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Livro English File - Intermediário avançado - Lição 8A

Aqui você encontrará o vocabulário da Lição 8A no livro didático English File Upper Intermediate, como "arrombar", "fraudador", "vandalismo", etc.

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English File - Upper Intermediate
crime
[substantivo]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

crime,  delito

crime, delito

Ex: The increase in violent crime has made residents feel unsafe .O aumento da **criminalidade** violenta fez os residentes se sentirem inseguros.
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punishment
[substantivo]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

punição, castigo

punição, castigo

Ex: He accepted his punishment without complaint .Ele aceitou sua **punição** sem reclamações.
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to burgle
[verbo]

to illegally enter a place in order to commit theft

arrombar, roubar

arrombar, roubar

Ex: The thieves attempted to burgle the house while the owners were away on vacation .Os ladrões tentaram **assaltar** a casa enquanto os donos estavam de férias.
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burglar
[substantivo]

someone who illegally enters a place in order to steal something

ladrão, assaltante

ladrão, assaltante

Ex: The burglar was caught on surveillance cameras , making it easy for the police to identify and arrest him .O **ladrão** foi pego pelas câmeras de vigilância, facilitando a identificação e prisão pela polícia.
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to use force to enter a building, vehicle, or other enclosed space, usually for the purpose of theft

arrombar, invadir à força

arrombar, invadir à força

Ex: The security system prevented the burglars from breaking into the house.O sistema de segurança impediu que os ladrões **arrombassem** a casa.
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to steal
[verbo]

to take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it

roubar, furtar

roubar, furtar

Ex: While we were at the party , someone was stealing valuables from the guests .Enquanto estávamos na festa, alguém estava **roubando** objetos de valor dos convidados.
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burglary
[substantivo]

the crime of entering a building to commit illegal activities such as stealing, damaging property, etc.

arrombamento, roubo

arrombamento, roubo

Ex: During the trial , evidence of the defendant ’s involvement in the burglary was overwhelming .Durante o julgamento, as evidências da participação do réu no **roubo** eram esmagadoras.
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blackmail
[substantivo]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

chantagem, extorsão

chantagem, extorsão

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case of blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .A polícia lançou uma investigação sobre um caso de **chantagem** envolvendo cartas ameaçadoras enviadas a um político local.
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blackmailer
[substantivo]

someone who demands services or money in exchange for not revealing harmful information or doing something harmful

chantagista, extorsionário

chantagista, extorsionário

Ex: The blackmailer was arrested after it was discovered that they had been extorting several people for years .O **chantagista** foi preso depois que foi descoberto que ele estava extorquindo várias pessoas há anos.
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bribery
[substantivo]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

suborno,  corrupção

suborno, corrupção

Ex: The anti-corruption campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers of bribery in both public and private sectors .A campanha anticorrupção visa aumentar a conscientização sobre os perigos do **suborno** nos setores público e privado.
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to bribe
[verbo]

to persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value

subornar, comprar

subornar, comprar

Ex: The whistleblower came forward with information about a scheme to bribe public officials for construction permits .O denunciante veio a público com informações sobre um esquema para **subornar** funcionários públicos por licenças de construção.
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drug dealer
[substantivo]

an individual who sells illegal drugs such as narcotics, opioids, etc.

traficante de drogas, negociante de narcóticos

traficante de drogas, negociante de narcóticos

Ex: The novel portrays the life of a drug dealer who starts questioning the morality of his actions .O romance retrata a vida de um **traficante de drogas** que começa a questionar a moralidade de suas ações.
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to sell
[verbo]

to give something to someone in exchange for money

vender, comercializar

vender, comercializar

Ex: The company plans to sell its new product in international markets .A empresa planeja **vender** seu novo produto nos mercados internacionais.
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drug
[substantivo]

any illegal substance that people take in order to experience its mental or physical effects

droga, enteógeno

droga, enteógeno

Ex: The use of drugs can lead to devastating consequences , including overdose , incarceration , and fractured relationships .O uso de **drogas** pode levar a consequências devastadoras, incluindo overdose, encarceramento e relacionamentos rompidos.
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fraud
[substantivo]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

