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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C1 - Diálogo at Diskurso

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa dayalogo at diskurso, tulad ng "generalize", "prejudice", "inclined", atbp., inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas C1.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to generalize
to generalize
[Pandiwa]

to form an opinion or reach a conclusion about something by taking a few instances or facts into account

mag-generalisa, magpalawak

mag-generalisa, magpalawak

Ex: It's unfair to generalize all teenagers as being irresponsible based on the actions of a few. 

Hindi patas na mag-generalize na lahat ng mga tinedyer ay walang responsibilidad batay sa mga aksyon ng iilan.

to go against
to go against
[Pandiwa]

to disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard

laban sa, hindi sumasang-ayon sa

laban sa, hindi sumasang-ayon sa

Ex: Her principles go against the idea of exploiting natural resources for profit. 

Ang kanyang mga prinsipyo ay sumasalungat sa ideya ng pagsasamantala sa mga likas na yaman para sa tubo.

to invoke
to invoke
[Pandiwa]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

tumukoy, humiling ng tulong

tumukoy, humiling ng tulong

Ex: She invoked the words of Gandhi to inspire her audience during the speech. 

Inimbitahan niya ang mga salita ni Gandhi upang maging inspirasyon sa kanyang mga tagapakinig sa panahon ng pagsasalita.

to plead
to plead
[Pandiwa]

to state something as an excuse

magtanggol, magdahilan

magtanggol, magdahilan

Ex: The defense lawyer pleaded self-defense, arguing that the defendant acted to protect himself from imminent harm. 

Ang abogado ng depensa ay nagmakaawa ng pagtatanggol sa sarili, na nagtatalo na ang nasasakdal ay kumilos upang protektahan ang kanyang sarili mula sa nalalapit na pinsala.

to point
to point
[Pandiwa]

to suggest that something is probable or certain

tumukoy, magmungkahi

tumukoy, magmungkahi

Ex: The dark clouds point to the likelihood of rain later in the day. 

Ang madilim na ulap ay nagtuturo sa posibilidad ng ulan mamaya sa araw.

to prejudice
to prejudice
[Pandiwa]

to unfairly influence someone's opinion or judgment about someone or something

magkaroon ng prejudice, negatibong impluwensyahan

magkaroon ng prejudice, negatibong impluwensyahan

Ex: Her negative experiences prejudiced her against people from that particular ethnicity. 

Ang kanyang mga negatibong karanasan ay nagbigay ng hindi patas na impluwensya sa kanyang opinyon laban sa mga tao mula sa partikular na etnisidad.

to provoke
to provoke
[Pandiwa]

to intentionally annoy someone so that they become angry

pukawin, galitin

pukawin, galitin

Ex: His sarcastic remarks were meant to provoke his sister, but she remained unfazed. 

Ang kanyang mga sarkastikong puna ay nilayon upang hamunin ang kanyang kapatid na babae, ngunit nanatili siyang hindi natitinag.

to reconsider
to reconsider
[Pandiwa]

to think again about an opinion or decision, particularly to see if it needs changing or not

muling pag-isipan, repasuhin

muling pag-isipan, repasuhin

Ex: Feeling unsure, she asked her friends to help her reconsider her career path. 

Sa pakiramdam ay hindi sigurado, hiniling niya sa kanyang mga kaibigan na tulungan siyang muling pag-isipan ang kanyang career path.

to signpost
to signpost
[Pandiwa]

to mark a place such as a road, etc. with a signpost

maglagay ng palatandaan, tandaan

maglagay ng palatandaan, tandaan

Ex: The trail was well signposted, making it easy for hikers to navigate. 

Ang landas ay mahusay na minarkahan, na nagpapadali sa mga hiker na mag-navigate.

to sum up
to sum up
[Pandiwa]

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

buod, sumaryo

buod, sumaryo

Ex: To save time, the presenter decided to sum the discussion up quickly. 

Para makatipid ng oras, nagpasya ang tagapagsalita na buod ang talakayan nang mabilis.

to yap
to yap
[Pandiwa]

to talk excessively or continuously, often in a way that is annoying to others

daldal,  satsat

daldal, satsat

Ex: The politician continued to yap about his achievements during the campaign. 
ideological
ideological
[pang-uri]

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

ideolohikal

ideolohikal

Ex: The party's platform is rooted in ideological principles of liberalism and social justice. 

