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SAT Math and Logic - Research and Innovation

Here you will learn some English words related to research and innovation, such as "prototype", "jargon", "trial", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
methodology

a series of methods by which a certain subject is studied or a particular activity is done

Ex: The researcher described the methodology used to gather data for the study.Ā 
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approach
approach
[noun]

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

Ex: The teacher's approach to discipline focuses on positive reinforcement.Ā 
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control group

a group in an experiment or study that does not receive the treatment or intervention being tested

Ex: In the drug trial, the control group received a placebo while the experimental group received the actual medication.Ā 
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experimental group

the group of subjects or conditions that are exposed to the treatment or intervention being tested

Ex: Participants in the experimental group were administered the new drug, while those in the control group received a placebo.Ā 
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case study

a recorded analysis of a person, group, event or situation over a length of time

Ex: Researchers conducted a case study to explore the long-term effects of a new drug on patients with rare medical conditions.Ā 
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pilot study

a small-scale preliminary investigation conducted before a larger research project to test feasibility, methodology, and potential outcomes

Ex: Before launching the nationwide survey, the researchers conducted a pilot study to test the questionnaire and sampling methods.Ā 
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intervention

an action, treatment, or manipulation that is introduced by researchers to test its effects on variables of interest

Ex: The intervention consisted of a dietary change aimed at reducing saturated fat intake among participants.Ā 
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validity
validity
[noun]

the quality of being well-founded and logically sound

Ex: The validity of the scientific theory was confirmed through repeated experiments and peer review.Ā 
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evidence
evidence
[noun]

a sign or indication that suggests something

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fieldwork
fieldwork
[noun]

scientific study or research conducted in the real world and not in a laboratory or class

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treatise
treatise
[noun]

a long and formal piece of writing about a specific subject

Ex: Isaac Newton's "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is a famous treatise on physics.Ā 
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trial
trial
[noun]

a process conducted in order to decide on how effective, safe, etc. someone or something is

Ex: The trial was set to evaluate the new drug's effectiveness in treating the condition.Ā 
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generalization

the process of creating broad or universal principles by identifying common characteristics or patterns among specific instances

Ex: In psychology, researchers use generalization to formulate theories about human behavior based on observations of individual subjects.Ā 
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phenomenon

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

Ex: Northern lights are a spectacular natural phenomenon.Ā 
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jargon
jargon
[noun]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

Ex: Medical professionals often use jargon such as 'stat,' 'BP,' and 'code blue,' which can be confusing to those outside the healthcare field.Ā 
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paradigm
paradigm
[noun]

a selection of theories and ideas that explain how a particular school, subject, or discipline is generally understood

Ex: The new research shifted the paradigm of how we understand climate change.Ā 
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multidisciplinary

involving the integration of knowledge and methodologies from various academic disciplines or fields of study

Ex: The university's research institute fosters multidisciplinary collaboration among scholars from diverse fields such as biology, sociology, and engineering.Ā 
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scholarly
scholarly
[Adjective]

related to or involving serious academic study

Ex: The scholarly article thoroughly examines the historical context of the Renaissance period.Ā 
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to extrapolate

to use existing yet insufficient data to make guesses about things that have not yet been observed

Ex: She extrapolated the character’s backstory from hints in the novel.Ā 
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theoretically

in accordance with ideas, theories, or principles rather than experiments or practical actions

Ex: The scientist explained the concept theoretically before conducting experiments to validate the hypothesis.Ā 
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prototype
prototype
[noun]

an early or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied

Ex: The engineers created a prototype of the new electric car to test its performance and safety features.Ā 
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trendsetter

an individual or entity that is influential in setting or popularizing new styles, behaviors, ideas, or products

Ex: She is known as a trendsetter in the fashion industry, with her unique sense of style influencing designers and consumers alike.Ā 
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breakthrough

an important discovery or development that helps improve a situation or answer a problem

Ex: The scientist's groundbreaking research led to a major breakthrough in cancer treatment.Ā 
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groundbreaking
groundbreaking
[Adjective]

original and pioneering in a certain field, often setting a new standard for others to follow

Ex: The scientist's groundbreaking research led to a major breakthrough in cancer treatment.Ā 
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trailblazing
trailblazing
[Adjective]

pioneering or leading the way in a particular field, endeavor, or movement

Ex: Her trailblazing research in the field of genetics revolutionized our understanding of inherited diseases.Ā 
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cutting-edge
cutting-edge
[Adjective]

having the latest and most advanced features or design

Ex: The cutting-edge medical device uses nanotechnology to deliver targeted treatments with unprecedented precision.Ā 
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state-of-the-art
state-of-the-art
[Adjective]

using or containing the most recent and developed methods, technology, materials, or ideas

Ex: The new hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art medical technology, ensuring the best care for patients.Ā 
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innovative
innovative
[Adjective]

(of ideas, products, etc.) creative and unlike anything else that exists

Ex: The company is known for developing innovative solutions to common environmental challenges.Ā 
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to patent
to patent
[Verb]

to obtain legal ownership and protection for an invention or innovation

Ex: After years of hard work, the scientist was finally able to patent her novel medical discovery.Ā 
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to pioneer

to be the first one to do, use, invent, or discover something

Ex: Marie Curie pioneered research on radioactivity.Ā 
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advent
advent
[noun]

the arrival of a significant event, person, or thing that has been eagerly anticipated

Ex: The advent of the internet revolutionized how we communicate and access information.Ā 
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