pattern

TOEFL için Gerekli Kelime Bilgisi - Dil ve Dilbilgisi

Burada, TOEFL sınavı için gerekli olan "kısaltma", "ses", "hece" gibi dil ve gramer hakkında bazı İngilizce kelimeler öğreneceksiniz.

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Öğrenmeye başla
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation

the shortened form of a word, etc.

kısaltma

kısaltma

Ex: The abbreviation 'CEO' stands for Chief Executive Officer. 
contraction

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

kısalma

kısalma

Ex: In casual speech, contractions like "don't" and "didn't" are frequently used. 
dialect
dialect
[isim]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

lehçe

lehçe

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. 
accent
accent
[isim]

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

şive, aksan

şive, aksan

apostrophe

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

kesme işareti

kesme işareti

Ex: The apostrophe in "can't" indicates the omission of the letter "o." 
article
article
[isim]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

tanımlık

tanımlık

Ex: The teacher explained that 'the' is a definite article used to refer to specific items. 
agreement
agreement
[isim]

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

mutabakat

mutabakat

number
number
[isim]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

sayı

sayı

Ex: In English grammar, the number of a noun or pronoun indicates whether it is singular or plural, affecting the form of verbs and pronouns in a sentence. 
syllable
syllable
[isim]

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

hece

hece

Ex: The word "apple" has two syllables. 
vowel
vowel
[isim]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

sesli harf

sesli harf

Ex: He practiced pronouncing each vowel clearly to improve his accent. 
consonant
consonant
[isim]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

ünsüz

ünsüz

Ex: The teacher explained that consonants are speech sounds made by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. 
voice
voice
[isim]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

fiil yönelimi

fiil yönelimi

Ex: Active voice, on the other hand, is used when the subject of a sentence performs the action expressed by the verb. 
auxiliary
auxiliary
[isim]

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

yardımcı fiil

yardımcı fiil

Ex: In the sentence “She is running,” the verb "is" acts as an auxiliary to form the present continuous tense. 
complement

a word or phrase that completes the meaning of a grammatical expression

tamlama

tamlama

Ex: In "She made him angry," the word angry is a complement. 
compound
compound
[sıfat]

(of a word) formed by combining two or more separate words

bileşik

bileşik

Ex: "Snowman" is a compound word made from "snow" and "man." 
conjunction

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

bağlaç

bağlaç

Ex: In compound sentences, conjunctions are essential for linking ideas and creating coherence. 
prepositional

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

edatsal

edatsal

determiner

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

belirteç

belirteç

fluency
fluency
[isim]

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

akıcılık

akıcılık

Ex: She achieved fluency in Spanish after living in Mexico for two years. 
gerund
gerund
[isim]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

zarf-fiil, ulaç

zarf-fiil, ulaç

Ex: A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun, ending in "-ing." 
collocation

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

birlikte kullanım

birlikte kullanım

Ex: In language learning, understanding collocations helps in using words in their most natural and common combinations. 
idiom
idiom
[isim]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

deyim

deyim

Ex: The idiom 'kick the bucket' means to die, and its meaning is quite different from the literal interpretation of kicking a bucket. 
slang
slang
[isim]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

argo

argo

Ex: Teenagers often use slang like 'lit' to describe something that is exciting or excellent, which may not be easily understood by older generations. 
proverb
proverb
[isim]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

atasözü

atasözü

Ex: A well-known proverb states, 'Actions speak louder than words,' emphasizing the importance of deeds over promises. 
imperative
imperative
[sıfat]

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

emir kipi

emir kipi

Ex: "Sit down" is an example of an imperative sentence. 
interjection

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

ünlem

ünlem

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class. 
intonation

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

tonlama

tonlama

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis. 
transitive
transitive
[sıfat]

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

geçişli

geçişli

intransitive
intransitive
[sıfat]

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

geçişsiz

geçişsiz

linguistic
linguistic
[sıfat]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

dilbilimsel

dilbilimsel

Ex: Linguistic research explores the intricacies of language acquisition, syntax, and phonetics. 
metaphor
metaphor
[isim]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

mecaz

mecaz

Ex: He used the metaphor of a journey to describe the process of personal growth. 
progressive
progressive
[sıfat]

(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing

devamlılık belirten

devamlılık belirten

Ex: The teacher explained that the progressive tense is used to describe actions that are ongoing. 
punctuation

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

noktalama

noktalama

Ex: She reviewed her essay carefully to ensure that all punctuation was used correctly. 
quote
quote
[isim]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

iktibas

iktibas

Ex: The quote "All that glitters is not gold" serves as a timeless reminder to look beyond appearances. 
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