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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas B1 - Batas at Pulitika

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa batas at pulitika, tulad ng "hangganan", "konseho", "eleksyon", atbp., na inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas B1.

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CEFR B1 Vocabulary
politics
politics
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

politika

politika

Ex: After years of studying law and international relations, she decided to enter politics to make meaningful changes in her country. 

Matapos ang mga taon ng pag-aaral ng batas at relasyong internasyonal, nagpasya siyang pumasok sa politika upang makagawa ng makabuluhang pagbabago sa kanyang bansa.

candidate
candidate
[Pangngalan]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

kandidato, kandidata

kandidato, kandidata

Ex: The candidate for mayor gave an inspiring speech at the rally. 

Ang kandidato para sa alkalde ay nagbigay ng nakakapukaw na talumpati sa rally.

border
border
[Pangngalan]

a line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other

hangganan, borders

hangganan, borders

Ex: Diplomatic tensions can escalate when disputes arise over the delineation of borders between nations. 

Ang mga diplomatikong tensyon ay maaaring lumala kapag may mga pagtatalo tungkol sa paglilinaw ng hangganan sa pagitan ng mga bansa.

Congress
Congress
[Pangngalan]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Kongreso, Lehislatibong katawan

Kongreso, Lehislatibong katawan

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 

Pumasa ang Kongreso ng isang bagong panukalang batas sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan.

council
council
[Pangngalan]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

sanggunian, konseho

sanggunian, konseho

Ex: She was elected to serve on the local council. 

Siya ay nahalal upang maglingkod sa lokal na sanggunian.

county
county
[Pangngalan]

(in the US) one of the areas into which a state is divided and has a local government of its own

lalawigan, kondado

lalawigan, kondado

Ex: The historic courthouse in the center of town serves as the administrative hub for the county. 

Ang makasaysayang korte sa gitna ng bayan ay nagsisilbing administrative hub para sa county.

court
court
[Pangngalan]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

hukuman, korte

hukuman, korte

Ex: In family court, judges handle matters such as divorce, child custody, and domestic violence disputes. 

Sa hukuman ng pamilya, ang mga hukom ay humahawak ng mga bagay tulad ng diborsyo, pag-iingat sa anak, at mga pagtatalo sa karahasan sa tahanan.

diplomacy
diplomacy
[Pangngalan]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomasya

diplomasya

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 

Ang diplomasya ay nakatulong upang maiwasan ang dalawang bansa na magkaroon ng digmaan.

election
election
[Pangngalan]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

eleksyon

eleksyon

Ex: The upcoming election will determine the next leader of our country, shaping the direction of government policies and priorities. 

Ang darating na eleksyon ang magtatakda sa susunod na lider ng ating bansa, na huhubog sa direksyon ng mga patakaran at prayoridad ng gobyerno.

to elect
to elect
[Pandiwa]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

Ex: Citizens will elect a new mayor in the upcoming municipal elections. 

Ang mga mamamayan ay maghahalal ng bagong alkalde sa nalalapit na halalan sa munisipyo.

embassy
embassy
[Pangngalan]

the ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country

embahada, kinatawang diplomatiko

embahada, kinatawang diplomatiko

Ex: The embassy attended the peace conference as official representatives of their nation. 

Ang embahada ay dumalo sa kapayapaan kumperensiya bilang opisyal na kinatawan ng kanilang bansa.

government
government
[Pangngalan]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

pamahalaan, administrasyon

pamahalaan, administrasyon

Ex: The government implemented new policies to improve the country's healthcare system and make it more accessible to all citizens. 

Ang pamahalaan ay nagpatupad ng mga bagong patakaran upang mapabuti ang sistema ng pangangalagang pangkalusugan ng bansa at gawin itong mas naa-access sa lahat ng mamamayan.

local government
local government
[Pangngalan]

the government of a city or town and not of a country

pamahalaang lokal, lokal na pamahalaan

pamahalaang lokal, lokal na pamahalaan

governor
governor
[Pangngalan]

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

gobernador, pinuno

gobernador, pinuno

Ex: The governor signed a new law for the state. 

