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ここでは、「皮質」、「前頭葉」、「扁桃体」など、脳に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Body
cerebrum
[名詞]

the largest and most developed part of the brain, responsible for conscious thought, perception, movement, and memory

大脳, 脳

大脳, 脳

cerebellum
[名詞]

a region of the brain that coordinates movement, balance, and posture

小脳, 小さな脳

小脳, 小さな脳

brainstem
[名詞]

the vital bridge between the brain and the spinal cord, controlling essential functions and relaying information throughout the body

脳幹, 脳茎

脳幹, 脳茎

a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication

脳梁, 神経線維の束

脳梁, 神経線維の束

an almond-shaped structure in the brain that plays a key role in processing emotions

corpus amygdaloideum, 扁桃体

corpus amygdaloideum, 扁桃体

cortex
[名詞]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

皮質, 大脳皮質

皮質, 大脳皮質

Ex: The somatosensory cortex, located in the parietal lobe , receives and processes sensory information from the skin , muscles , and joints .頭頂葉にある体性感覚**皮質**は、皮膚、筋肉、関節からの感覚情報を受け取り処理します。
motor cortex
[名詞]

a region of the cerebral cortex responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements

運動皮質, 運動野

運動皮質, 運動野

gyrus
[名詞]

a raised fold on the surface of the cerebral cortex

回, 脳回

回, 脳回

a curved fold in the cerebral cortex that is involved in emotion, memory, and attention

帯状回, シンギュラス回

帯状回, シンギュラス回

the anterior part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions and complex behaviors

前頭皮質, 前頭葉

前頭皮質, 前頭葉

frontal lobe
[名詞]

a region of the brain responsible for cognitive functions such as decision-making or problem-solving

前頭葉, 脳の前頭部

前頭葉, 脳の前頭部

the region in the brain that processes visual information

後頭皮質, 視覚野

後頭皮質, 視覚野

a body part located at the posterior end of the cerebral cortex in the brain, responsible for processing and interpreting visual information received from the eyes

後頭葉, 脳の後頭部

後頭葉, 脳の後頭部

an anatomical structure located in the occipital lobe of the brain. It is involved in visual processing

後頭回, 後頭葉回

後頭回, 後頭葉回

a brain region that processes sensory information related to touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception from different parts of the body

感覚帯, 体性感覚皮質

感覚帯, 体性感覚皮質

a curved fold of tissue located in the frontal lobe of the brain

前頭回, 前頭葉の回

前頭回, 前頭葉の回

the outer layer of neural tissue in the parietal lobe involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness

頭頂皮質, 頭頂葉の外層神経組織

頭頂皮質, 頭頂葉の外層神経組織

a region of the brain involved in sensory processing, spatial awareness, and cognitive functions

頭頂葉

頭頂葉

a folded region of brain tissue in the parietal lobe, involved in sensory perception, spatial processing, and motor planning

頭頂回, 頭頂回転

頭頂回, 頭頂回転

a region of the brain responsible for auditory processing, memory, language comprehension, and visual perception

側頭葉, 側頭部

側頭葉, 側頭部

the region of the brain within the temporal lobe that is involved in auditory processing, memory, language comprehension, and visual recognition

側頭皮質, 側頭葉の皮質領域

側頭皮質, 側頭葉の皮質領域

a curved fold of tissue located within the temporal lobe of the brain, involved in various functions such as auditory processing, language, memory, and emotion

側頭回, 側頭葉の回

側頭回, 側頭葉の回

Broca's area
[名詞]

a region in the brain responsible for speech production and language processing

ブローカ野, ブローカ領域

ブローカ野, ブローカ領域

motor strip
[名詞]

a region of the brain located in the frontal lobe that is responsible for controlling voluntary movement of muscles throughout the body

運動帯, 運動皮質

運動帯, 運動皮質

a region of the brain involved in language comprehension and processing

ウェルニッケ野, ウェルニッケ領域

ウェルニッケ野, ウェルニッケ領域

sulcus
[名詞]

a shallow groove or indentation on the surface of the brain, separating different regions or lobes

溝, くぼみ

溝, くぼみ

a deep groove in the brain that separates the frontal and parietal lobes

中心溝, ローランド溝

中心溝, ローランド溝

a groove on the lateral surface of the cerebrum that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

大脳外側溝, シルビウス裂

大脳外側溝, シルビウス裂

gray matter
[名詞]

the region of the central nervous system that contains neural cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, and appears greyish in color

灰白質, グレイマター

灰白質, グレイマター

white matter
[名詞]

the tissue in the central nervous system composed of myelinated nerve fibers

白質, 白い物質

白質, 白い物質

hypothalamus
[名詞]

