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قائمة كلمات المستوى B1 - القانون والسياسة

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية حول القانون والسياسة، مثل "الحدود"، "المجلس"، "الانتخابات"، إلخ، المعدة لمتعلمي المستوى B1.

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CEFR B1 Vocabulary
politics
[اسم]

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

سياسة

سياسة

Ex: The professor 's lecture on American politics covered the historical evolution of its political parties .محاضرة الأستاذ عن **السياسة** الأمريكية غطت التطور التاريخي لأحزابها السياسية.
candidate
[اسم]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

مرشح, مرشحة

مرشح, مرشحة

Ex: The candidate promised to tackle climate change if elected .وعد **المرشح** بمعالجة تغير المناخ إذا تم انتخابه.
border
[اسم]

a line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other

حدود, الحد

حدود, الحد

Ex: The border patrol is responsible for monitoring and enforcing immigration laws along the country 's borders.دورية الحدود مسؤولة عن مراقبة وتنفيذ قوانين الهجرة على طول **حدود** البلاد.
Congress
[اسم]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress.
council
[اسم]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

مجلس, هيئة

مجلس, هيئة

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .اقترح **المجلس** لوائح بيئية جديدة.
county
[اسم]

(in the US) one of the areas into which a state is divided and has a local government of its own

مقاطعة, محافظة

مقاطعة, محافظة

Ex: Local farmers in the county grow a variety of crops , including corn , soybeans , and wheat , contributing to the region 's agricultural economy .المزارعون المحليون في **المقاطعة** يزرعون مجموعة متنوعة من المحاصيل، بما في ذلك الذرة وفول الصويا والقمح، مما يساهم في الاقتصاد الزراعي للمنطقة.
court
[اسم]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

محكمة, قضاء

محكمة, قضاء

Ex: The Supreme Court's decision set a legal precedent.قرار **المحكمة** العليا وضع سابقة قانونية.
diplomacy
[اسم]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

دبلوماسية

دبلوماسية

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
election
[اسم]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

انتخابات

انتخابات

Ex: Voters lined up early to cast their ballots in the local elections.اصطف الناخبون مبكرًا للإدلاء بأصواتهم في **الانتخابات** المحلية.
to elect
[فعل]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

ينتخب, يختار بالتصويت

ينتخب, يختار بالتصويت

Ex: The citizens of the country are electing new leaders who will shape the future .
embassy
[اسم]

the ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country

Ex: The embassy arranged transportation for the visiting minister .
government
[اسم]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

حكومة, إدارة

حكومة, إدارة

Ex: In a democratic system , the government is chosen by the people through free and fair elections .في النظام الديمقراطي، يتم اختيار **الحكومة** من قبل الشعب من خلال انتخابات حرة ونزيهة.

the government of a city or town and not of a country

الحكومة المحلية, الإدارة المحلية

الحكومة المحلية, الإدارة المحلية

governor
[اسم]

someone who is in charge of a region or town

حاكم, عمدة

حاكم, عمدة

law
[اسم]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

قانون, حق

قانون, حق

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.من المهم معرفة حقوقك بموجب **القانون**.
mayor
[اسم]

someone who is elected to be the head of a town or city

عمدة, رئيس البلدية

عمدة, رئيس البلدية

Ex: A new mayor will be chosen in the upcoming election .
parliament
[اسم]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

البرلمان

البرلمان

Ex: The opposition party criticized the government 's policies during the parliament meeting .انتقد حزب المعارضة سياسات الحكومة خلال اجتماع **البرلمان**.
party
[اسم]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

حزب, حزب سياسي

حزب, حزب سياسي

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .نظم **الحزب** حفلًا استعراضيًا لتقديم الشكر للمتطوعين والمانحين على مساهماتهم، احتفالًا بفوزهم الانتخابي.
political
[صفة]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

سياسي

سياسي

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .تلعب وسائل الإعلام دورًا حاسمًا في إعلام الجمهور بالتطورات **السياسية** ومساءلة المسؤولين المنتخبين.
president
[اسم]

the leader of a country that has no king or queen

رئيس, رئيس الدولة

رئيس, رئيس الدولة

Ex: The president's term in office lasts for four years .مدة ولاية **الرئيس** أربع سنوات.
public
[اسم]

a society's ordinary people

الجمهور, العامة

الجمهور, العامة

Ex: The initiative aims to educate the public about environmental conservation .تهدف المبادرة إلى تثقيف **الجمهور** حول الحفاظ على البيئة.
punishment
[اسم]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