fraude, burla

fraude, burla

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used for fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .Ela ficou chocada ao descobrir que sua identidade havia sido roubada e usada para **fraude**, deixando-a com uma pontuação de crédito danificada.
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fraudster
[substantivo]

a person who deceives others to gain money, particularly in business transactions

fraudador, vigarista

fraudador, vigarista

Ex: The fraudster was sentenced to prison after the authorities uncovered his elaborate scheme to manipulate insurance claims .O **fraudador** foi condenado à prisão depois que as autoridades descobriram seu esquema elaborado para manipular reclamações de seguros.
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to commit
[verbo]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

cometer, perpetrar

cometer, perpetrar

Ex: The hacker was apprehended for committing cybercrimes , including unauthorized access to sensitive information .O hacker foi preso por **cometer** crimes cibernéticos, incluindo acesso não autorizado a informações sensíveis.
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to hack
[verbo]

(computing) to illegally access a computer system, network, or online account in order to find, use, or change the information it contains

hackear, invadir

hackear, invadir

Ex: The cybercriminals attempted to hack into the company's database to steal sensitive customer data.Os cibercriminosos tentaram **invadir** o banco de dados da empresa para roubar dados sensíveis dos clientes.
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hacker
[substantivo]

someone who uses computers to illegally access someone else's computer or phone

hacker, pirata informático

hacker, pirata informático

Ex: Hackers often exploit software vulnerabilities to infiltrate computer systems .Os **hackers** frequentemente exploram vulnerabilidades de software para infiltrar sistemas de computador.
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to hijack
[verbo]

to forcefully take control of a vehicle, like an airplane, often to take hostages or change its course

sequestrar, piratear

sequestrar, piratear

Ex: Over the years , criminals have occasionally hijacked vehicles for ransom .Ao longo dos anos, criminosos ocasionalmente **sequestraram** veículos para resgate.
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hijacker
[substantivo]

someone who uses threats or violence to take control of a moving vehicle, particularly an airplane, to forcefully change the destination or demand something

sequestrador, pirata aéreo

sequestrador, pirata aéreo

Ex: The passengers were terrified when a hijacker took over the bus , but the driver remained calm and managed to alert the authorities .Os passageiros ficaram aterrorizados quando um **sequestrador** assumiu o controle do ônibus, mas o motorista manteve a calma e conseguiu alertar as autoridades.
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kidnapper
[substantivo]

someone who takes an individual away and holds them in captivity, particularly to demand something for their release

sequestrador, raptor

sequestrador, raptor

Ex: The victim was finally reunited with her family after the kidnapper was apprehended by law enforcement .A vítima foi finalmente reunida com sua família após o **sequestrador** ser preso pela polícia.
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to kidnap
[verbo]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

sequestrar, raptar

sequestrar, raptar

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended to kidnap her .Ela ficou aterrorizada quando percebeu que eles pretendiam **sequestrá-la**.
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to mug
[verbo]

to steal from someone by threatening them or using violence, particularly in a public place

assaltar, roubar

assaltar, roubar

Ex: The gang mugged several people before being arrested by the authorities .A gangue **assaltou** várias pessoas antes de ser presa pelas autoridades.
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mugger
[substantivo]

a person who attacks and robs people in a public place

assaltante, ladrão

assaltante, ladrão

Ex: He was a mugger who targeted people on the subway , quickly snatching their bags before fleeing the scene .Ele era um **assaltante** que visava pessoas no metrô, rapidamente pegando suas bolsas antes de fugir do local.
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to murder
[verbo]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

assassinar, matar

assassinar, matar

Ex: Last year , the criminal unexpectedly murdered an innocent bystander .No ano passado, o criminoso **assassinou** inesperadamente um espectador inocente.
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murderer
[substantivo]

a person who is guilty of killing another human being deliberately

assassino, homicida

assassino, homicida

Ex: The documentary examined the psychology of a murderer, trying to understand what drives someone to commit such a crime .O documentário examinou a psicologia de um **assassino**, tentando entender o que leva alguém a cometer tal crime.
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to rape
[verbo]

to force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them

estuprar, violar

estuprar, violar

Ex: The legal system should hold accountable those who attempt to rape others .O sistema legal deve responsabilizar aqueles que tentam **estuprar** os outros.
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rapist
[substantivo]

