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Čtenářská Gramotnost pro Zkoušku ACT - Opposition

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s opozicí, jako je "vyrovnat", "zhoršit", "vyloučit" atd., která vám pomohou uspět u vašich ACT.

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Essential Vocabulary for ACT
preemptive
preemptive
[Přídavné jméno]

done before something else happens to prevent a problem or danger

preventivní, předběžný

preventivní, předběžný

Ex: The army took a preemptive action to stop the enemy before they attacked. 
detrimental
detrimental
[Přídavné jméno]

causing harm or damage

škodlivý, nepříznivý

škodlivý, nepříznivý

Ex: Smoking is detrimental to your health, increasing the risk of lung cancer and heart disease. 
depredation
depredation
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of attacking, taking goods forcefully, damaging and destructing

drancování, ničení

drancování, ničení

extermination
extermination
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of completely destroying or eliminating something, especially a population or group

vyhlazení, zničení

vyhlazení, zničení

Ex: The extermination of invasive species is necessary to protect native ecosystems. 
retardant
retardant
[Podstatné jméno]

the thing that slows down or inhibits a process or action

zpomalovač, inhibitor

zpomalovač, inhibitor

Ex: Fire retardants are chemicals used to slow the spread of fires in buildings. 
nuisance
nuisance
[Podstatné jméno]

something or someone that causes trouble and annoyance

obtíž, nepříjemnost

obtíž, nepříjemnost

Ex: The loud construction noise was a real nuisance. 
to refute
to refute
[sloveso]

to state that something is incorrect or false based on evidence

vyvrátit, popřít

vyvrátit, popřít

Ex: The scientist refuted the hypothesis with empirical data. 
to rebut
to rebut
[sloveso]

to prove something false or incorrect with evidence or argumentation

vyvrátit, odmítnout

vyvrátit, odmítnout

Ex: The lawyer rebutted the opposing argument with strong evidence. 
to disprove
to disprove
[sloveso]

to show that something is false or incorrect

vyvrátit, dokázat nepravdivost

vyvrátit, dokázat nepravdivost

Ex: The scientist conducted experiments to disprove the theory. 
to inhibit
to inhibit
[sloveso]

to prevent or limit an action or process

potlačit, zabránit

potlačit, zabránit

Ex: The medication is known to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. 
to enervate
to enervate
[sloveso]

to cause someone to lose physical or mental energy or strength

oslabit, vyčerpat

oslabit, vyčerpat

Ex: The long, grueling workout served to enervate him, leaving him feeling completely drained. 
to thwart
to thwart
[sloveso]

to intentionally prevent someone or something from accomplishing a purpose or plan

zmařit, překazit

zmařit, překazit

Ex: The vigilant guards regularly thwart attempts to trespass into the restricted area. 
to prevent
to prevent
[sloveso]

to not let someone do something

zabránit, překazit

zabránit, překazit

Ex: The security guard prevented the unauthorized person from entering the building. 
to preclude
to preclude
[sloveso]

to stop or prevent something from happening

zabránit, vyloučit

zabránit, vyloučit

Ex: Strict security measures in place preclude unauthorized entry into the restricted zone. 
to impede
to impede
[sloveso]

to create difficulty or obstacles that make it hard for something to happen or progress

bránit, ztěžovat

bránit, ztěžovat

Ex: The heavy traffic impeded our journey to the airport. 
to disorient
to disorient
[sloveso]

to cause someone to lose their sense of direction, leading to confusion or a feeling of being lost

dezorientovat, zmást

dezorientovat, zmást

Ex: The sudden change in the landscape disoriented the hiker, and he struggled to find the trail. 
to encumber
to encumber
[sloveso]

to hinder the process or make something harder to do or achieve

ztížit, bránit

ztížit, bránit

Ex: The outdated software encumbered the team’s progress on the project. 
to abandon
to abandon
[sloveso]

to stop supporting an idea, policy, concept, etc.

opustit, vzdát se

opustit, vzdát se

Ex: After careful consideration, he abandoned his previous beliefs and embraced a new ideology. 
to eliminate
to eliminate
[sloveso]

to fully remove or get rid of something

eliminovat, vyhubit

eliminovat, vyhubit

Ex: The exterminator worked to eliminate the infestation of pests in the house. 
to discard
to discard
[sloveso]

to get rid of something that is no longer needed

vyhodit, zbavit se

vyhodit, zbavit se

to shun
to shun
[sloveso]

to deliberately avoid, ignore, or keep away from someone or something

vyhýbat se, stranit se

vyhýbat se, stranit se

Ex: The celebrity chose to shun the limelight for a while, seeking privacy away from the public eye. 
to elude
to elude
[sloveso]

