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Βασικό λεξιλόγιο για το TOEFL - Γλώσσα και Γραμματική

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις για τη γλώσσα και τη γραμματική, όπως «contraction», «voice», «syllable» κ.λπ. που χρειάζονται για τις εξετάσεις TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
abbreviation

the shortened form of a word, etc.

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contraction

a short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form

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dialect

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

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accent

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

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apostrophe

the symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers

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article

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

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agreement

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

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number

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

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syllable

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

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vowel

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

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consonant

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

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voice

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

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auxiliary

a verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices

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complement

(grammar) a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a predication

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compound

(of a word) consisting of two or more parts

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conjunction

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

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prepositional

(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition

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determiner

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

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fluency

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

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gerund

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

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collocation

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

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idiom

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

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slang

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

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proverb

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

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imperative

(of grammar) asserting a command or order

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interjection

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

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intonation

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

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transitive

(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object

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intransitive

(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object

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linguistic

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

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metaphor

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

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progressive

(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing

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punctuation

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

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quote

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

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double negative

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

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