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Естественные Науки SAT - Geology
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с геологией, такие как "землетрясение", "осадок", "карьер" и т.д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.
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a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena
геолог, ученый
a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns
сейсмолог, сейсмологиня
the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly
эпицентр
an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity
землетрясение, толчок
a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena
вулканология, изучение вулканов
the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain
извержение
a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava
щитовой вулкан, вулкан щитового типа
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
кальдера, вулканический кратер
liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature
магма, расплавленная порода
particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface
осадок, отложение
a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure
выход породы, обнажение горных пород
connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth
ущелье
a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits
бассейн, впадина
the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust
континентальная кора, материковая кора
a landmass that existed in the geological past
палеоконтинент, древний континент
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
субдукция, погружение
the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales
мантия, земная мантия
a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes
карьер, месторождение
a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces
разлом, трещина
solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation
коренная порода, скальное основание
a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers
сланец, глинистый сланец
a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color
базальт
a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history
индексная окаменелость, руководящее ископаемое
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground
вторжение, магматическая инъекция
a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them
радиометрическое датирование, датирование по радиоактивным изотопам
(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava
магматический, вулканический
related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture
метаморфический, метаморфозный
relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust
тектонический
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace
расплавлять металл
the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities
шлак, остаток плавки
the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea
мезозой, вторичная эра
a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications
гранит, гранитный камень
a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable
кварцит, прочный вид горной породы
a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material
аргиллит, глинистый сланец
a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content
оливин, перидот
a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material
известняк
a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron
пироксен, группа минералов
a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications
каолинит, каолиновая глина
a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking
полевой шпат, полевой шпат
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