pattern

قائمة كلمات المستوى C1 - الحوار والخطاب

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية حول الحوار والخطاب، مثل "تعميم"، "تحيز"، "مائل"، إلخ، المعدة لمتعلمي المستوى C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to generalize

to form an opinion or reach a conclusion about something by taking a few instances or facts into account

يُعَمِّم, يُشْمِل

يُعَمِّم, يُشْمِل

Ex: It's important not to generalize about a whole group based on a few individuals. 

من المهم عدم تعميم حول مجموعة كاملة بناءً على عدد قليل من الأفراد.

to go against

to disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard

يخالف, يتعارض مع

يخالف, يتعارض مع

Ex: The new policy goes against the standard procedures followed by most government agencies. 

السياسة الجديدة تتعارض مع الإجراءات القياسية التي تتبعها معظم الوكالات الحكومية.

to invoke
to invoke
[فعل]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

استشهد, توسل

استشهد, توسل

Ex: In his defense, he invoked his right to remain silent during questioning. 

في دفاعه، استشهد بحقه في الصمت أثناء الاستجواب.

to plead
to plead
[فعل]

to give a particular fact or condition as an excuse or justification

يتذرع بـ,  يعلل بـ

يتذرع بـ, يعلل بـ

Ex: The company pleaded financial difficulties in defense of the delay. 
to point
to point
[فعل]

to suggest that something is probable or certain

يشير, يوحي

يشير, يوحي

Ex: The rise in unemployment rates points to economic instability. 
to prejudice
to prejudice
[فعل]

to cause someone to form an unfair or unreasonable opinion about a person or thing

Ex: Early criticism may have prejudiced Sarah against the proposal. 
to provoke
to provoke
[فعل]

to deliberately make someone angry or annoyed, often in order to cause a reaction

يستفز,  يغيظ

يستفز, يغيظ

Ex: Michael knew exactly what to say to provoke his older sister. 
to reconsider

to think again about an opinion or decision, particularly to see if it needs changing or not

إعادة النظر, التفكير مرة أخرى

إعادة النظر, التفكير مرة أخرى

Ex: The judge agreed to reconsider the verdict in light of the new testimony. 

وافق القاضي على إعادة النظر في الحكم في ضوء الشهادة الجديدة.

to signpost
to signpost
[فعل]

to mark a place such as a road, etc. with a signpost

وضع لافتات, علامة

وضع لافتات, علامة

Ex: It's important to signpost key points in your presentation to guide your audience. 

من المهم وضع علامة على النقاط الرئيسية في عرضك التقديمي لتوجيه جمهورك.

to sum up
to sum up
[فعل]

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

يلخص, يوجز

يلخص, يوجز

Ex: He summed up the novel's plot in a few sentences for those who hadn't read it. 

لخص حبكة الرواية في بضع جمل لأولئك الذين لم يقرأوها.

to yap
to yap
[فعل]

to talk excessively or continuously, often in a way that is annoying to others

الثرثرة بلا توقف, الكلام المفرط والمزعج

الثرثرة بلا توقف, الكلام المفرط والمزعج

Ex: He yapped about his new car until everyone in the room was tired of hearing about it. 
ideological
ideological
[صفة]

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

إيديولوجي

إيديولوجي

Ex: The ideological shift towards free-market capitalism led to changes in economic policy. 

أدى التحول الأيديولوجي نحو الرأسمالية السوق الحرة إلى تغييرات في السياسة الاقتصادية.

irrelevant
irrelevant
[صفة]

having no importance or connection with something

غير ذي صلة, لا أهمية له

غير ذي صلة, لا أهمية له

Ex: The comments about the weather were irrelevant to the discussion about global warming. 

كانت التعليقات حول الطقس غير ذات صلة بالمناقشة حول الاحتباس الحراري.

inclined
inclined
[صفة]

giving an opinion in a way that is not strong

مائل, منحاز

مائل, منحاز

Ex: The committee members were inclined to approve the budget, pending further review of expenses. 

كان أعضاء اللجنة مائلين إلى الموافقة على الميزانية، في انتظار مراجعة إضافية للنفقات.

inflexible
inflexible
[صفة]

(of a rule, opinion, etc.) fixed and not easily changed

غير مرن, صارم

غير مرن, صارم

Ex: The law was considered inflexible and outdated, prompting calls for reform. 

اعتبر القانون غير مرن وقديم، مما دفع إلى دعوات للإصلاح.

mistaken
mistaken
[صفة]

(of a person) wrong in one's judgment, opinion, or belief

مخطئ, خاطئ

مخطئ, خاطئ

Ex: The teacher clarified the concept for the student who was mistaken in their interpretation. 

وضح المعلم المفهوم للطالب الذي كان مخطئًا في تفسيره.

moderate
moderate
[صفة]

not extreme in opinions, beliefs, policies, or behavior

معتدل, وسطي

معتدل, وسطي

Ex: Daniel was known for taking moderate positions on controversial issues. 
reserved
reserved
[صفة]

reluctant to share feelings or problems

متحفظ, منطوي

متحفظ, منطوي

Ex: She appeared reserved, but she was warm and kind once you got to know her. 