Nilagdaan ng gobernador ang isang bagong batas para sa estado.

law
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: Breaking the law can result in serious consequences. 

Ang paglabag sa batas ay maaaring magresulta sa malubhang kahihinatnan.

mayor
mayor
[Pangngalan]

someone who is elected to be the head of a town or city

alkalde, punong-lungsod

alkalde, punong-lungsod

Ex: The mayor announced new plans for public transportation. 

Inanunsyo ng alkalde ang mga bagong plano para sa pampublikong transportasyon.

parliament
parliament
[Pangngalan]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

parlyamento

parlyamento

Ex: The parliament convened to debate the proposed healthcare reform bill. 

Ang parliyamento ay nagpulong upang talakayin ang panukalang batas sa reporma sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan.

party
party
[Pangngalan]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partido, partidong pampolitika

partido, partidong pampolitika

Ex: After winning a majority in the legislature, the party introduced sweeping reforms to address pressing societal issues. 

Matapos manalo ng mayorya sa lehislatura, ang partido ay nagpakilala ng malawakang reporma upang tugunan ang mga kagyat na isyung panlipunan.

political
political
[pang-uri]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

pampulitika

pampulitika

Ex: Political debates often revolve around issues such as taxation, healthcare, and national security. 

Ang mga debate na pampulitika ay madalas na umiikot sa mga isyu tulad ng pagbubuwis, pangangalagang pangkalusugan, at seguridad ng bansa.

president
president
[Pangngalan]

the leader of a country that has no king or queen

pangulo, pinuno ng estado

pangulo, pinuno ng estado

Ex: The president addressed the nation in a televised speech. 

Ang presidente ay nagtalumpati sa bansa sa isang televised na pahayag.

public
public
[Pangngalan]

a society's ordinary people

publiko, mga tao

publiko, mga tao

Ex: The politician promised to serve the interests of the public. 

Ang politiko ay nangakong maglingkod sa mga interes ng publiko.

punishment
punishment
[Pangngalan]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

parusa, paghihirap

parusa, paghihirap

Ex: The judge handed down a severe punishment to the convicted criminal, sentencing them to several years in prison. 

Ibinigay ng hukom ang isang malubhang parusa sa nahatulang kriminal, na hinatulan sila ng ilang taon sa bilangguan.

right
right
[Pangngalan]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

karapatan, pribilehiyo

karapatan, pribilehiyo

Ex: Everyone has the right to free speech. 

Ang bawat tao ay may karapatan sa malayang pananalita.

to arrest
to arrest
[Pandiwa]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arestuhin

arestuhin

Ex: The police officer decided to arrest the suspect after gathering sufficient evidence. 

Nagpasya ang pulis na arestuhin ang suspek matapos makakalap ng sapat na ebidensya.

to ban
to ban
[Pandiwa]

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

ipagbawal, bawalan

ipagbawal, bawalan

Ex: Certain fishing practices were banned to protect endangered marine species. 

Ang ilang mga gawi sa pangingisda ay ipinagbawal upang protektahan ang mga nanganganib na species sa dagat.

state
state
[Pangngalan]

one of the political areas with limited law-making abilities that together form a federal country, like those of Germany or the US

estado, Estado

estado, Estado

Ex: Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in India by population, with a rich history and cultural heritage. 

Ang Uttar Pradesh ang pinakamalaking estado sa India ayon sa populasyon, na may mayamang kasaysayan at pamana ng kultura.

to commit
to commit
[Pandiwa]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

gumawa, isagawa

gumawa, isagawa

Ex: He was arrested for attempting to commit fraud by falsifying financial documents. 

Nahuli siya dahil sa pagtatangkang gumawa ng pandaraya sa pamamagitan ng pagpeke ng mga dokumentong pampinansyal.

to escape
to escape
[Pandiwa]

to get away from captivity

tumakas, makatakas

tumakas, makatakas

Ex: She has escaped from captivity more than once in her adventurous life. 

