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قائمة كلمات المستوى B1 - القانون والسياسة

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية حول القانون والسياسة، مثل "الحدود"، "المجلس"، "الانتخابات"، إلخ، المعدة لمتعلمي المستوى B1.

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CEFR B1 Vocabulary
politics
politics
[اسم]

a set of ideas and activities involved in governing a country, state, or city

سياسة

سياسة

Ex: Many young people are disillusioned with traditional politics and are seeking new ways to influence their communities. 
candidate
candidate
[اسم]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

مرشح, مرشحة

مرشح, مرشحة

Ex: After a rigorous interview process, she was selected as the top candidate for the job. 
border
border
[اسم]

a line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other

حدود, الحد

حدود, الحد

Ex: As we crossed the border into the neighboring country, we were greeted by customs officials. 
Congress
Congress
[اسم]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

الكونغرس, الهيئة التشريعية

الكونغرس, الهيئة التشريعية

Ex: Members of Congress voted on the resolution. 
council
council
[اسم]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

مجلس, هيئة

مجلس, هيئة

Ex: Residents can submit complaints to the council office. 
county
county
[اسم]

(in the US) one of the areas into which a state is divided and has a local government of its own

مقاطعة, محافظة

مقاطعة, محافظة

Ex: The county fair is an annual event that draws people from all over the region. 
court
court
[اسم]

the place in which legal proceedings are conducted

محكمة, قضاء

محكمة, قضاء

Ex: The attorney presented a compelling case in court. 
diplomacy
diplomacy
[اسم]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

دبلوماسية

دبلوماسية

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country. 

الدبلوماسية الحادة الخاصة به ضمنت اتفاقية تجارية حيوية لبلده.

election
election
[اسم]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

انتخابات

انتخابات

Ex: The country held presidential elections every four years. 
to elect
to elect
[فعل]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

ينتخب, يختار بالتصويت

ينتخب, يختار بالتصويت

Ex: Over the years, voters in the region have elected leaders with diverse backgrounds. 
embassy
embassy
[اسم]

the ambassador and other officials who officially represent a country in another country

سفارة,  البعثة الدبلوماسية

سفارة, البعثة الدبلوماسية

Ex: Daniel contacted the embassy for assistance after his documents were stolen. 
government
government
[اسم]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

حكومة, إدارة

حكومة, إدارة

Ex: The government provided disaster relief funds to help communities affected by the recent flood. 
local government

the government of a city or town and not of a country

الحكومة المحلية, الإدارة المحلية

الحكومة المحلية, الإدارة المحلية

governor
governor
[اسم]

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

الحاكم, الوالي

الحاكم, الوالي

Ex: The governor announced emergency measures after the storm. 
law
law
[اسم]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

قانون, حق

قانون, حق

Ex: The company must comply with employment laws when hiring new employees. 
mayor
mayor
[اسم]

a person elected or chosen to lead the government of a town or city

عمدة,  رئيس البلدية

عمدة, رئيس البلدية

Ex: The city council discussed the proposal with the mayor. 
parliament
parliament
[اسم]

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

البرلمان

البرلمان

Ex: Parliament passed the new legislation after several weeks of deliberation. 
party
party
[اسم]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

حزب, حزب سياسي

حزب, حزب سياسي

Ex: She joined the party when she was in college. 
political
political
[صفة]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

سياسي

سياسي

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable. 

تلعب وسائل الإعلام دورًا حاسمًا في إعلام الجمهور بالتطورات السياسية ومساءلة المسؤولين المنتخبين.

president
president
[اسم]

the leader of a country that has no king or queen

رئيس, رئيس الدولة

رئيس, رئيس الدولة

Ex: He campaigned vigorously to become the next president of the United States. 
public
public
[اسم]

a society's ordinary people

الجمهور, العامة

الجمهور, العامة

Ex: The public was outraged by the increase in taxes. 
punishment
punishment
[اسم]

the act or process of making someone suffer a consequence for wrongdoing

Ex: The judge said that punishment was necessary because of the seriousness of the crime. 
right
right
[اسم]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

حق, امتياز

حق, امتياز

Ex: Citizens are granted the right to a fair trial under the law. 
to arrest
to arrest
[فعل]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

اعتقل

اعتقل

Ex: Last year, the detective unexpectedly arrested the suspect after a thorough investigation. 
to ban
to ban
[فعل]

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

حظر, منع

حظر, منع

Ex: In an effort to combat illegal fishing practices, the government banned the use of drift nets in its territorial waters. 
state
state
[اسم]

one of the political areas with limited law-making abilities that together form a federal country, like those of Germany or the US

ولاية, دولة

ولاية, دولة

Ex: California is the most populous state in the United States. 
to commit
to commit
[فعل]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

يرتكب, يقترف

يرتكب, يقترف

Ex: He was found guilty of committing embezzlement, misusing company funds for personal gain. 
to escape
to escape
[فعل]

to get away from captivity

يهرب, يفلت

يهرب, يفلت

Ex: Two prisoners escaped from the jail overnight. 
to investigate

to try to find the truth about a crime, accident, etc. by carefully examining its facts

تحقيق,  فحص

تحقيق, فحص

Ex: Detectives are investigating the cause of the fire. 
to murder
to murder
[فعل]

to unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being

يقتل, يغتال

يقتل, يغتال

Ex: If the crime goes unsolved, the killer will likely murder again. 
to punish
to punish
[فعل]

to make someone suffer a penalty or unpleasant consequence for wrongdoing

يعاقب, يعاقب

يعاقب, يعاقب

Ex: The school is punishing students who deliberately damage its property. 
to rule
to rule
[فعل]

to control and be in charge of a country

حكم, سيطر

حكم, سيطر

Ex: The dynasty ruled the country for centuries. 
thief
thief
[اسم]

a person who steals something that belongs to someone else

لص,  سارق

لص, سارق

Ex: Sarah shouted for help when she saw a thief grabbing a woman's bag. 
to vote
to vote
[فعل]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

يصوت, يبدي رأيه بالتصويت

يصوت, يبدي رأيه بالتصويت

Ex: Right now, eligible voters are voting in polling stations. 
conference
conference
[اسم]

an official meeting where a group of people discuss a certain matter, which often continues for days

مؤتمر

مؤتمر

Ex: He attended a three-day conference on climate change in Berlin. 
statement
statement
[اسم]

an official announcement regarding something specific

بيان,  إعلان

بيان, إعلان

Ex: The school released a statement explaining the new policy. 
flag
flag
[اسم]

a piece of cloth or similar material bearing a distinctive design and used as a symbol, signal, or identifier

Ex: A company flag flew outside the headquarters. 
blood money
blood money
[اسم]

an amount of money given by law to the close relatives of a murdered victim

مال الدم, ثمن الدم

مال الدم, ثمن الدم

to free
to free
[فعل]

to release someone from captivity or arrest

يحرر, يطلق سراح

يحرر, يطلق سراح

Ex: The court's decision was to free the accused individual due to insufficient proof. 
death penalty

the punishment of killing a criminal, which is officially ordered by a court

عقوبة الإعدام, حكم الإعدام

عقوبة الإعدام, حكم الإعدام

Ex: The death penalty is rarely used in some states. 

نادراً ما يُستخدم عقوبة الإعدام في بعض الولايات.

criminal
criminal
[صفة]

related to or involving illegal activities

إجرامي, جنائي

إجرامي, جنائي

Ex: The judge handed down a harsh sentence due to the criminal nature of the defendant's actions. 
criminal
criminal
[اسم]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

مجرم, إجرامي

مجرم, إجرامي

Ex: The detectives worked hard to catch the dangerous criminal. 
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