托福必备词汇 - 语言和语法

在这里,你将学习一些关于语言和语法的英语单词,如“contraction”、“voice”、“syllable”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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托福必备词汇
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缩写

Ex: The abbreviation ' CEO ' stands for Chief Executive Officer .

缩写 'CEO' 代表Chief Executive Officer。

contraction [名词]
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缩略

Ex: When writing informally , contractions make the language feel more relaxed .

非正式写作时,缩略词让语言感觉更轻松。

dialect [名词]
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方言

Ex:

英语中的区域性方言,例如英式英语、美式英语和澳大利亚英语,在发音、词汇甚至语法规则上有所不同。

apostrophe [名词]
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撇号

Ex: Use an apostrophe to show possession , as in " Jessica 's book . "

使用撇号来表示所有,如"杰西卡的书"。

article [名词]
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冠词

Ex: The teacher explained that 'the' is a definite article used to refer to specific items.

老师解释说'the'是一个用来指代特定项目的定冠词。

number [名词]
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Ex: The subject-verb agreement rule states that a singular subject must agree with a singular verb in number , while a plural subject must agree with a plural verb .

主谓一致规则规定,单数主语必须在上与单数动词一致,而复数主语必须与复数动词一致。

syllable [名词]
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音节

Ex: She broke the word " fantastic " into syllables to help her spell it correctly .

她把“fantastic”这个词分解成音节以帮助她正确拼写。

vowel [名词]
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元音

Ex: The word ' cat ' contains a single vowel , while ' elephant ' has three vowels .

单词'cat'包含一个元音,而'elephant'有三个元音。

consonant [名词]
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辅音

Ex: The teacher explained that consonants are speech sounds made by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract .

老师解释说,辅音是通过在声道中阻碍气流而产生的语音。

voice [名词]
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语态

Ex:

在英语语法中,当句子的主语被动词作用而不是执行动作本身时,使用被动语态

auxiliary [名词]
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助动词

Ex: The sentence She does not like coffee uses " does " as an auxiliary to form the negative .

句子“她不喜欢咖啡”使用“does”作为助动词来构成否定。

complement [名词]
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a word or phrase that completes the meaning of a grammatical expression

Ex: The verb become requires a complement to finish its meaning .
compound [形容词]
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复合

Ex:

像“牙刷”这样的复合名词结合了“牙”和“刷”。

conjunction [名词]
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连词

Ex:

语法测验测试了学生识别和正确使用从属连词的能力。

fluency [名词]
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流利

Ex: Fluency in English is required for many international job positions .

许多国际职位需要英语流利

gerund [名词]
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动名词

Ex: Examples of gerunds include " swimming , " " reading , " and " writing . "

动名词的例子包括“游泳”、“阅读”和“写作”。

collocation [名词]
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搭配

Ex: She studied collocations to improve her fluency and sound more like a native speaker .

她研究了搭配以提高她的流利度,听起来更像母语者。

idiom [名词]
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习语

Ex: When someone says ' it 's raining cats and dogs , ' they 're using an idiom to describe very heavy rain , not an actual downpour of animals .

当有人说'下倾盆大雨'时,他们是在用习语来描述非常大的雨,而不是真正的动物雨。

slang [名词]
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俚语

Ex: In the 1920s , ' the bee 's knees ' was popular slang for something outstanding or extraordinary .

在1920年代,'the bee's knees'是表示出色或非凡事物的流行俚语

proverb [名词]
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谚语

Ex: The proverb ' A stitch in time saves nine ' advises that addressing problems early can prevent them from becoming larger issues .

谚语'及时一针省九针'建议及早解决问题可以防止它们变成更大的问题。

imperative [形容词]
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祈使的

Ex:

动词的命令式用于发出直接命令。

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感叹词

Ex: She used the word ' interjection ' in her English essay to demonstrate her understanding of grammar .

她在英语作文中使用了感叹词这个词来展示她对语法的理解。

intonation [名词]
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语调

Ex: Different languages have distinct intonation patterns , such as the rising intonation at the end of yes-no questions in English , as in ' Are you coming ?

不同的语言有不同的语调模式,例如英语中是非问句末尾的升调,如'Are you coming?'

linguistic [形容词]
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语言学的

Ex: The linguistic diversity of the world 's languages is a topic of interest for linguists studying language typology .

世界语言的语言多样性是研究语言类型学的语言学家感兴趣的话题。

metaphor [名词]
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隐喻

Ex: In the novel , the storm is a metaphor for the chaos in the protagonist 's life .

在小说中,风暴是主人公生活中混乱的隐喻

progressive [形容词]
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进行式的

Ex:

在句子'她正在读一本书'中,动词'正在读'是进行时形式。

punctuation [名词]
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标点符号

Ex: Proper punctuation is essential for making your writing clear and easy to understand .

适当的标点符号对于使你的写作清晰易懂至关重要。

quote [名词]
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引用

Ex: She framed her favorite quote , " Carpe diem , " and hung it above her desk as a daily inspiration .

她把她最喜欢的引语“Carpe diem”装裱起来,挂在桌子上方作为日常灵感。

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双重否定

Ex: The phrase " I do n't know nothing about it " uses a double negative , which actually means " I know something about it . "

“我对此一无所知”这句话使用了双重否定,实际上意思是“我对此有所了解”。