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Ciências Naturais SAT - Geology
Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à geologia, como "tremor", "sedimento", "pedreira", etc., que você precisará para passar no seu SAT.
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a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena
geólogo, cientista especializado em geologia
a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns
sismólogo, sismóloga
the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly
epicentro, centro
an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity
terremoto, sismo
a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena
vulcanologia, estudo dos vulcões
the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain
erupção, erupção vulcânica
a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava
vulcão em escudo, vulcão escudo
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
caldeira, cratera vulcânica
liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature
magma, rocha fundida
particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface
sedimento, depósito
a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure
afloramento, afloramento rochoso
connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth
geotérmico, geothermal
a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits
bacia, depressão
the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust
crosta continental, casca continental
a landmass that existed in the geological past
paleocontinente, continente antigo
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
subducção, afundamento
the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales
manto, o manto terrestre
a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes
pedreira, jazida
a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces
falha, fratura
solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation
rocha matriz, substrato rochoso
a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers
xisto, argilito
a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color
basalto
a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history
fóssil de índice, fóssil guia
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground
intrusão, injeção magmática
a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them
datação radiométrica, datação por isótopos radioativos
(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava
ígneo, vulcânico
related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture
metamórfico, de metamorfismo
relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust
tectônico, relativo à tectônica
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace
fundir, extrair por fusão
the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities
escória, resíduo de fusão
the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea
mesozoico, era secundária
a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications
granito, pedra de granito
a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable
quartzito, um tipo de rocha resistente que começa como arenito mas muda sob calor intenso e pressão subterrânea
a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material
argilito, rocha argilosa
a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content
olivina, peridoto
a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material
calcário, pedra calcária
a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron
piroxena, um grupo de minerais encontrados em rochas ígneas e metamórficas
a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications
caulinita, argila caulinítica
a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking
feldspato, feldspato
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