بدت متحفظة، لكنها كانت دافئة ولطيفة بمجرد أن تعرفها.

unstated
unstated
[صفة]

not clearly said or explained

غير مصرح به, ضمني

غير مصرح به, ضمني

Ex: The unstated premise of the argument was that success is measured solely by financial gain. 

الفرضية غير المعلنة للحجة كانت أن النجاس يقاس فقط بالربح المالي.

vocal
vocal
[صفة]

giving opinions loudly or freely

صوتي, معبر

صوتي, معبر

Ex: The employees were vocal in expressing their dissatisfaction with the new management policies. 
given that
given that
[حرف العطف]

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

بالنظر إلى أن, نظرًا لأن

بالنظر إلى أن, نظرًا لأن

Ex: Given that he had already apologized, they decided to move on from the incident. 

نظرًا لأنه قد اعتذر بالفعل، قرروا المضي قدمًا بعد الحادث.

no kidding
no kidding
[الاسم]

used to highlight the sincerity or truthfulness of a statement

بلا مزاح, جداً

بلا مزاح, جداً

Ex: I was stuck in the rain without an umbrella, and, no kidding, a stranger offered to share theirs. 

كنت عالقًا تحت المطر دون مظلة، و، بدون مزاح، عرض غريب مشاركة مظلته.

honest to God

used to emphasize the fact that one is telling the truth

بصدق, بأمانة

بصدق, بأمانة

Ex: Honest to God, I thought I left my keys on the kitchen counter. 

بصراحة أمام الله, ظننت أنني تركت مفاتيحي على طاولة المطبخ.

having said that
having said that
[عبارة]

used to introduce an opposing statement after making a point

Ex: The project has achieved significant milestones in terms of efficiency; having said that, there's room for improvement when it comes to communication among team members. 
if anything
if anything
[عبارة]

used to suggest that the opposite of what has been stated may be closer to the truth

Ex: The new policy hasn't made things easier; if anything, it's added more confusion. 
at all
at all
[ظرف]

to the smallest amount or degree

على الإطلاق, إطلاقا

على الإطلاق, إطلاقا

Ex: I don't like him at all. 

أنا لا أحبه على الإطلاق.

that said
that said
[عبارة]

used to introduce statement that is in contrast to what one previously stated

Ex: It's just a gimmick.  That said, I'd love to do it. 
beyond doubt
beyond doubt
[عبارة]

in a way that is absolutely certain and cannot be questioned

Ex: The evidence presented in court was beyond doubt, leading to a unanimous verdict. 
hostility
hostility
[اسم]

unfriendly or antagonistic feelings, attitudes, or behavior toward someone or something

عداء,  خصومة

عداء, خصومة

Ex: Years of rivalry had created deep hostility between the families. 
mainstream
mainstream
[اسم]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

التيار السائد, التيار الرئيسي

التيار السائد, التيار الرئيسي

Ex: The band's music, once considered underground, has now become part of the mainstream. 

أصبحت موسيقى الفرقة، التي كانت تعتبر في يوم من الأيام تحت الأرض، الآن جزءًا من التيار الرئيسي.

objectivity
objectivity
[اسم]

the state of being affected by facts and statistics instead of personal opinions and feelings

الموضوعية

الموضوعية

Ex: The panel's objectivity was essential in evaluating the contestants impartially during the competition. 

كانت الموضوعية للجنة ضرورية لتقييم المتسابقين بشكل محايد خلال المسابقة.

subjectivity
subjectivity
[اسم]

the state of being affected by personal opinions and feelings instead of facts and statistics

ذاتية

ذاتية

Ex: While evaluating creative work, subjectivity plays a significant role, as each viewer brings their own experiences and feelings to the table. 

عند تقييم العمل الإبداعي، تلعب الذاتية دورًا مهمًا، حيث يجلب كل مشاهد تجاربه ومشاعره الخاصة إلى الطاولة.

premise
premise
[اسم]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

فرضية, مسلمة

فرضية, مسلمة

Ex: His argument falls apart if the initial premise about the effectiveness of the policy is proven false. 
reasoning
reasoning
[اسم]

the act of rational and logical thinking about something

استدلال, منطق

استدلال, منطق

Ex: Effective reasoning is essential in solving complex problems and making informed decisions. 

التفكير الفعال ضروري لحل المشكلات المعقدة واتخاذ القرارات المستنيرة.

say
say
[اسم]

the right or chance to give an opinion about something

كلمة, حق في إبداء الرأي

كلمة, حق في إبداء الرأي

Ex: The community meeting was held to give residents a say in the development plans for the new park. 
to [have] second thoughts

to start doubting a decision and begin to wonder whether it is the right or best thing to do

إعادة التفكير, التردد بعد القرار

إعادة التفكير, التردد بعد القرار

Ex: If you're having second thoughts, we can delay the decision. 

إذا بدأت تتردد، يمكننا تأجيل القرار.

voice
voice
[اسم]

the right to give an opinion on something

صوت, حق التعبير عن الرأي

صوت, حق التعبير عن الرأي

Ex: Employees should feel empowered to speak up in the workplace, knowing that their voices matter and contribute to organizational growth. 
solidarity
solidarity
[اسم]

the support given by the members of a group to each other because of sharing the same opinions, feelings, goals, etc.

تضامن

تضامن

Ex: The team members expressed solidarity with their captain, supporting her decision to retire. 
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