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IELTS Generalの語彙 (スコア8-9) - 金融と通貨

ここでは、ジェネラルトレーニングIELTS試験に必要な金融と通貨に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for General Training IELTS (8-9)
price fixing
price fixing
[名詞]

an agreement between business rivals to not sell products at a lower price

価格固定, 価格協定

価格固定, 価格協定

Ex: The company was fined millions of dollars for engaging in price fixing with its competitors, violating antitrust laws. 
alimony
alimony
[名詞]

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

養育費, 扶養料

養育費, 扶養料

Ex: After the divorce, she was awarded monthly alimony payments to support her financially. 
arrears
arrears
[名詞]

money that is owed and not yet paid

滞納金, 未払い債務

滞納金, 未払い債務

Ex: He finally paid off his arrears from the last six months. 
collateral
collateral
[名詞]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

担保,  抵当

担保, 抵当

Ex: When securing a loan, the bank often requires borrowers to provide collateral, such as real estate or vehicles, to mitigate the risk of default. 
contingency
contingency
[名詞]

the funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future

予備費

予備費

Ex: The company allocated a portion of its budget as a contingency to cover unexpected costs, such as equipment repairs or legal fees. 
lump sum
lump sum
[名詞]

a single, large payment made in full, instead of smaller payments made over time

一括払い, 一括支払い

一括払い, 一括支払い

Ex: After winning the lottery, Sarah chose to receive her prize as a lump sum rather than in annual installments. 
overhead
overhead
[名詞]

the regular costs required for maintaining a business or an organization

間接費

間接費

Ex: Rent, utilities, and insurance are all part of the company's overhead. 
top-up
top-up
[名詞]

an extra amount of money added to an existing sum so that it reaches the required total

トップアップ, 追加

トップアップ, 追加

Ex: Before embarking on the road trip, I stopped at the gas station to top up the tank. 
bubble
bubble
[名詞]

a rapid trend of increase in prices that eventually leads to a collapse

バブル, 投機バブル

バブル, 投機バブル

Ex: The housing bubble of the mid-2000s led to a catastrophic collapse in real estate prices and triggered the global financial crisis. 
face value
face value
[名詞]

the price that is imprinted on a product

額面価格, 表面価値

額面価格, 表面価値

Ex: The ticket's face value was $50, but due to high demand, scalpers were selling them for three times that amount. 
outlay
outlay
[名詞]

the sum of money spent

支出, 投資

支出, 投資

Ex: The total outlay for the renovations was $50,000. 
receivables
receivables
[名詞]

the amount of unpaid debt that a company expects to receive from its customers or another company

売掛金, 未収金

売掛金, 未収金

Ex: The company's accounts receivables increased significantly this quarter, indicating strong sales but also potential cash flow challenges. 
seed money
seed money
[名詞]

the initial amount of money needed to start a business or project

シードマネー, 初期資金

シードマネー, 初期資金

Ex: The entrepreneur used seed money from family and friends to launch her start-up company. 
stake
stake
[名詞]

an amount of money invested in a business

株式, 出資

株式, 出資

Ex: She purchased a significant stake in the startup company to support its growth. 
nickel
nickel
[名詞]

a five-cent coin of Canada and the US

ニッケル, 5セント硬貨

ニッケル, 5セント硬貨

Ex: He found a nickel on the ground and added it to his coin collection. 
corkage
corkage
[名詞]

an amount of money charged by a restaurant for drinking a wine that was bought from somewhere else by the customer

コルク料, ボトル開栓料

コルク料, ボトル開栓料

Ex: The restaurant allows you to bring your own wine, but they charge a corkage fee of $15 per bottle. 
gratuity
gratuity
[名詞]

an additional amount of money given to someone for their services

チップ, 謝礼

チップ, 謝礼

Ex: The waiter received a generous gratuity for providing excellent service throughout the meal. 
building society

a financial institution that accepts savings deposits and provides mortgage loans

住宅金融組合, 住宅貯蓄機関

住宅金融組合, 住宅貯蓄機関

Ex: She opened an account at the local building society. 
cash dispenser

an automatic machine that allows people to withdraw money or do other banking operation using a debit card

現金自動預け払い機, ATM

現金自動預け払い機, ATM

clearing house

a financial institution that oversees exchanging cheques and other financial transactions

清算所, クリアリングハウス

清算所, クリアリングハウス

Ex: The clearing house acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers in financial markets, facilitating the settlement of transactions. 
giro
giro
[名詞]

a British banking system in which funds are transferred from one account to another upon authorization, often via bank or post office

銀行振込, 郵便振替

銀行振込, 郵便振替

Ex: He paid his rent using the giro system. 
line of credit

the maximum amount of loan that a customer is allowed to receive

与信ライン, リボルビングクレジット

与信ライン, リボルビングクレジット

Ex: The small business secured a line of credit from the bank to cover operating expenses during lean months. 
fintech
fintech
[名詞]

the technological innovation in financial services

フィンテック, 金融技術

フィンテック, 金融技術

Ex: The fintech company developed a mobile app that allows users to easily transfer money, pay bills, and track their expenses in real-time. 
pension pot
pension pot
[名詞]

the total accumulated savings set aside for retirement

年金ポット, 退職貯蓄

年金ポット, 退職貯蓄

Ex: As retirement approached, Sarah began contributing more to her pension pot to ensure a comfortable lifestyle in her later years. 
child support

a regular payment from one parent to financially support the child after a divorce

養育費, 子供の扶養

養育費, 子供の扶養

Ex: The court ordered John to pay monthly child support to help cover the costs of raising his two children. 
corporate welfare

subsidies, incentives, or benefits given by the government to big or growing businesses and corporations

企業福祉, 企業補助金

企業福祉, 企業補助金

Ex: Critics argue that corporate welfare distorts the free market by giving unfair advantages to certain businesses through government subsidies. 
curtailment
curtailment
[名詞]

the act of reducing or limiting something in order to reach financial stability

削減,  制限

削減, 制限

Ex: The company announced a curtailment of its production operations in response to declining market demand. 
to wind down
to wind down
[動詞]

to slowly reduce the activity of a business or organization, leading to its eventual closure

徐々に縮小する, 段階的に閉鎖する

徐々に縮小する, 段階的に閉鎖する

Ex: The company plans to wind down its operations over the next six months. 
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