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English File - Upper Intermediate - Lesson 8A

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English File - Upper Intermediate
crime
[noun]
an illegal act that is punishable by law
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punishment
[noun]
the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong; a method of doing this
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to burgle
[verb]
to illegally enter a place in order to commit theft
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burglar
[noun]
someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something
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to break into
[verb]
to use force to enter a building, vehicle, or other enclosed space, usually for the purpose of theft
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to steal
[verb]
to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it
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burglary
[noun]
the crime of entering a building to commit theft or other illegal activities
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blackmail
[noun]
the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them
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blackmailer
[noun]
someone who demands services or money in exchange for not revealing harmful information or doing something harmful
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bribery
[noun]
the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage
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to bribe
[verb]
to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value
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drug dealer
[noun]
someone who sells illegal drugs such as narcotics, opioids, etc.
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to sell
[verb]
to give something to someone in exchange for money
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drug
[noun]
any illegal substance that people take in order to experience its mental or physical effects
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fraud
[noun]
the act of cheating in order to make illegal money
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fraudster
[noun]
a person who deceives others to gain money, particularly in business transactions
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to commit
[verb]
to do something that is illegal or wrong
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to hack
[verb]
(computing) to illegally access a computer system, network, or online account in order to find, use, or change the information it contains
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hacker
[noun]
someone who uses computers to illegally access someone else's computer or phone
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to hijack
[verb]
to forcefully take control of a vehicle, like an airplane, often to take hostages or change its course
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hijacker
[noun]
someone who uses threats or violence to take control of a moving vehicle, particularly an airplane, to forcefully change the destination or demand something
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kidnapper
[noun]
someone who takes an individual away and holds them in captivity, particularly to demand something for their release
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to kidnap
[verb]
to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release
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to mug
[verb]
to steal from someone by threatening them or using violence, particularly in a public place
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mugger
[noun]
a person who attacks and robs people in a public place
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to murder
[verb]
to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being
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murderer
[noun]
a person who is guilty of killing another human being deliberately
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to rape
[verb]
to force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them
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rapist
[noun]
someone who forcefully engages in sexual activity with another person without their agreement or permission, which is against the law and considered a serious crime
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robbery
[noun]
the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat
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smuggler
[noun]
an individual who illegally and secretly imports or exports goods or people
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to smuggle
[verb]
to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country
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to stalk
[verb]
to follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort
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stalker
[noun]
a person who persistently and obsessively follows, watches, or harasses someone else, often causing fear, distress, or a sense of danger
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terrorism
[noun]
the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power
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terrorist
[noun]
person who uses violence or threats to achieve political or ideological goals by targeting innocent people or civilians
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to set off
[verb]
to activate a bomb, an explosive, etc.
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bomb
[noun]
an object that is designed to explode and cause destruction
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theft
[noun]
the illegal act of taking something from a place or person without permission
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thief
[noun]
someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats
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vandalism
[noun]
the intentional damage or destruction of property belonging to another person or organization
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to vandalize
[verb]
to intentionally damage something, particularly public property
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witness
[noun]
a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene
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armed robbery
[noun]
the act of stealing property or money using a weapon
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fingerprint
[noun]
a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime
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criminal
[noun]
someone who commits a crime or is involved in any illegal activity
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to arrest
[verb]
(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal
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to catch
[verb]
to stop and hold an object that is moving through the air by hands
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to charge
[verb]
to officially accuse someone of an offense
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to investigate
[verb]
to try to find the truth about a crime, accident, etc. by carefully examining its facts
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to question
[verb]
to have or express uncertainty about something
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trial
[noun]
a legal process examining the evidence of a case in court by a judge and jury and deciding if the accused is guilty
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accused
[noun]
one or multiple people who are believed to have committed a crime in a law court
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acquitted
[adjective]
found to be not guilty of an illegal act in a law court
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court
[noun]
the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury
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evidence
[noun]
a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts
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guilty
[adjective]
at fault for an illegal act or something bad that has happened
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innocent
[adjective]
not having done a crime or something wrong
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judge
[noun]
the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters
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jury
[noun]
a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant
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proof
[noun]
information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something
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to sentence
[verb]
to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law
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verdict
[noun]
an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings
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