عقاب, عقوبة

عقاب, عقوبة

Ex: He accepted his punishment without complaint .
right
[اسم]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

حق, امتياز

حق, امتياز

Ex: Human rights include the right to life, liberty, and security.
to arrest
[فعل]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

اعتقل

اعتقل

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .السلطات تقوم حالياً **باعتقال** المشتبه بهم في مكان الجريمة.
to ban
[فعل]

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

حظر, منع

حظر, منع

Ex: The international community came together to ban the trade of ivory .اجتمعت المجتمع الدولي لحظر تجارة العاج.
state
[اسم]

one of the political areas with limited law-making abilities that together form a federal country, like those of Germany or the US

ولاية, دولة

ولاية, دولة

Ex: The Australian state of New South Wales is home to iconic landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House and the Blue Mountains.**ولاية** نيو ساوث ويلز الأسترالية هي موطن لمعالم أيقونية مثل دار أوبرا سيدني وجبال بلو.
to commit
[فعل]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

يرتكب, يقترف

يرتكب, يقترف

Ex: The hacker was apprehended for committing cybercrimes , including unauthorized access to sensitive information .
to escape
[فعل]

to get away from captivity

يهرب, يفلت

يهرب, يفلت

Ex: The bird escaped from its cage when the door was left open.**هرب** الطائر من قفصه عندما ترك الباب مفتوحًا.

to try to find the truth about a crime, accident, etc. by carefully examining its facts

تحقيق,  فحص

تحقيق, فحص

Ex: Authorities are working to investigate the source of the contamination .تعمل السلطات على **التحقيق** في مصدر التلوث.
to murder
[فعل]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

يقتل, يغتال

يقتل, يغتال

Ex: Last year , the criminal unexpectedly murdered an innocent bystander .العام الماضي، قام المجرم ب**قتل** أحد المارة الأبرياء بشكل غير متوقع.
to punish
[فعل]

to cause someone suffering for breaking the law or having done something they should not have

يعاقب, يقصي

يعاقب, يقصي

Ex: Company policies typically outline consequences to punish employees for unethical behavior in the workplace .تحدد سياسات الشركة عواقب **معاقبة** الموظفين على السلوك غير الأخلاقي في مكان العمل.
to rule
[فعل]

to control and be in charge of a country

حكم, سيطر

حكم, سيطر

Ex: The military junta ruled the nation after a coup d'état .الحكومة العسكرية **حكمت** الأمة بعد انقلاب.
thief
[اسم]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

لص, سارق

لص, سارق

Ex: The thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .حاول **اللص** الهروب عبر الزقاق، لكن الشرطة حاصرته بسرعة.
to vote
[فعل]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

يصوت, يبدي رأيه بالتصويت

يصوت, يبدي رأيه بالتصويت

Ex: He voted for the first time after turning eighteen .لقد **صوّت** لأول مرة بعد أن بلغ الثامنة عشرة.
conference
[اسم]

an official meeting where a group of people discuss a certain matter, which often continues for days

مؤتمر

مؤتمر

Ex: Many universities organize conferences to promote academic collaboration .تنظم العديد من الجامعات **مؤتمرات** لتعزيز التعاون الأكاديمي.
statement
[اسم]

an official announcement regarding something specific

بيان,  إعلان

بيان, إعلان

flag
[اسم]

a piece of cloth with a mark or pattern that stands for a country, organization, etc.

علم, راية

علم, راية

Ex: The flag of the charity organization was prominently featured in the parade .كان **العلم** لمنظمة الخيرية بارزًا في العرض.
blood money
[اسم]

an amount of money given by law to the close relatives of a murdered victim

مال الدم, ثمن الدم

مال الدم, ثمن الدم

to free
[فعل]

to release someone from captivity or arrest

يحرر, يطلق سراح

يحرر, يطلق سراح

Ex: The activists worked tirelessly to free the wrongfully imprisoned man .عمل النشطاء بلا كلل من أجل **تحرير** الرجل المسجون ظلماً.

the punishment of killing a criminal, which is officially ordered by a court

عقوبة الإعدام, حكم الإعدام

عقوبة الإعدام, حكم الإعدام

Ex: The death penalty is rarely used in some states .
criminal
[صفة]

related to or involving illegal activities

إجرامي, جنائي

إجرامي, جنائي

Ex: Legal procedures ensure that individuals accused of criminal conduct receive fair trials and due process .
criminal
[اسم]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

مجرم, إجرامي

مجرم, إجرامي

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .اعترف **المجرم** بسرقة البنك.
قائمة كلمات المستوى B1
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