자연 과학 SAT - Geology

a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena

지질학자

a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns

지질학자

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

진앙

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

진동, 지진

a small or slight earthquake

진동, 세진

a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena

화산학

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

분출, 분화

a type of broad, gently sloping volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava

셰일드 화산, 쉴드 화산

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

칼데라, 화산칼데라

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

마그마

particles of rock, minerals, or organic materials that have been transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface

침전물, 퇴적물

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

노출, 암석 노출

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

지열의

a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits

유역, 함몰지

the thick, buoyant part of the Earth's crust that forms the continents, composed mainly of granitic rocks and less dense than oceanic crust

대륙 지각, 대륙 크러스트

a landmass that existed in the geological past

고대륙, 고대 대륙

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

섭입, 지각 섭입

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

맨틀

a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes

채석장, 석재 채취장

a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces

단층, 단층대

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

기초 암석, 모암

a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers

셰일

a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color

현무암

a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history

지표 화석, 지수 화석

(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground

침투, 마그마 주입

a method used to determine the age of rocks and minerals by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes present in them

방사성 동위원소 연대 측정, 방사성 동위원소를 이용한 연대 측정 방법

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

화성의, 마그마의

related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture

변성의, 변성암과 관련된

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

지각의

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace

용해하다, 제련하다

the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities

슬래그, 금속 찌꺼기

the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea

중생대

a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications

화강암, 자연 화강암

a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable

쿼츠사이트

a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material

아르질라이트

a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content

올리빈, 광물 올리빈

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

석회암, 회색암

a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron

파이록신

a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications

카올린

a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking

장석