Siya ay nakatakas mula sa pagkabihag nang higit sa isang beses sa kanyang mapagsapalaran na buhay.

to investigate

to try to find the truth about a crime, accident, etc. by carefully examining its facts

imbestigahan,  siyasatin

imbestigahan, siyasatin

Ex: She was determined to investigate the incident until she uncovered the truth. 

Determinado siyang imbestigahan ang insidente hanggang sa matuklasan niya ang katotohanan.

to murder
to murder
[Pandiwa]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

pumatay, pagpaslang

pumatay, pagpaslang

Ex: The prosecutor accused the defendant of plotting to murder the victim. 

Sinampahan ng paratang ng piskal ang akusado sa pagbabalak na patayin ang biktima.

to punish
to punish
[Pandiwa]

to cause someone suffering for breaking the law or having done something they should not have

parusahan, patawan ng parusa

parusahan, patawan ng parusa

Ex: Legal systems have various ways to punish individuals who engage in criminal activities, including imprisonment and fines. 

Ang mga sistemang legal ay may iba't ibang paraan upang parusahan ang mga indibidwal na nakikibahagi sa mga kriminal na gawain, kabilang ang pagkakulong at multa.

to rule
to rule
[Pandiwa]

to control and be in charge of a country

pamahalaan, maghari

pamahalaan, maghari

Ex: The dictator ruled the country with an iron fist, suppressing dissent. 

Ang diktador ay naghari sa bansa nang may bakal na kamao, pinipigilan ang pagtutol.

thief
thief
[Pangngalan]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

magnanakaw, kawatan

magnanakaw, kawatan

Ex: The thief was caught on camera as he sneaked into the store and took a handful of electronics. 

Nahuli sa camera ang magnanakaw habang ito ay pumapasok nang palihim sa tindahan at kumuha ng isang dakot ng mga elektroniko.

to vote
to vote
[Pandiwa]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

bumoto, maghalal

bumoto, maghalal

Ex: Citizens regularly vote in elections to choose their representatives. 

Ang mga mamamayan ay regular na bumoboto sa mga eleksyon upang piliin ang kanilang mga kinatawan.

conference
conference
[Pangngalan]

an official meeting where a group of people discuss a certain matter, which often continues for days

kumperensya

kumperensya

Ex: The annual tech conference attracts thousands of professionals from around the world. 

Ang taunang tech conference ay umaakit ng libu-libong propesyonal mula sa buong mundo.

statement
statement
[Pangngalan]

an official announcement regarding something specific

pahayag,  anunsyo

pahayag, anunsyo

flag
flag
[Pangngalan]

a piece of cloth with a mark or pattern that stands for a country, organization, etc.

bandila, watawat

bandila, watawat

Ex: The American flag was raised during the ceremony. 

Ang bandila ng Amerika ay itinaas sa panahon ng seremonya.

blood money
blood money
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money given by law to the close relatives of a murdered victim

perang dugo, halaga ng dugo

perang dugo, halaga ng dugo

to free
to free
[Pandiwa]

to release someone from captivity or arrest

palayain, pakawalan

palayain, pakawalan

Ex: The police decided to free the suspect due to a lack of evidence. 

Nagpasya ang pulisya na palayain ang suspek dahil sa kakulangan ng ebidensya.

death penalty
death penalty
[Pangngalan]

the punishment of killing a criminal, which is officially ordered by a court

parusang kamatayan, sentensyang kamatayan

parusang kamatayan, sentensyang kamatayan

Ex: The court sentenced him to the death penalty. 

Hinatulan siya ng hukuman ng parusang kamatayan.

criminal
criminal
[pang-uri]

related to or involving illegal activities

kriminal, salarin

kriminal, salarin

Ex: The new law aims to reduce criminal activity by increasing penalties for repeat offenders. 

Layunin ng bagong batas na bawasan ang kriminal na aktibidad sa pamamagitan ng pagtaas ng mga parusa para sa mga paulit-ulit na nagkakasala.

criminal
criminal
[Pangngalan]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

kriminal, salarin

kriminal, salarin

Ex: The police arrested the criminal after a long investigation. 

Inaresto ng pulisya ang kriminal matapos ang mahabang imbestigasyon.

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