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托福必备词汇 - 语言和语法

在这里您将学习托福考试所需的一些有关语言和语法的英语单词,例如“收缩”、“语音”、“音节”等。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation

the shortened form of a word, etc.

缩写, 简称

缩写, 简称

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"abbreviation" 的定义和意义
contraction

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

缩写, 收缩

缩写, 收缩

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"contraction" 的定义和意义
dialect

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

方言

方言

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"dialect" 的定义和意义
accent

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

口音, 腔调

口音, 腔调

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"accent" 的定义和意义
apostrophe

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

撇号, 撇号符号

撇号, 撇号符号

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"apostrophe" 的定义和意义
article

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

定冠词, 不定冠词

定冠词, 不定冠词

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"article" 的定义和意义
agreement

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

一致, 协调

一致, 协调

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"agreement" 的定义和意义
number

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

数字, 数量

数字, 数量

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"number" 的定义和意义
syllable

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

音节

音节

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"syllable" 的定义和意义
vowel

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

元音

元音

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"vowel" 的定义和意义
consonant

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

辅音

辅音

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"consonant" 的定义和意义
voice

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

语态(语法), 主动/被动语态

语态(语法), 主动/被动语态

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"voice" 的定义和意义
auxiliary

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

助动词

助动词

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"auxiliary" 的定义和意义
complement

(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication

补语

补语

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"complement" 的定义和意义
compound

(of a word) consisting of two or more parts

复合的, 组合的

复合的, 组合的

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"compound" 的定义和意义
conjunction

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

连词

连词

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"conjunction" 的定义和意义
prepositional

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

介词的, 与介词相关的

介词的, 与介词相关的

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"prepositional" 的定义和意义
determiner

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

限定词, 冠词

限定词, 冠词

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"determiner" 的定义和意义
fluency

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

流利, 流畅

流利, 流畅

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"fluency" 的定义和意义
gerund

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

动名词, 动名词

动名词, 动名词

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"gerund" 的定义和意义
collocation

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

搭配词, 词组组合

搭配词, 词组组合

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"collocation" 的定义和意义
idiom

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

习语, 成语

习语, 成语

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"idiom" 的定义和意义
slang

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

俚语, 行话

俚语, 行话

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"slang" 的定义和意义
proverb

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

谚语

谚语

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"proverb" 的定义和意义
imperative

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

命令的, 命令语气的

命令的, 命令语气的

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"imperative" 的定义和意义
interjection

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

感叹词, 插入语

感叹词, 插入语

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"interjection" 的定义和意义
intonation

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

语调

语调

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"intonation" 的定义和意义
transitive

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

及物的, 需要直接宾语的

及物的, 需要直接宾语的

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"transitive" 的定义和意义
intransitive

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

不及物的, 不及物动词的

不及物的, 不及物动词的

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"intransitive" 的定义和意义
linguistic

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

语言学的

语言学的

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"linguistic" 的定义和意义
metaphor

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

隐喻

隐喻

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"metaphor" 的定义和意义
progressive

(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing

进行的, 渐进的

进行的, 渐进的

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"progressive" 的定义和意义
punctuation

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

标点符号

标点符号

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"punctuation" 的定义和意义
quote

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

引用, 引文

引用, 引文

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"quote" 的定义和意义
double negative

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

双重否定, 双重负面

双重否定, 双重负面

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"double negative" 的定义和意义
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