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English File - Upper Intermediate - Lesson 8A

Here you will find the vocabulary from Lesson 8A in the English File Upper Intermediate coursebook, such as "burgle", "fraudster", "vandalism", etc.

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English File - Upper Intermediate
crime
[noun]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

Ex: The increase in crime has made residents feel unsafe .
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the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

Ex: He accepted punishment without complaint .
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to burgle
[Verb]

to illegally enter a place in order to commit theft

Ex: The thieves attempted burgle the house while the owners were away on vacation .
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burglar
[noun]

someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something

Ex: burglar was caught on surveillance cameras , making it easy for the police to identify and arrest him .
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to use force to enter a building, vehicle, or other enclosed space, usually for the purpose of theft

Ex: The security system prevented the burglars from breaking into the house.
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to steal
[Verb]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

Ex: While we were at the party , someone stealing valuables from the guests .
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burglary
[noun]

the crime of entering a building to commit illegal activities such as stealing, damaging property, etc.

Ex: During the trial , evidence of the defendant ’s involvement in burglary was overwhelming .
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blackmail
[noun]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .
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someone who demands services or money in exchange for not revealing harmful information or doing something harmful

Ex: blackmailer was arrested after it was discovered that they had been extorting several people for years .
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bribery
[noun]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

Ex: The anti-corruption campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers bribery in both public and private sectors .
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to bribe
[Verb]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

Ex: The whistleblower came forward with information about a scheme bribe public officials for construction permits .
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an individual who sells illegal drugs such as narcotics, opioids, etc.

Ex: The novel portrays the life of drug dealer who starts questioning the morality of his actions .
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to sell
[Verb]

to give something to someone in exchange for money

Ex: The company plans sell its new product in international markets .
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drug
[noun]

any illegal substance that people take in order to experience its mental or physical effects

Ex: The use drugs can lead to devastating consequences , including overdose , incarceration , and fractured relationships .
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fraud
[noun]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .
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fraudster
[noun]

a person who deceives others to gain money, particularly in business transactions

Ex: fraudster was sentenced to prison after the authorities uncovered his elaborate scheme to manipulate insurance claims .
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to commit
[Verb]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

Ex: The hacker was apprehended committing cybercrimes , including unauthorized access to sensitive information .
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to hack
[Verb]

(computing) to illegally access a computer system, network, or online account in order to find, use, or change the information it contains

Ex: The cybercriminals attempted to hack into the company's database to steal sensitive customer data.
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hacker
[noun]

someone who uses computers to illegally access someone else's computer or phone

Ex: Hackers often exploit software vulnerabilities to infiltrate computer systems .
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to hijack
[Verb]

to forcefully take control of a vehicle, like an airplane, often to take hostages or change its course

Ex: Over the years , criminals have hijacked vehicles for ransom .
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hijacker
[noun]

someone who uses threats or violence to take control of a moving vehicle, particularly an airplane, to forcefully change the destination or demand something

Ex: The passengers were terrified when hijacker took over the bus , but the driver remained calm and managed to alert the authorities .
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kidnapper
[noun]

someone who takes an individual away and holds them in captivity, particularly to demand something for their release

Ex: The victim was finally reunited with her family after kidnapper was apprehended by law enforcement .
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to kidnap
[Verb]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended kidnap her .
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to mug
[Verb]

to steal from someone by threatening them or using violence, particularly in a public place

Ex: The mugged several people before being arrested by the authorities .
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mugger
[noun]

a person who attacks and robs people in a public place

Ex: He was mugger who targeted people on the subway , quickly snatching their bags before fleeing the scene .
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to murder
[Verb]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

Ex: Last year , the criminal murdered an innocent bystander .
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murderer
[noun]

a person who is guilty of killing another human being deliberately

Ex: The documentary examined the psychology of murderer, trying to understand what drives someone to commit such a crime .
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to rape
[Verb]

to force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them

Ex: The legal system should hold accountable those who attempt rape others .
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rapist
[noun]

someone who forcefully engages in sexual activity with another person without their agreement or permission, which is against the law and considered a serious crime

Ex: The investigation into rapist continued for months before the authorities finally located him .
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robbery
[noun]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .
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smuggler
[noun]

an individual who illegally and secretly imports or exports goods or people

Ex: smuggler faced severe penalties for attempting to bring in counterfeit products that violated international trade laws .
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to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country

Ex: The smuggled rare animals across the border .
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to stalk
[Verb]

to follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort

Ex: The thriller novel depicted a chilling story of an obsessed individual who stalk their victims relentlessly .
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stalker
[noun]

a person who persistently and obsessively follows, watches, or harasses someone else, often causing fear, distress, or a sense of danger

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terrorism
[noun]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws terrorism to protect national security .
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terrorist
[noun]

person who uses violence or threats to achieve political or ideological goals by targeting innocent people or civilians

Ex: terrorist was sentenced to life in prison after being convicted of plotting a series of violent acts against innocent civilians .
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to activate a bomb, an explosive, etc.

Ex: The explosion set off a chain reaction, causing widespread damage.
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bomb
[noun]

an object that is designed to explode and cause destruction

Ex: A loud bomb blast could be heard from miles away as the military carried out their controlled demolition.
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theft
[noun]

the illegal act of taking something from a place or person without permission

Ex: The museum increased its security measures after a theft of priceless art pieces from its gallery .
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thief
[noun]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

Ex: thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .
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vandalism
[noun]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused vandalism in the local park .
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to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

Ex: The police arrested individuals vandalizing street signs and traffic signals .
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witness
[noun]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

Ex: The witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .
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the act of stealing property or money using a weapon

Ex: After armed robbery, the authorities increased patrols in the area to reassure the public and prevent further incidents .
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a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.
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criminal
[noun]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

Ex: criminal confessed to robbing the bank .
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to arrest
[Verb]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

Ex: Authorities are arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .
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to catch
[Verb]

to stop and hold an object that is moving through the air

Ex: The goalkeeper is catch the ball in the next match .
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to charge
[Verb]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

Ex: Right now , the legal team charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .
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to try to find the truth about a crime, accident, etc. by carefully examining its facts

Ex: Authorities are working investigate the source of the contamination .
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to have or express uncertainty about something

Ex: questioned her own judgment after making a mistake and sought feedback from colleagues .
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trial
[noun]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .
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accused
[noun]

one or multiple people who are believed to have committed a crime in a law court

Ex: The defense lawyer argued that the accused had been framed and presented evidence that cast doubt on his involvement in the crime.
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acquitted
[Adjective]

found to be not guilty of an illegal act in a law court

Ex: Being acquitted brought an end to years of legal battles.
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court
[noun]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

Ex: court deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict .
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evidence
[noun]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

Ex: evidence was overwhelming , and the jury quickly reached a verdict , convicting the defendant of all charges .
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guilty
[Adjective]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

Ex: The jury found the guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .
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innocent
[Adjective]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

Ex: innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .
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judge
[noun]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

Ex: She retired after serving as judge for over thirty years .
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jury
[noun]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

Ex: jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .
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proof
[noun]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

Ex: She proof of her payment by showing the receipt from the transaction .
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to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .
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verdict
[noun]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .
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