someone who forcefully engages in sexual activity with another person without their agreement or permission, which is against the law and considered a serious crime

estuprador, agressor sexual

estuprador, agressor sexual

Ex: The investigation into the rapist continued for months before the authorities finally located him .A investigação sobre o **estuprador** continuou por meses antes que as autoridades finalmente o localizassem.
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robbery
[substantivo]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

roubo, furto

roubo, furto

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by a robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .A joalheria foi alvo de um **roubo** em plena luz do dia, com itens caros roubados.
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smuggler
[substantivo]

an individual who illegally and secretly imports or exports goods or people

contrabandista, traficante

contrabandista, traficante

Ex: The smuggler faced severe penalties for attempting to bring in counterfeit products that violated international trade laws .O **contrabandista** enfrentou penalidades severas por tentar trazer produtos falsificados que violavam as leis do comércio internacional.
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to smuggle
[verbo]

to move goods or people illegally and secretly into or out of a country

contrabandear, mover bens ou pessoas ilegalmente e secretamente para dentro ou fora de um país

contrabandear, mover bens ou pessoas ilegalmente e secretamente para dentro ou fora de um país

Ex: The gang smuggled rare animals across the border .A gangue **contrabandeou** animais raros através da fronteira.
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to stalk
[verbo]

to follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort

perseguir, assombrar

perseguir, assombrar

Ex: The thriller novel depicted a chilling story of an obsessed individual who would stalk their victims relentlessly .O romance de suspense retratou uma história arrepiante de um indivíduo obcecado que **perseguia** implacavelmente suas vítimas.
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stalker
[substantivo]

a person who persistently and obsessively follows, watches, or harasses someone else, often causing fear, distress, or a sense of danger

perseguidor, assediador

perseguidor, assediador

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terrorism
[substantivo]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

terrorismo

terrorismo

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws against terrorism to protect national security .Muitos países estão fortalecendo suas leis contra o **terrorismo** para proteger a segurança nacional.
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terrorist
[substantivo]

person who uses violence or threats to achieve political or ideological goals by targeting innocent people or civilians

terrorista, extremista violento

terrorista, extremista violento

Ex: The terrorist was sentenced to life in prison after being convicted of plotting a series of violent acts against innocent civilians .O **terrorista** foi condenado à prisão perpétua após ser considerado culpado de planejar uma série de atos violentos contra civis inocentes.
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to set off
[verbo]

to activate a bomb, an explosive, etc.

ativar, detonar

ativar, detonar

Ex: The explosion set off a chain reaction , causing widespread damage .A explosão **desencadeou** uma reação em cadeia, causando danos generalizados.
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bomb
[substantivo]

an object that is designed to explode and cause destruction

bomba, artefato explosivo

bomba, artefato explosivo

Ex: A loud bomb blast could be heard from miles away as the military carried out their controlled demolition.Uma forte explosão de **bomba** podia ser ouvida a quilômetros de distância enquanto os militares realizavam sua demolição controlada.
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theft
[substantivo]

the illegal act of taking something from a place or person without permission

roubo

roubo

Ex: The museum increased its security measures after a high-profile theft of priceless art pieces from its gallery .O museu aumentou suas medidas de segurança após um **roubo** de alto perfil de peças de arte inestimáveis de sua galeria.
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thief
[substantivo]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

ladrão, gatuno

ladrão, gatuno

Ex: The thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .O **ladrão** tentou escapar pelo beco, mas a polícia rapidamente o encurralou.
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vandalism
[substantivo]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

vandalismo

vandalismo

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park .Os voluntários organizaram um esforço de limpeza para reparar os danos causados pelo **vandalismo** no parque local.
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to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

vandalizar, danificar intencionalmente

vandalizar, danificar intencionalmente

Ex: The police arrested individuals for vandalizing street signs and traffic signals .A polícia prendeu indivíduos por **vandalizar** placas de rua e sinais de trânsito.
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witness
[substantivo]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

testemunha, testemunha ocular

testemunha, testemunha ocular

Ex: The only witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .A única **testemunha** do crime hesitou em se manifestar por medo de sua segurança.
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armed robbery
[substantivo]

