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GRE のための上級語彙 - 変化だけが不変である!

ここでは、GRE試験に必要な「和らげる」「品位を下げる」「回避する」など、変化、原因と結果に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for the GRE
to alleviate
to alleviate
[動詞]

to reduce from the difficulty or intensity of a problem, issue, etc.

軽減する, 和らげる

軽減する, 和らげる

Ex: Ongoing support programs are currently alleviating the challenges faced by the community. 
to augment
to augment
[動詞]

to add to something's value, effect, size, or amount

増やす, 拡大する

増やす, 拡大する

Ex: She augments her income by taking on freelance projects. 
to bolster
to bolster
[動詞]

to enhance the strength or effect of something

強化する, 支える

強化する, 支える

Ex: Recent scientific findings have bolstered the theory that climate change poses severe risks. 
to console
to console
[動詞]

to help a person, who is either disappointed or emotionally suffering, feel better

慰める, 元気づける

慰める, 元気づける

Ex: Friends consoled her after the failure of her project. 
to converge
to converge
[動詞]

(of policies, opinions, ideas, aims, etc.) to develop into either the same thing or something extremely similar

収束する

収束する

Ex: Through diplomatic negotiations, the countries' foreign policies began to converge. 
to cow
to cow
[動詞]

to force obedience onto someone with the use of threats

威嚇する, 強制する

威嚇する, 強制する

Ex: He tried to cow his employees into compliance with threats of job loss. 
to debase
to debase
[動詞]

to tarnish someone's character or morals

貶める, 傷つける

貶める, 傷つける

Ex: The scandal debased the politician’s once-respected reputation. 
to desiccate
to desiccate
[動詞]

to preserve something, like food, by ridding it of all its moisture

乾燥させる, 脱水する

乾燥させる, 脱水する

Ex: She desiccated the herbs to use them in cooking throughout the year. 
to enhance
to enhance
[動詞]

to better or increase someone or something's quality, strength, value, etc.

向上させる, 強化する

向上させる, 強化する

Ex: Adding new features can enhance the functionality of a software application. 
to facilitate

to help something, such as a process or action, become possible or simpler

促進する, 容易にする

促進する, 容易にする

Ex: The government implemented policies to facilitate foreign investment and economic growth. 
to flag
to flag
[動詞]

to lose energy, strength, and enthusiasm

弱る, 衰える

弱る, 衰える

Ex: After working tirelessly for hours, his enthusiasm began to flag. 
to hobble
to hobble
[動詞]

to restrict or complicate development, success, or actions

妨げる, 複雑にする

妨げる, 複雑にする

Ex: The new regulations hobble the company’s ability to innovate. 
to impair
to impair
[動詞]

to cause something to become weak or less effective

弱める, 効果を減らす

弱める, 効果を減らす

Ex: Prolonged exposure to loud noise can impair hearing over time. 
to encumber
to encumber
[動詞]

to hinder the process or make something harder to do or achieve

妨げる, 困難にする

妨げる, 困難にする

Ex: The outdated software encumbered the team’s progress on the project. 
to obviate
to obviate
[動詞]

to anticipate and act in a way that prevents a negative outcome from occurring

防ぐ, 避ける

防ぐ, 避ける

Ex: Regular maintenance obviates costly repairs down the line. 
to outstrip
to outstrip
[動詞]

to posses or reach a higher level of skill, success, value, or quantity than another person or thing

凌ぐ, 追い越す

凌ぐ, 追い越す

Ex: His talent for music quickly outstripped that of his peers, earning him recognition as a prodigy. 
to plummet
to plummet
[動詞]

to decline in amount or value in a sudden and rapid way

急落する, 暴落する

急落する, 暴落する

Ex: After the disappointing earnings report, the company's stock value began to plummet. 
to preempt
to preempt
[動詞]

to render a plan or action ineffective or unnecessary by doing something before it happens

先手を打つ, 未然に防ぐ

先手を打つ, 未然に防ぐ

Ex: The manager preempted the competitors by launching the product early. 
to propitiate

to bring an end to the anger of a person, ghost, spirit, or god by pleasing them

なだめる, 和解させる

なだめる, 和解させる

Ex: The villagers offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods during the drought. 
to requite
to requite
[動詞]

to give something as a reward or compensation for services, favors, or achievements

