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Čtenářská Gramotnost pro Zkoušku ACT - Opposition

Zde se naučíte několik anglických slov souvisejících s opozicí, jako je „offset“, „aggravate“, „ostracize“ atd., která vám pomohou zlepšit vaše ACT.

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Essential Vocabulary for ACT
preemptive
[Přídavné jméno]

done before something else happens to prevent a problem or danger

preventivní, předběžný

preventivní, předběžný

Ex: The city issued preemptive evacuation order before the hurricane arrived .
detrimental
[Přídavné jméno]

causing harm or damage

škodlivý, nepříznivý

škodlivý, nepříznivý

Ex: Negative self-talk can detrimental to mental health and self-esteem .
depredation
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of attacking, taking goods forcefully, damaging and destructing

poškození, devastace

poškození, devastace

extermination
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of completely destroying or eliminating something, especially a population or group

exterminace, vyhlazení

exterminace, vyhlazení

Ex: The company faced criticism for exterminating old-growth forests to expand its operations.
retardant
[Podstatné jméno]

the thing that slows down or inhibits a process or action

zpomaluje, působení zpomalující

zpomaluje, působení zpomalující

Ex: The additive in paint serves as a retardant to prevent mold growth .
nuisance
[Podstatné jméno]

something or someone that causes trouble and annoyance

nepříjemnost, obtíž

nepříjemnost, obtíž

Ex: The frequent power outages were a nuisance for the business .
to refute
[sloveso]

to state that something is incorrect or false based on evidence

vyvrátit, odmítnout

vyvrátit, odmítnout

Ex: refuted the theory with a well-reasoned counterexample .
to rebut
[sloveso]

to prove something false or incorrect with evidence or argumentation

vyvrátit, zpochybnit

vyvrátit, zpochybnit

Ex: rebuts misleading statements during debates .
to disprove
[sloveso]

to show that something is false or incorrect

vyvrátit, dokázat

vyvrátit, dokázat

Ex: The lawyer attempted disprove the witness 's testimony .
to inhibit
[sloveso]

to prevent or limit an action or process

omezovat, potlačovat

omezovat, potlačovat

Ex: A supportive environment can inhibit stress and promote well-being .
to enervate
[sloveso]

to cause someone to lose physical or mental energy or strength

oslabit, vyděsit

oslabit, vyděsit

Ex: The constant stress at work began enervate her , affecting both her physical and mental health .
to thwart
[sloveso]

to intentionally prevent someone or something from accomplishing a purpose or plan

překažit, zmařit

překažit, zmařit

Ex: Quick thinking and thwarted a potential disaster during the fire last year .
to prevent
[sloveso]

to not let someone do something

zabránit, předejít

zabránit, předejít

Ex: Right now , the police are taking action prevent the protest from escalating .
to preclude
[sloveso]

to stop or prevent something from happening

předcházet, zabraňovat

předcházet, zabraňovat

Ex: The proposed changes are designed preclude future financial crises .
to impede
[sloveso]

to create difficulty or obstacles that make it hard for something to happen or progress

zabraňovat, bránit

zabraňovat, bránit

Ex: The thick impeded visibility and slowed down the morning commute .
to disorient
[sloveso]

to cause someone to lose their sense of direction, leading to confusion or a feeling of being lost

zmást, dezorientovat

zmást, dezorientovat

Ex: The intense flashing lights at the concert disoriented some audience members .
to encumber
[sloveso]

to hinder the process or make something harder to do or achieve

zabraňovat, snižovat

zabraňovat, snižovat

Ex: The outdated procedures encumbering the efficiency of the entire system .
to abandon
[sloveso]

to stop supporting an idea, policy, concept, etc.

opustit, vzdát se

opustit, vzdát se

Ex: The organization was forced abandon its plans for expansion due to budget constraints .
to eliminate
[sloveso]

to fully remove or get rid of something

eliminovat, odstranit

eliminovat, odstranit

Ex: Personal protective measures , such as vaccination , can eliminate the spread of certain diseases .
to discard
[sloveso]

to get rid of something that is no longer needed

odstranit, zbavit se

odstranit, zbavit se

Ex: The office manager requested employees discard outdated documents for shredding .
to shun
[sloveso]

to deliberately avoid, ignore, or keep away from someone or something

vyhýbat se, ignorovat

vyhýbat se, ignorovat

Ex: Despite the sincere apology , some continued shun her , making it challenging to rebuild trust within the group .
to elude
[sloveso]

to cleverly avoid or escape from someone or something

vyhnout se, uniknout

vyhnout se, uniknout

Ex: The fugitive eluded law enforcement by changing identities and locations .
to dodge
[sloveso]

