Ciências Naturais SAT - Eletromagnetismo e Mecânica

the measure of electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, expressed in volts

tensão, voltagem

an electrical component designed to limit or control the flow of electric current in a circuit, typically by providing resistance

resistor, resistência

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

circuito elétrico, circuito

a solid substance that conducts electricity or heat better than insulators, but not as well as most metals

semicondutor

a phenomenon where certain materials conduct electricity without resistance when cooled to extremely low temperatures

supercondutividade

to apply an electric charge to a conductor

eletrificar, carregar eletricamente

a conductor through which electricity travels to or from an object, such as batteries

eletrodo

a form of electricity generated by friction between two materials, resulting in an imbalance of electric charges on their surfaces

eletricidade estática

(of a battery or device) capable of being supplied with electrical power again

recarregável

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

gerador, máquina geradora

a positively charged electrode in an electrical device where oxidation occurs, resulting in the release of electrons

ânodo

a negatively charged electrode within an electrical device, from which electrons flow out into the external circuit

cátodo

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

célula solar, célula fotovoltaica

the amount of solar energy received per unit area on Earth's surface

irradiância solar, radiação solar

the energy transmitted in the form of particles or waves through the space or a matter

radiação

related to the technology that turns sunlight directly into electricity

fotovoltaico

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

eletromagnético

an invisible area around a magnetic object where magnetic forces can attract or repel other objects

campo magnético, área magnética

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

alavanca

a point or support on which a lever pivots or rotates in order to lift or move objects

ponto de apoio, fulcro

the rapid back-and-forth movement of an object

vibração, oscilação

a rotational force measured in newton-meters or foot-pounds

torque, momento de força

a measure of a spring's stiffness, indicating how much force is needed to stretch or compress it

constante da mola, coeficiente de rigidez

a mass used to provide balance to another mass

contrapeso, peso de contrapeso

having a speed greater than that of sound

supersônico, ultrassônico

(physics) the increase in velocity over time

aceleração

the constant speed reached by a falling object when the drag force equals the gravitational force pulling it downward, resulting in no further acceleration

velocidade terminal, velocidade constante

the study of the design, development, and operation of aircrafts, focusing on principles of aerodynamics, propulsion, and material science

aviação, aeronáutica

a branch of science and engineering that deals with the mechanical properties of liquids, particularly their behavior in confined spaces and under pressure

hidráulica

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

robótica

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

gravidade, força gravitacional