報いる, 報酬を与える

報いる, 報酬を与える

Ex: The hero was requited with riches and honors for his bravery in battle. 
to start
to start
[動詞]

to suddenly make an involuntary movement in reaction to a shock or surprise

びくっとする, はっとする

びくっとする, はっとする

Ex: He started when the car honked loudly behind him. 
to subside
to subside
[動詞]

to decline in intensity or strength

弱まる, 静まる

弱まる, 静まる

Ex: After the storm, the winds gradually subside. 
to transmute
to transmute
[動詞]

to change something's nature, appearance, or substance into something different and usually better

変える, 転換する

変える, 転換する

Ex: Through education and self-reflection, she managed to transmute her fears into newfound confidence. 
bastardization

the act of changing or copying something in a way that it no longer has the quality and value it used to

改悪, 歪曲

改悪, 歪曲

Ex: The artist felt that the new version of his work was a bastardization of his original vision. 
catalyst
catalyst
[名詞]

a person, thing, or event that provokes or accelerates change or activity by introducing new perspectives or actions

触媒, 引き金

触媒, 引き金

Ex: The new policy acted as a catalyst for reform within the organization. 
corollary
corollary
[名詞]

a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

当然の結果, 帰結

当然の結果, 帰結

Ex: The rise in crime rates was a corollary of the economic downturn. 
efficacy
efficacy
[名詞]

the power to bring about planned or wanted results

有効性

有効性

Ex: Researchers are conducting clinical trials to further evaluate the efficacy of the new vaccine. 
landmark
landmark
[名詞]

something, such as an achievement or event, that is of great importance or influence in something's progress and development

画期的な出来事, 歴史的瞬間

画期的な出来事, 歴史的瞬間

Ex: The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming was a landmark moment in the history of medicine, revolutionizing the treatment of infections. 
metamorphosis

an extreme change in someone or something's nature, character, or form

変態, 変身

変態, 変身

Ex: The company underwent a complete metamorphosis after the new CEO took charge. 
moment
moment
[名詞]

the quality of being significant and important

瞬間, 一瞬

瞬間, 一瞬

Ex: The signing of the agreement was a moment of great significance for the company. 
pith
pith
[名詞]

the main meaning or part of something such as a situation, statement, or argument

核心, 本質

核心, 本質

Ex: He captured the pith of the situation in a single, powerful sentence. 
checkered
checkered
[形容詞]

having gone through periods of both failure and success

浮き沈みのある, 一進一退の

浮き沈みのある, 一進一退の

Ex: The artist’s checkered career saw both critical acclaim and public indifference. 
incipient
incipient
[形容詞]

starting to develop, appear, or take place

初期の, 芽生えつつある

初期の, 芽生えつつある

Ex: They noticed the incipient signs of a conflict during the early stages of the project. 
nascent
nascent
[形容詞]

newly started or formed, and expected to further develop and grow

新たに始まった, 成長中の

新たに始まった, 成長中の

Ex: The startup is in its nascent stage but shows great potential for growth. 
telling
telling
[形容詞]

producing an important, strong, or powerful effect

印象的な, 意味深長な

印象的な, 意味深長な

Ex: The director's speech was a telling moment for the audience. 
to ossify
to ossify
[動詞]

to cause something, such as an idea, system, habit, etc. to become fixed and opposed to change

硬化させる, 固定化する

硬化させる, 固定化する

Ex: They feared that the new regulations would ossify the current system beyond repair. 
untrammeled
untrammeled
[形容詞]

free to do as a person or thing pleases due to not having any limitations or restrictions inflicted upon them

自由な, 制約のない

自由な, 制約のない

Ex: He enjoyed untrammeled freedom during his travels, going wherever he pleased. 
dormant
dormant
[形容詞]

not in an active, developing, or operating state but can become so later on

休眠中の, 潜在的な

休眠中の, 潜在的な

Ex: The volcano remains dormant, but it could erupt at any time. 
to diverge
to diverge
[動詞]

to move apart and continue in another direction

分岐する, それる

分岐する, それる

Ex: As the river flowed downstream, it began to diverge into smaller tributaries. 
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