Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Physics & States of Matter

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atomic

[Adjective]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

Ex: Atomic mass represents the average mass of an atom, taking into account its isotopes.

bond

[noun]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

Ex: Hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the structure of DNA, contributing to its stability and the specificity of base pairing.

charge

[noun]

the physical property in matter that causes it to experience a force in an electromagnetic field

Ex: An electron carries a negative charge, which determines its behavior in an electromagnetic field.

density

[noun]

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

Ex: To determine the density of an object , you divide its mass by its volume .

gravity

[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: The strength of gravity on Earth 's surface is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared ( m / s² ) .

property

[noun]

a feature or quality of something

Ex: Elasticity is a material property that measures its ability to return to its original shape after being deformed .

acid

[noun]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

Ex: When dissolved in water, carbonic acid forms from carbon dioxide, contributing to the acidity of rainwater.

conductor

[noun]

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

Ex: Aluminum is widely used as a conductor in power transmission lines due to its lightweight and good conductivity .

crystal

[noun]

a solid substance formed when a chemical compound solidifies, with atoms arranged in a highly regular, repeating pattern

Ex: Sugar crystals are used in baking and candy-making , forming when a sugar solution cools and solidifies .

composition

[noun]

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

Ex: Analyzing the composition of soil helps farmers determine its fertility and nutrient content for optimal crop growth .

ray

[noun]

a column of light, such as that emitted from a beacon or focused source

Ex: A single ray from the torch revealed the hidden path .

magnet

[noun]

an object that produces an invisible field capable of attracting certain metals without physical contact

Ex: My book report is on the man who first figured out how to use magnets to help ships navigate the ocean long ago .

thermal

[Adjective]

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

Ex: Thermal imaging cameras detect infrared radiation emitted by objects to visualize temperature variations .

vacuum

[noun]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

Ex: The vacuum of space is characterized by extremely low pressure and the absence of atmosphere .

gassy

[Adjective]

having the form or characteristics of gas

molecule

[noun]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

Ex: Chemical reactions often involve the breaking and forming of molecules.

radiation

[noun]

energy transmitted through space or matter in the form of waves or particles

Ex: Radioactive materials emit radiation that can be harmful to living organisms .

Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)

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