to intentionally avoid an issue or responsibility

vyhnout se, obcházet

vyhnout se, obcházet

Ex: The manager dodged questions about the restructuring plan last week .
to ostracize
[sloveso]

to exclude someone from a community or group as a form of punishment or social rejection

vytěsnit, osamostatnit

vytěsnit, osamostatnit

Ex: The strict religious community ostracize members who disobeyed their rules .
to eschew
[sloveso]

to avoid a thing or doing something on purpose

vyhýbat se, zdržet se

vyhýbat se, zdržet se

Ex: The company chose eschew traditional marketing methods in favor of digital strategies .
to expel
[sloveso]

to force someone to leave a place, organization, etc.

vyloučit, vykázat

vyloučit, vykázat

Ex: The expelled him for cheating .
to repel
[sloveso]

to push away or cause something or someone to retreat or withdraw

odrazit, odpuzovat

odrazit, odpuzovat

Ex: The strong repelled the hot air balloon , causing it to drift away from its intended path .
to dispose
[sloveso]

to throw away something, often in a responsible manner

zlikvidovat, zbavit se

zlikvidovat, zbavit se

Ex: As part of the move, they had to dispose of furniture that was no longer needed.
to counter
[sloveso]

to do something to avoid or decrease the harmful or unpleasant effects of something

zmírnit, potlačit

zmírnit, potlačit

Ex: The organization is countering the negative impact of climate change through conservation efforts .
to eradicate
[sloveso]

to completely destroy something, particularly a problem or threat

vytlačit, vyhladit

vytlačit, vyhladit

Ex: The vaccination campaign eradicated the spread of the infectious disease .
to extinguish
[sloveso]

to end or destroy something entirely

zhavit, vypnout

zhavit, vypnout

Ex: The company implemented a new strategy extinguish inefficiencies and improve overall productivity .
to douse
[sloveso]

to loosen, especially by reducing tension or pressure

uvolnit, zmírnit

uvolnit, zmírnit

Ex: The mechanic doused the tension on the brake cables to fix the issue .
to curb
[sloveso]

to lessen the intensity of something or keep it under control, often through restraint or inhibition

omezit, potlačit

omezit, potlačit

Ex: The therapist taught him techniques curb his anxiety in stressful situations .
to scourge
[sloveso]

to cause widespread destruction or devastation, often resulting in complete ruin

skazil, zničil

skazil, zničil

Ex: Poverty continues scourge communities , affecting generations of families .
to extirpate
[sloveso]

to completely destroy or remove something

vytvrdit, vyhubit

vytvrdit, vyhubit

Ex: The team of experts worked extirpate the cybersecurity threat and secure the network .
to attenuate
[sloveso]

to take away from something's effect, value, size, power, or amount

zmenšit, oslabit

zmenšit, oslabit

Ex: The dike was built attenuate the force of the river 's floodwaters and protect the surrounding area .
to detract
[sloveso]

to lessen the value or quality of something

snížit, ubrat

snížit, ubrat

to scrap
[sloveso]

to get rid of something that is old or no longer of use

šrotovat, zlikvidovat

šrotovat, zlikvidovat

Ex: The factory scrapped outdated machinery and invested in new technology .
to deter
[sloveso]

to stop something from happening

odradit, zabránit

odradit, zabránit

Ex: The quick response by the deterred further violence .
to rid
[sloveso]

to free from something undesirable or unwanted

zbavit se, osvobodit se

zbavit se, osvobodit se

Ex: The homeowner sought professional help ridded the house of a persistent pest infestation .
to repulse
[sloveso]

to drive back or push away

odrazit, odmítnout

odrazit, odmítnout

Ex: His arrogant demeanor and insensitive repulsed most people he met .
to aggravate
[sloveso]

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

Ex: aggravated the injury when proper care was not taken .
to retaliate
[sloveso]

to make a counterattack or respond in a similar manner

odplatit, pomstít

odplatit, pomstít

Ex: The organization decided retaliate hacking attempts by counterattacking the source .
to offset
[sloveso]

to compensate for the effects of something through appropriate actions or measures

kompenzovat, vyrovnat

kompenzovat, vyrovnat

Ex: She is offsetting her carbon footprint by using public transportation and reducing energy consumption .
to annihilate
[sloveso]

to destroy someone or something completely

anihilovat, zničení

anihilovat, zničení

Ex: The powerful annihilated the entire building .
prohibitively
[Příslovce]

in a way that forbids or effectively prevents something

Ex: Access to the archives prohibitively limited to authorized personnel only .
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