Cambridge IELTS 18 - آکادمیک - آزمون 2 - خواندن - متن 1 (1)

to lift or raise an object, typically heavy or bulky, using ropes and pulleys

bluish-grey sandstone used for paving and building

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

upright and supported from below by a base or other support

the specific location or area occupied by something in space

to research or follow the history or development of something

(of a system, device, or technique) intricately developed to a high level of complexity

the practical use of science and math to design and build things for industry or daily life

to pull or move someone or something heavy with considerable effort

a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

to have a particular weight

indicating that the quantity or count mentioned does not exceed a specified value

having persisted or existed for a significant amount of time

a vehicle usually pulled by horses, which people get on to slide over snow

a cylinder that revolves

the main wooden body of a tree

to transport or haul something heavy or cumbersome with effort

to move someone or something from one place, position, or system to another

a board that is consisted of long pieces of a wood, reed, etc. tied together, which people use to sail or float on water

to put something on water or another liquid so that it remains on the surface or moves with the current

the land close to a sea, ocean, or lake

as a second choice or another possibility

to pull an object behind a vehicle, typically using a rope or chain

a group of ships, aircraft, or vehicles owned or operated together by the same organization

a ship or large boat used for traveling or carrying people or goods on water

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

an ancient megalithic monument in southern England; probably used for ritual purposes

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of

something that cannot be understood or explained because important facts are unknown

an old building, structure, or site preserved or valued for its historical importance

to build, construct, or put up a structure

a vast area of flat land

to be made up of various components or parts within a whole

without being exact

in an upward or vertical position

to lay or put something somewhere

having the shape or form of a circle

the way in which the parts of something are arranged or positioned

widely recognized and regarded as a symbol of a particular time, place, or culture

the remains of a building, town, or other structure that has been destroyed or fallen into decay

related to the latest part of the Stone Age when humans used stones as tools and weapons

an inhabitant of southern Britain prior to the Anglo-Saxon invasions

very simple, basic, or lacking modern technology and conveniences

to create or make something by putting different parts or materials together

a large, wild animal with long legs which eats grass and can run very fast, typically the males have horns

any of the pair of branched horns that grow annually on the head of an adult animal, typically a male one, from the deer family

a long, narrow hole next to a road to keep it from getting too wet

a long, raised mass of earth, sand, snow, or other material

a large excavation where stone, clay, gravel, or other materials are removed from the ground

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

a period of history characterized by particular events, developments, or features

a substantial piece of wood used upright as a post, support, or structural member

a sturdy pole made of metal or timber that is dug into the ground to be used as a marker or support something

a person who has extensive knowledge of or conducts serious study in a particular academic subject

roughly calculated or guessed but is not exact

a large, round area of land with a ditch and a raised edge around it, usually built long ago for ceremonies, meetings, or special events

a shape that looks like the letter U, with two ends that curve slightly inward