Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)

to lift or raise an object, typically heavy or bulky, using ropes and pulleys

bluish-grey sandstone used for paving and building

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

having a supporting base

the specific location or area occupied by something in space

to research or follow the history or development of something

(of a system, device, or technique) intricately developed to a high level of complexity

the practical application of technical and scientific knowledge to commerce or industry

to pull something or someone along the ground, usually with difficulty

a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

to have a specific weight

indicating that the quantity or count mentioned does not exceed a specified value

having persisted or existed for a significant amount of time

a vehicle usually pulled by horses, which people get on to slide over snow

a cylinder that revolves

the main wooden body of a tree

to transport or haul something heavy or cumbersome with effort

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

a board that is consisted of long pieces of a wood, reed, etc. tied together, which people use to sail or float on water

to release or place something on a liquid surface, allowing it to move freely

the land close to a sea, ocean, or lake

as a second choice or another possibility

to pull an object behind a vehicle, typically using a rope or chain

a group of aircraft belonging to and operated by the same company or organization

any vehicle designed for travel across or through water

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

an ancient megalithic monument in southern England; probably used for ritual purposes

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of

something that is hard to explain or understand, often involving a puzzling event or situation with an unknown explanation

a place or building that is historically important

to build or assemble a structure or object in an upright position

a vast area of flat land

to be made up of various components or parts within a whole

without being exact

in an upward or vertical position

to lay or put something somewhere

having a shape like a circle

the specific way by which a building, book page, garden, etc. is arranged

widely recognized and regarded as a symbol of a particular time, place, or culture

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

related to the latest part of the Stone Age when humans used stones as tools and weapons

an inhabitant of southern Britain prior to the Anglo-Saxon invasions

basic and simple, lacking modern features or advancements

to create or make something by putting different parts or materials together

a large, wild animal with long legs which eats grass and can run very fast, typically the males have horns

any of the pair of branched horns that grow annually on the head of an adult animal, typically a male one, from the deer family

a long, narrow hole next to a road to keep it from getting too wet

a long, raised mass of earth, sand, snow, or other material

a large hole in the ground where stones, minerals, or other materials are removed

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

a period of history marked by particular features or events

a vertical wooden post or stake, often used for fencing, support, or markers

a sturdy pole made of metal or timber that is dug into the ground to be used as a marker or support something

someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject, especially in the humanities

roughly calculated or guessed but is not exact

a large, round area of land with a ditch and a raised edge around it, usually built long ago for ceremonies, meetings, or special events

a shape that looks like the letter U, with two ends that curve slightly inward