the act of stealing property or money using a weapon

roubo à mão armada, assalto

roubo à mão armada, assalto

Ex: After the armed robbery, the authorities increased patrols in the area to reassure the public and prevent further incidents .Após o **assalto à mão armada**, as autoridades aumentaram as patrulhas na área para tranquilizar o público e evitar mais incidentes.
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fingerprint
[substantivo]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

impressão digital, marca digital

impressão digital, marca digital

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.As evidências de **impressões digitais** desempenharam um papel crucial na condenação do autor do assassinato.
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criminal
[substantivo]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

criminoso, delinquente

criminoso, delinquente

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .O **criminoso** confessou ter roubado o banco.
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to arrest
[verbo]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

prender

prender

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .As autoridades estão atualmente **prendendo** suspeitos no local do crime.
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to catch
[verbo]

to stop and hold an object that is moving through the air

pegar, capturar

pegar, capturar

Ex: The goalkeeper is going to catch the ball in the next match .O goleiro vai **pegar** a bola no próximo jogo.
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to charge
[verbo]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

acusar, incriminar

acusar, incriminar

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .No momento, a equipe jurídica está **acusando** os indivíduos envolvidos no escândalo de corrupção.
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to try to find the truth about a crime, accident, etc. by carefully examining its facts

investigar,  examinar

investigar, examinar

Ex: Authorities are working to investigate the source of the contamination .As autoridades estão trabalhando para **investigar** a fonte da contaminação.
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to have or express uncertainty about something

questionar, duvidar

questionar, duvidar

Ex: She questioned her own judgment after making a mistake and sought feedback from colleagues .Ela **questionou** seu próprio julgamento depois de cometer um erro e buscou feedback dos colegas.
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trial
[substantivo]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

julgamento, processo judicial

julgamento, processo judicial

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .O advogado preparou-se extensivamente para o **julgamento**, reunindo todos os documentos necessários e os depoimentos das testemunhas.
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accused
[substantivo]

one or multiple people who are believed to have committed a crime in a law court

acusado, réu

acusado, réu

Ex: The defense lawyer argued that the accused had been framed and presented evidence that cast doubt on his involvement in the crime.O advogado de defesa argumentou que o **acusado** havia sido incriminado e apresentou provas que lançaram dúvidas sobre o seu envolvimento no crime.
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acquitted
[adjetivo]

found to be not guilty of an illegal act in a law court

absolvido, declarado não culpado

absolvido, declarado não culpado

Ex: Being acquitted brought an end to years of legal battles.Ser **absolvido** pôs fim a anos de batalhas legais.
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court
[substantivo]

the group of people in a court including the judge and the jury

tribunal, corte

tribunal, corte

Ex: The court deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict .O **tribunal** deliberou por horas antes de chegar a um veredicto.
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evidence
[substantivo]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

prova,  evidência

prova, evidência

Ex: The evidence was overwhelming , and the jury quickly reached a verdict , convicting the defendant of all charges .As **provas** eram esmagadoras e o júri rapidamente chegou a um veredicto, condenando o réu em todas as acusações.
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guilty
[adjetivo]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

culpado, responsável

culpado, responsável

Ex: The jury found the defendant guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .O júri considerou o acusado **culpado** do crime com base nas provas apresentadas.
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innocent
[adjetivo]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

inocente, não culpado

inocente, não culpado

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .O motorista **inocente** não teve culpa no acidente de carro causado pela negligência do outro motorista.
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judge
[substantivo]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

juiz, magistrado

juiz, magistrado

Ex: She retired after serving as a judge for over thirty years .Ela se aposentou depois de servir como **juíza** por mais de trinta anos.
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jury
[substantivo]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

júri, painel de jurados

júri, painel de jurados

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .O **júri** era composto por indivíduos de várias profissões e origens.
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proof
[substantivo]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

prova, evidência

prova, evidência

Ex: She offered proof of her payment by showing the receipt from the transaction .Ela apresentou **prova** de seu pagamento mostrando o recibo da transação.
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to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

sentenciar

sentenciar

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .Após o julgamento, o juiz cuidadosamente **sentenciou** o assassino condenado.
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verdict
[substantivo]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

veredito, decisão

veredito, decisão

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .A mídia noticiou o **veredito** histórico que estabeleceu um novo precedente no direito penal.
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