Ang plataporma ng partido ay nakabaon sa mga prinsipyong ideolohikal ng liberalismo at katarungang panlipunan.

irrelevant
irrelevant
[pang-uri]

having no importance or connection with something

hindi kaugnay, walang kabuluhan

hindi kaugnay, walang kabuluhan

Ex: His personal anecdotes were irrelevant to the topic of the lecture. 

Ang kanyang mga personal na anekdota ay hindi kaugnay sa paksa ng lektura.

inclined
inclined
[pang-uri]

giving an opinion in a way that is not strong

nakahilig, may tendensiya

nakahilig, may tendensiya

Ex: She's inclined to think the project will succeed, but she's not entirely convinced yet. 

Siya ay nakahilig na isipin na ang proyekto ay magtatagumpay, ngunit hindi pa siya lubos na kumbinsido.

inflexible
inflexible
[pang-uri]

(of a rule, opinion, etc.) fixed and not easily changed

hindi nababagay, matigas

hindi nababagay, matigas

Ex: The company's policy on punctuality is inflexible; tardiness is not tolerated. 

Ang patakaran ng kumpanya sa pagiging nasa oras ay hindi nababago; hindi pinapayagan ang pagkahuli.

mistaken
mistaken
[pang-uri]

(of a person) wrong in one's judgment, opinion, or belief

nagkamali, mali

nagkamali, mali

Ex: She was mistaken about the date of the event and missed it. 

Siya ay nagkamali tungkol sa petsa ng kaganapan at hindi ito naabutan.

moderate
moderate
[pang-uri]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

katamtaman, moderado

katamtaman, moderado

Ex: The company's new CEO is expected to pursue a moderate strategy of growth and expansion. 

Inaasahan na ang bagong CEO ng kumpanya ay magsusulong ng isang katamtaman na estratehiya ng paglago at pagpapalawak.

reserved
reserved
[pang-uri]

reluctant to share feelings or problems

reserbado, mahiyain

reserbado, mahiyain

Ex: Despite his reserved demeanor, he was a deeply compassionate person who preferred to listen rather than speak about his own struggles. 

Sa kabila ng kanyang reserbadong pag-uugali, siya ay isang taong lubos na mapagmahal na mas gusto ang makinig kaysa magsalita tungkol sa kanyang sariling mga paghihirap.

unstated
unstated
[pang-uri]

not clearly said or explained

hindi sinabi nang malinaw, hindi tahasang sinabi

hindi sinabi nang malinaw, hindi tahasang sinabi

Ex: The unstated goal of the project was to increase customer satisfaction. 

Ang hindi binanggit na layunin ng proyekto ay upang madagdagan ang kasiyahan ng customer.

vocal
vocal
[pang-uri]

giving opinions loudly or freely

vokal, nagpapahayag

vokal, nagpapahayag

Ex: She was vocal in her support for environmental conservation at the town hall meeting. 

Siya ay matapang sa kanyang suporta sa pangangalaga ng kapaligiran sa pulong ng town hall.

given that
given that
[Pang-ugnay]

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

dahil na, dahil sa

dahil na, dahil sa

Ex: Given that it was raining heavily, we decided to postpone the picnic. 

Dahil sa malakas ang ulan, nagpasya kaming ipagpaliban ang piknik.

no kidding
no kidding
[Pantawag]

used to highlight the sincerity or truthfulness of a statement

hindi biro, seryoso

hindi biro, seryoso

Ex: No kidding, the concert is tonight, and I forgot to buy tickets. 

Hindi biro, ang konsiyerto ay ngayong gabi at nakalimutan kong bumili ng mga tiket.

honest to God
honest to God
[pang-uri]

used to emphasize the fact that one is telling the truth

matapat sa Diyos, tapat

matapat sa Diyos, tapat

Ex: Honest to God, I had no idea the surprise party was for me. 

Sa totoo lang, wala akong ideya na para sa akin ang surprise party.

having said that

used to introduce an opposing statement after making a point

Ex: The weather forecast predicts rain for the weekend; having said that, I still think it's worth planning an outdoor activity just in case the weather clears up. 
if anything
if anything
[Parirala]

used to suggest that the opposite of what has been stated may be closer to the truth

Ex: He claimed to have lost weight during the holiday, but if anything, he seemed to have gained a few pounds. 
at all
at all
[pang-abay]

to the smallest amount or degree

kahit kaunti, hindi man lang

kahit kaunti, hindi man lang

Ex: Do you feel sick at all? 