to cleverly avoid or escape from someone or something

uniknout, vyhnout se

uniknout, vyhnout se

Ex: The criminal skillfully eludes the police, disappearing into the crowded city. 
to dodge
to dodge
[sloveso]

to intentionally avoid an issue or responsibility

vyhnout se, vyhýbat se

vyhnout se, vyhýbat se

to ostracize
to ostracize
[sloveso]

to exclude someone from a community or group as a form of punishment or social rejection

vyloučit, vyobcovat

vyloučit, vyobcovat

Ex: After the scandal, he was ostracized by his colleagues and no longer invited to company events. 
to eschew
to eschew
[sloveso]

to avoid a thing or doing something on purpose

vyhýbat se, vystříhat se

vyhýbat se, vystříhat se

Ex: Health-conscious individuals often eschew sugary beverages in favor of water or herbal tea. 
to expel
to expel
[sloveso]

to force someone to leave a place, organization, etc.

vyloučit, vyhostit

vyloučit, vyhostit

to repel
to repel
[sloveso]

to push away or cause something or someone to retreat or withdraw

odrazit, odhánět

odrazit, odhánět

to dispose
to dispose
[sloveso]

to throw away something, often in a responsible manner

vyhodit, zlikvidovat

vyhodit, zlikvidovat

Ex: The city provides special bins to safely dispose of hazardous materials. 
to counter
to counter
[sloveso]

to do something to avoid or decrease the harmful or unpleasant effects of something

čelit, neutralizovat

čelit, neutralizovat

to eradicate
to eradicate
[sloveso]

to completely destroy something, particularly a problem or threat

vymýtit, zničit

vymýtit, zničit

Ex: The international community is collaborating to eradicate the illegal wildlife trade. 
to extinguish
to extinguish
[sloveso]

to end or destroy something entirely

uhasit, zničit

uhasit, zničit

to douse
to douse
[sloveso]

to loosen, especially by reducing tension or pressure

uvolnit, uvolnit napětí

uvolnit, uvolnit napětí

Ex: The climber carefully doused the rope to descend safely from the peak. 
to curb
to curb
[sloveso]

to lessen the intensity of something or keep it under control, often through restraint or inhibition

potlačit, udržet pod kontrolou

potlačit, udržet pod kontrolou

Ex: He tried to curb his anger during the heated discussion to avoid saying something he would regret. 
to scourge
to scourge
[sloveso]

to cause widespread destruction or devastation, often resulting in complete ruin

pustošit, ničit

pustošit, ničit

to extirpate
to extirpate
[sloveso]

to completely destroy or remove something

vyhubit, odstranit

vyhubit, odstranit

to attenuate
to attenuate
[sloveso]

to take away from something's effect, value, size, power, or amount

zeslabit, snížit

zeslabit, snížit

Ex: The noise-canceling headphones helped to attenuate the loud sounds of the city streets. 
to detract
to detract
[sloveso]

to lessen the value or quality of something

snižovat hodnotu, zhoršovat kvalitu

snižovat hodnotu, zhoršovat kvalitu

to scrap
to scrap
[sloveso]

to get rid of something that is old or no longer of use

vyhodit, zbavit se

vyhodit, zbavit se

Ex: When upgrading the computer system, the IT department had to scrap the old hardware. 
to deter
to deter
[sloveso]

to stop something from happening

odradit, zabránit

odradit, zabránit

Ex: The visible security cameras are intended to deter theft in the store. 
to rid
to rid
[sloveso]

to free from something undesirable or unwanted

zbavit se, osvobodit

zbavit se, osvobodit

to repulse
to repulse
[sloveso]

to drive back or push away

odrazit, odmítnout

odrazit, odmítnout

to aggravate
to aggravate
[sloveso]

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

zhoršit, přiostřit

zhoršit, přiostřit

Ex: Ignoring medication can aggravate the symptoms of a chronic illness. 
to retaliate
to retaliate
[sloveso]

to make a counterattack or respond in a similar manner

oplatit, pomstít se

oplatit, pomstít se

Ex: When betrayed by a close friend, she resisted the urge to retaliate the injury. 
to offset
to offset
[sloveso]

to compensate for the effects of something through appropriate actions or measures

kompenzovat, vyvážit

kompenzovat, vyvážit

to annihilate
to annihilate
[sloveso]

to destroy someone or something completely

zničit, úplně zničit

zničit, úplně zničit

prohibitively
prohibitively
[Příslovce]

in a way that forbids or effectively prevents something

zakazujícím způsobem, způsobem

zakazujícím způsobem, způsobem

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