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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas B1 - Batas at Pulitika

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa batas at pulitika, tulad ng "hangganan", "konseho", "eleksyon", atbp., na inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas B1.

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CEFR B1 Vocabulary
politics
politics
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

politika

politika

Ex: The professor's lecture on American politics covered the historical evolution of its political parties. 
candidate
candidate
[Pangngalan]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

kandidato, kandidata

kandidato, kandidata

Ex: The candidate promised to tackle climate change if elected. 
border
border
[Pangngalan]

a line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other

hangganan, borders

hangganan, borders

Ex: The border patrol is responsible for monitoring and enforcing immigration laws along the country's borders. 
Congress
Congress
[Pangngalan]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Kongreso, Lehislatibong katawan

Kongreso, Lehislatibong katawan

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress. 
council
council
[Pangngalan]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

sanggunian, konseho

sanggunian, konseho

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations. 
county
county
[Pangngalan]

(in the US) one of the areas into which a state is divided and has a local government of its own

lalawigan, kondado

lalawigan, kondado

Ex: The county fair is an annual event that draws people from all over the region to celebrate agriculture and community. 
court
court
[Pangngalan]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

hukuman, korte

hukuman, korte

Ex: The Supreme Court's decision set a legal precedent. 
diplomacy
diplomacy
[Pangngalan]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomasya

diplomasya

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 

Ang diplomasya ay nakatulong upang maiwasan ang dalawang bansa na magkaroon ng digmaan.

election
election
[Pangngalan]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

eleksyon

eleksyon

Ex: Voters lined up early to cast their ballots in the local elections. 
to elect
to elect
[Pandiwa]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

Ex: The citizens of the country are electing new leaders who will shape the future. 
embassy
embassy
[Pangngalan]

the ambassador and other officials who officially represent a country in another country

embahada,  pasuguan

embahada, pasuguan

Ex: The embassy issued a statement about the new travel restrictions. 
government
government
[Pangngalan]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

pamahalaan, administrasyon

pamahalaan, administrasyon

Ex: In a democratic system, the government is chosen by the people through free and fair elections. 
local government
local government
[Pangngalan]

the government of a city or town and not of a country

pamahalaang lokal, lokal na pamahalaan

pamahalaang lokal, lokal na pamahalaan

governor
governor
[Pangngalan]

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

gobernador, pinuno

gobernador, pinuno

Ex: He worked closely with the governor on infrastructure projects. 
law
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: It's important to know your rights under the law. 
mayor
mayor
[Pangngalan]

a person elected or chosen to lead the government of a town or city

alkalde,  punong-bayan

alkalde, punong-bayan

Ex: The mayor attended the opening of the new community center. 
parliament
parliament
[Pangngalan]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

parlyamento

parlyamento

Ex: The opposition party criticized the government's policies during the parliament meeting. 
party
party
[Pangngalan]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partido, partidong pampolitika

partido, partidong pampolitika

Ex: The political party held a rally to mobilize supporters and promote its platform ahead of the upcoming election. 
political
political
[pang-uri]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

pampulitika

pampulitika

Ex: Political debates often revolve around issues such as taxation, healthcare, and national security. 

Ang mga debate na pampulitika ay madalas na umiikot sa mga isyu tulad ng pagbubuwis, pangangalagang pangkalusugan, at seguridad ng bansa.

president
president
[Pangngalan]

the leader of a country that has no king or queen

pangulo, pinuno ng estado

pangulo, pinuno ng estado

Ex: The president's term in office lasts for four years. 
public
public
[Pangngalan]

a society's ordinary people

publiko, mga tao

publiko, mga tao

Ex: The initiative aims to educate the public about environmental conservation. 
punishment
punishment
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of making someone suffer a consequence for wrongdoing

parusa,  pagpaparusa

parusa, pagpaparusa

Ex: The teacher believed that punishment should be fair and consistent. 
right
right
[Pangngalan]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

karapatan, pribilehiyo

karapatan, pribilehiyo

Ex: Human rights include the right to life, liberty, and security. 
to arrest
to arrest
[Pandiwa]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arestuhin

arestuhin

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime. 
to ban
to ban
[Pandiwa]

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

ipagbawal, bawalan

ipagbawal, bawalan

Ex: The international community came together to ban the trade of ivory. 
state
state
[Pangngalan]

one of the political areas with limited law-making abilities that together form a federal country, like those of Germany or the US

estado, Estado

estado, Estado

Ex: California is the most populous state in the United States, known for its diverse culture and economy. 
to commit
to commit
[Pandiwa]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

gumawa, isagawa

gumawa, isagawa

Ex: The hacker was apprehended for committing cybercrimes, including unauthorized access to sensitive information. 
to escape
to escape
[Pandiwa]

to get away from captivity

tumakas, makatakas

tumakas, makatakas

Ex: Every day, the prisoners plan how to escape from their cells. 
to investigate

to try to find the truth about a crime, accident, etc. by carefully examining its facts

imbestigahan,  siyasatin

imbestigahan, siyasatin

Ex: The police were called to investigate the suspicious death. 
to murder
to murder
[Pandiwa]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

pumatay, pagpaslang

pumatay, pagpaslang

Ex: Last year, the criminal unexpectedly murdered an innocent bystander. 
to punish
to punish
[Pandiwa]

to make someone suffer a penalty or unpleasant consequence for wrongdoing

parusahan, pagbawalan

parusahan, pagbawalan

Ex: The teacher punished Jake for repeatedly disrupting the class. 
to rule
to rule
[Pandiwa]

to control and be in charge of a country

pamahalaan, maghari

pamahalaan, maghari

Ex: The monarch ruled the kingdom with absolute authority. 
thief
thief
[Pangngalan]

a person who steals something that belongs to someone else

magnanakaw,  maninikwat

magnanakaw, maninikwat

Ex: The thief stole Emma's wallet while she was boarding the bus. 
to vote
to vote
[Pandiwa]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

bumoto, maghalal

bumoto, maghalal

Ex: He voted for the first time after turning eighteen. 
conference
conference
[Pangngalan]

an official meeting where a group of people discuss a certain matter, which often continues for days

kumperensya

kumperensya

Ex: Many universities organize conferences to promote academic collaboration. 
statement
statement
[Pangngalan]

an official announcement regarding something specific

pahayag,  anunsyo

pahayag, anunsyo

Ex: The company issued a statement about the incident. 
flag
flag
[Pangngalan]

a piece of cloth or similar material bearing a distinctive design and used as a symbol, signal, or identifier

bandila,  watawat

bandila, watawat

Ex: The school raised its flag at the start of the ceremony. 
blood money
blood money
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money given by law to the close relatives of a murdered victim

perang dugo, halaga ng dugo

perang dugo, halaga ng dugo

to free
to free
[Pandiwa]

to release someone from captivity or arrest

palayain, pakawalan

palayain, pakawalan

Ex: The activists worked tirelessly to free the wrongfully imprisoned man. 
death penalty
death penalty
[Pangngalan]

the punishment of killing a criminal, which is officially ordered by a court

parusang kamatayan, sentensyang kamatayan

parusang kamatayan, sentensyang kamatayan

Ex: The court sentenced him to the death penalty. 

Hinatulan siya ng hukuman ng parusang kamatayan.

criminal
criminal
[pang-uri]

related to or involving illegal activities

kriminal, salarin

kriminal, salarin

Ex: Legal procedures ensure that individuals accused of criminal conduct receive fair trials and due process. 
criminal
criminal
[Pangngalan]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

kriminal, salarin

kriminal, salarin

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank. 
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