenguaje y gramática, como "contraction", "voice", "syllable", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Sustantivo]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

abreviatura

abreviatura

Ex: When writing a report , be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them .

Al escribir un informe, asegúrese de definir cualquier abreviatura la primera vez que la utilice.

contraction
contraction
[Sustantivo]

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

contracción

contracción

Ex: Contractions are often used in informal writing and speech .

Las contracciones se usan a menudo en la escritura y el habla informales.

dialect
dialect
[Sustantivo]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialecto

dialecto

Ex: Linguists study dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .

Los lingüistas estudian los dialectos para comprender mejor la variación y el cambio del lenguaje, así como los factores sociales y culturales que moldean la diversidad lingüística.

accent
accent
[Sustantivo]

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

acento

acento

apostrophe
apostrophe
[Sustantivo]

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

apóstrofo

apóstrofo

Ex: His essay had multiple errors in the use of apostrophes.

Su ensayo tenía múltiples errores en el uso de los apóstrofos.

article
article
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

artículo

artículo

Ex: The book provides exercises to help learners practice using articles correctly .

El libro proporciona ejercicios para ayudar a los estudiantes a practicar el uso correcto de los artículos.

agreement
agreement
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

concordancia

concordancia

number
number
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

número

número

Ex: In languages like Spanish and French , nouns have gender as well as number, requiring agreement with adjectives and articles in both aspects .

En idiomas como el español y el francés, los sustantivos tienen género y también número, lo que requiere concordancia con los adjetivos y artículos en ambos aspectos.

syllable
syllable
[Sustantivo]

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

sílaba

sílaba

Ex: He emphasized the first syllable of the word " banana . "

Él enfatizó la primera sílaba de la palabra "plátano".

vowel
vowel
[Sustantivo]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

vocal

vocal

Ex: The word " apple " begins with a vowel.

La palabra "apple" comienza con una vocal.

consonant
consonant
[Sustantivo]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

consonante

consonante

Ex: The poem had a pleasing rhythm because of the repeated consonant sounds .

El poema tenía un ritmo agradable debido a los sonidos consonantes repetidos.

voice
voice
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

voz

voz

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar.

Entender cuándo usar la voz activa o pasiva es un aspecto importante para escribir de manera efectiva y comunicar ideas claramente en la gramática inglesa.

auxiliary
auxiliary
[Sustantivo]

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

verbo auxiliar, auxiliar

verbo auxiliar, auxiliar

Ex: In the passive voice “ The cake was eaten , ” the verb “ was ” serves as an auxiliary to the main verb .

En la voz pasiva 'El pastel fue comido', el verbo 'fue' sirve como auxiliar al verbo principal.

complement
complement
[Sustantivo]

a word or phrase that completes the meaning of a grammatical expression

complemento

complemento

Ex: The complement often provides essential information about the subject .

El complemento a menudo proporciona información esencial sobre el sujeto.

compound
compound
[Adjetivo]

(of a word) formed by combining two or more separate words

compuesto

compuesto

Ex: The compound term "firefighter" joins "fire" and "fighter" to describe a specific profession.

El término compuesto "bombero" une "fuego" y "combatiente" para describir una profesión específica.

conjunction
conjunction
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

conjunción

conjunción

Ex: Understanding how to use conjunctions correctly can improve the flow and clarity of writing .

Comprender cómo usar las conjunciones correctamente puede mejorar la fluidez y claridad de la escritura.

prepositional
prepositional
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

preposicional

preposicional

determiner
determiner
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

determinante

determinante

fluency
fluency
[Sustantivo]

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

fluidez

fluidez

Ex: He spoke with such fluency that no one realized it was n’t his native language .

Hablaba con tal fluidez que nadie se dio cuenta de que no era su lengua materna.

gerund
gerund
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

gerundio

gerundio

Ex: Gerunds are used to express actions or activities in a general or abstract sense , rather than as specific instances of action .

Los gerundios se utilizan para expresar acciones o actividades en un sentido general o abstracto, en lugar de como instancias específicas de acción.

collocation
collocation
[Sustantivo]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

colocación, coaparición

colocación, coaparición

Ex: The teacher explained the meaning of each collocation.

El profesor explicó el significado de cada colocación.

idiom
idiom
[Sustantivo]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

modismo, giro

modismo, giro

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .

El idioma 'piece of cake' se refiere a algo que es muy fácil de hacer, que no tiene nada que ver con un pedazo real de postre.

slang
slang
[Sustantivo]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

argot, jerga

argot, jerga

Ex: The slang term 'cop' is commonly used to refer to a police officer, originating from the verb 'to cop,' meaning to capture or arrest.

El término jerga 'cop' se usa comúnmente para referirse a un oficial de policía, originado del verbo 'to cop', que significa capturar o arrestar.

proverb
proverb
[Sustantivo]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

refrán, proverbio

refrán, proverbio

Ex: Many cultures have a version of the proverb ' The early bird catches the worm , ' which highlights the benefits of being proactive and starting tasks early .

Muchas culturas tienen una versión del proverbio 'A quien madruga, Dios le ayuda', que destaca los beneficios de ser proactivo y comenzar las tareas temprano.

imperative
imperative
[Adjetivo]

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

imperativo

imperativo

Ex: The verb "Please pass the salt" is used in the imperative mood.

El verbo "Por favor pasa la sal" se usa en el modo imperativo.

interjection
interjection
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjección, exclamación

interjección, exclamación

Ex: During the debate , the speaker highlighted the importance of interjection in conveying emotions in speech .

Durante el debate, el orador destacó la importancia de la interjección para transmitir emociones en el discurso.

intonation
intonation
[Sustantivo]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

entonación

entonación

Ex: Intonation is an important aspect of spoken language that helps listeners interpret the speaker 's attitude , mood , and intention , contributing to effective communication .

La entonación es un aspecto importante del lenguaje hablado que ayuda a los oyentes a interpretar la actitud, el estado de ánimo y la intención del hablante, contribuyendo a una comunicación efectiva.

transitive
transitive
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

transitivo

transitivo

intransitive
intransitive
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

intransitivo

intransitivo

linguistic
linguistic
[Adjetivo]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

lingüístico

lingüístico

Ex: Linguistic barriers can make communication in multicultural teams challenging .

Las barreras lingüísticas pueden hacer que la comunicación en equipos multiculturales sea un desafío.

metaphor
metaphor
[Sustantivo]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metáfora

metáfora

Ex: Her speech was filled with powerful metaphors that moved the audience .

Su discurso estaba lleno de metáforas poderosas que conmovieron al público.

progressive
progressive
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing

continuo

continuo

Ex: The difference between the simple and progressive tenses often involves the focus on the duration or continuity of an action.

La diferencia entre los tiempos simple y progresivo a menudo implica el enfoque en la duración o continuidad de una acción.

punctuation
punctuation
[Sustantivo]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

puntuación

puntuación

Ex: The editor pointed out several punctuation errors in the draft that needed to be corrected .

El editor señaló varios errores de puntuación en el borrador que necesitaban ser corregidos.

quote
quote
[Sustantivo]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

cita

cita

Ex: " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself , " remains one of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's most memorable quotes from his inaugural address .

"Lo único que debemos temer es al miedo mismo", sigue siendo una de las citas más memorables de Franklin D. Roosevelt de su discurso inaugural.

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