Nararamdaman mo bang may sakit kahit kaunti?

that said
that said
[Parirala]

used to introduce statement that is in contrast to what one previously stated

Ex: Much of the book was very dull.  That said, I have to admit that the ending was extremely clever. 
beyond doubt
beyond doubt
[Parirala]

in a way that is absolutely certain and cannot be questioned

Ex: The mathematical proof was beyond doubt, leaving no room for skepticism among the academic community. 
hostility
hostility
[Pangngalan]

behavior or feelings that are aggressive or unfriendly

pagkakaaway, pagkagalit

pagkakaaway, pagkagalit

Ex: The hostility between the two rival teams was evident throughout the entire match. 

Ang pagkakaaway sa pagitan ng dalawang magkalabang koponan ay halata sa buong laro.

mainstream
mainstream
[Pangngalan]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

pangunahing daloy, karaniwang tanggap

pangunahing daloy, karaniwang tanggap

Ex: His views are far from the mainstream, often sparking controversy. 

Ang kanyang mga pananaw ay malayo sa pangunahing daloy, madalas na nagdudulot ng kontrobersya.

objectivity
objectivity
[Pangngalan]

the state of being affected by facts and statistics instead of personal opinions and feelings

pagiging obhetibo

pagiging obhetibo

Ex: The journalist prided herself on her objectivity, always presenting the facts without bias. 

Ipinagmamalaki ng mamamahayag ang kanyang pagiging obhetibo, na laging nagpapakita ng mga katotohanan nang walang kinikilingan.

subjectivity
subjectivity
[Pangngalan]

the state of being affected by personal opinions and feelings instead of facts and statistics

subhektibidad

subhektibidad

Ex: The art critic's review was filled with subjectivity, reflecting her personal tastes and preferences. 

Ang pagsusuri ng art critic ay puno ng subjectivity, na nagpapakita ng kanyang personal na panlasa at kagustuhan.

premise
premise
[Pangngalan]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

premis, postulado

premis, postulado

Ex: The entire debate was based on the premise that economic growth benefits all members of society. 

Ang buong debate ay batay sa premise na ang paglago ng ekonomiya ay nakikinabang sa lahat ng miyembro ng lipunan.

reasoning
reasoning
[Pangngalan]

the act of rational and logical thinking about something

pangangatwiran, lohika

pangangatwiran, lohika

Ex: The scientist's reasoning behind the experiment was sound, leading to groundbreaking results. 

Ang pangangatwiran ng siyentipiko sa likod ng eksperimento ay matibay, na nagdulot ng mga groundbreaking na resulta.

say
say
[Pangngalan]

the right or chance to give an opinion about something

boses, karapatang magpahayag ng opinyon

boses, karapatang magpahayag ng opinyon

Ex: The committee gave everyone a say in the decision-making process to ensure all viewpoints were considered. 

Binigyan ng komite ang lahat ng boses sa proseso ng paggawa ng desisyon upang matiyak na isinasaalang-alang ang lahat ng pananaw.

to [have] second thoughts

to start doubting a decision and begin to wonder whether it is the right or best thing to do

magdalawang-isip, magsimulang magduda

magdalawang-isip, magsimulang magduda

Ex: She had second thoughts about moving abroad after talking to her family. 

Matapos makausap ang pamilya niya, nagdalawang-isip siya tungkol sa paglipat sa ibang bansa.

voice
voice
[Pangngalan]

the right to give an opinion on something

boses, karapatang magpahayag ng opinyon

boses, karapatang magpahayag ng opinyon

Ex: In a democracy, freedom of speech ensures that every citizen has a voice in expressing their opinions and beliefs. 

Sa isang demokrasya, tinitiyak ng kalayaan sa pagsasalita na ang bawat mamamayan ay may boses sa pagpapahayag ng kanilang mga opinyon at paniniwala.

solidarity
solidarity
[Pangngalan]

the support given by the members of a group to each other because of sharing the same opinions, feelings, goals, etc.

pagkakaisa

pagkakaisa

Ex: The workers stood together in solidarity to demand fair wages and better working conditions. 

Ang mga manggagawa ay nagtayo nang magkasama sa pagkakaisa upang humingi ng patas na sahod at mas mahusay na mga kondisyon sa pagtatrabaho.

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