(anatomy) a region in the central lower part of the brain that is responsible for autonomic nervous system and the release of hormones

視床下部, 視床下部領域

視床下部, 視床下部領域

thalamus
[名詞]

a region in the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory information

視床, 感覚情報の中継ステーションとして機能する脳の領域

視床, 感覚情報の中継ステーションとして機能する脳の領域

a group of structures in the brain involved in motor control and reward-based learning

基底核, 大脳基底核

基底核, 大脳基底核

a complex subcortical nervous system of the brain that is associated with emotions and drives

辺縁系, 辺縁系複合体

辺縁系, 辺縁系複合体

limbic brain
[名詞]

the interconnected structures within the brain's limbic system, involved in emotions, memory, and motivation

辺縁脳, 辺縁系

辺縁脳, 辺縁系

amygdala
[名詞]

a small, almond-shaped structure in the brain that processes emotions

扁桃体, アーモンド形の脳の構造

扁桃体, アーモンド形の脳の構造

putamen
[名詞]

a part of the basal ganglia in the brain, involved in motor control and coordination

プタメン, 脳の基底核の一部で、運動制御と協調に関与する

プタメン, 脳の基底核の一部で、運動制御と協調に関与する

a fluid-filled chamber in the brain that plays a vital role in cerebrospinal fluid circulation and brain health

側脳室, 脳の側室

側脳室, 脳の側室

hippocampus
[名詞]

a curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigationa curved structure in the brain responsible for memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation

海馬, 記憶形成を担う脳内の湾曲した構造

海馬, 記憶形成を担う脳内の湾曲した構造

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

前頭前皮質, 前頭前野

前頭前皮質, 前頭前野

a brain structure involved in emotional and cognitive processing, located above the corpus callosum

帯状回, シンギュレート回

帯状回, シンギュレート回

ventricle
[名詞]

(anatomy) one of the four main cavities in the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid

脳室, 心室腔

脳室, 心室腔

a network of blood vessels in the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid

脈絡叢, 脈絡網

脈絡叢, 脈絡網

a protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and facilitating nutrient exchange

脳脊髄液, 脳脊髓液

脳脊髄液, 脳脊髓液

a small opening that connects the lateral ventricles of the brain, allowing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid between them

モンロー孔, モンロー孔

モンロー孔, モンロー孔

a fluid-filled cavity in the brain that plays a role in cerebrospinal fluid circulation and communication between brain regions

第三脳室, 三次脳室

第三脳室, 三次脳室

a fluid-filled cavity located in the brainstem, involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

第四脳室, 後脳室

第四脳室, 後脳室

a fluid-filled area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater in the central nervous system

くも膜下腔, くも膜下領域

くも膜下腔, くも膜下領域

cisterna
[名詞]

a fluid-filled space within the body, particularly within the brain or spinal cord, that acts as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid

槽,  貯水池

槽, 貯水池

a narrow fluid-filled channel that runs through the center of the spinal cord and carries cerebrospinal fluid

中心管, 上衣管

中心管, 上衣管

meninges
[名詞]

a three-layered protective covering that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

髄膜, 脳脊髄膜

髄膜, 脳脊髄膜

hemisphere
[名詞]

either the left or right side of the brain, or the cerebrum

半球, 大脳半球

半球, 大脳半球

an opening at the posterior aspect of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

大後頭孔

大後頭孔

dura mater
[名詞]

the tough, fibrous membrane that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord

硬膜, 硬脳膜

硬膜, 硬脳膜

arachnoid
[名詞]

a thin membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord, playing a role in protecting and supporting the central nervous system

くも膜, くも膜組織

くも膜, くも膜組織

pia mater
[名詞]

the innermost layer of the meninges, which is a protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord

軟膜, ピアマター

軟膜, ピアマター

the middle and largest of the three cranial fossae, located at the base of the skull and housing the temporal lobes of the brain

中頭蓋窩, 頭蓋の中窩

中頭蓋窩, 頭蓋の中窩

a cavity located at the base of the skull that holds the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

後頭蓋窩, 後頭蓋腔

後頭蓋窩, 後頭蓋腔

the shallowest and most anterior of the three cranial fossae, located at the base of the skull and housing the frontal lobes of the brain

前頭蓋窩, 頭蓋の前窩

前頭蓋窩, 頭蓋の前窩

the outer layer of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions and information processing

大脳皮質, 脳皮質

大脳皮質, 脳皮質

a structure located in the front part of the brain involved in the sense of smell

嗅脳, 犀脳

嗅脳, 犀脳

a brain structure involved in processing smells and detecting odor molecules

嗅球, きゅうきゅう

嗅球, きゅうきゅう

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