Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Problemi sociali

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sui problemi sociali, come "persecuzione", "illegale", "disordine", ecc., che sono necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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discrimination

[sostantivo]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminazione

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Si è espressa contro la **discriminazione** dopo aver assistito a un trattamento ingiusto dei suoi colleghi.

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persecution

[sostantivo]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

persecuzione

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affirmative action

[sostantivo]

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

azione affermativa

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to marginalize

[Verbo]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

emarginare

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .**Emarginando** prospettive diverse, limitiamo la nostra capacità di affrontare efficacemente complessi problemi sociali.

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class struggle

[sostantivo]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lotta di classe

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .L'attivista ha parlato dell'attuale **lotta di classe** negli ambienti urbani moderni.

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deportation

[sostantivo]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportazione

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .Nonostante vivesse nel paese da anni, ha affrontato la **deportazione** dopo essere stato condannato per un crimine grave.

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political asylum

[sostantivo]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo politico

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .Il governo ha concesso l'**asilo politico** al giornalista fuggito da un regime repressivo.

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asylum seeker

[sostantivo]

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

richiedente asilo

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illegal

[sostantivo]

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

illegale

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immigration

[sostantivo]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

immigrazione

Ex: After decades of immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .Dopo decenni di **immigrazione**, il quartiere è diventato una comunità multiculturale vivace.

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emigration

[sostantivo]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

emigrazione

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naturalization

[sostantivo]

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

naturalizzazione

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bigotry

[sostantivo]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigottismo

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Hanno lavorato duramente per sfidare **il bigottismo** che era prevalente nella loro società.

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intolerance

[sostantivo]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

intolleranza

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deprivation

[sostantivo]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

privazione

Ex: Economic deprivation was evident in the rundown neighborhoods .La **privazione** economica era evidente nei quartieri degradati.

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disadvantaged

[aggettivo]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

socialmente svantaggiato

Ex: Growing up in a disadvantaged area , she faced limited opportunities for advancement .Crescendo in un'area **svantaggiata**, ha affrontato opportunità limitate per avanzare.

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vagrancy

[sostantivo]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

vagabondaggio

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unrest

[sostantivo]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitazione

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .L'aumento dei prezzi del carburante ha causato **malcontento** tra i lavoratori.

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uprising

[sostantivo]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

sommossa, ribellione

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subsistence

[sostantivo]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

sussistenza

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .La famiglia ha lottato per mantenere la **sussistenza** nella loro piccola fattoria.

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refuge

[sostantivo]

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

rifugio

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poverty-stricken

[aggettivo]

suffering from extreme deprivation

poveri

Ex: Many poverty-stricken families rely on government assistance to survive .Molte famiglie **colpite dalla povertà** dipendono dagli aiuti governativi per sopravvivere.

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to impoverish

[Verbo]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

impoverire

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Quando le riforme furono introdotte, la regione era già stata **impoverita**.

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indigent

[aggettivo]

extremely poor or in need

indigente

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.L'organizzazione no-profit mirava a fornire supporto e risorse alla comunità **indigente**.

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modern slavery

[sostantivo]

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

schiavitù moderna

Ex: Modern slavery thrives in environments where vulnerable populations lack legal protections , economic opportunities , or social support networks .**La schiavitù moderna** prospera in ambienti in cui le popolazioni vulnerabili mancano di protezioni legali, opportunità economiche o reti di supporto sociale.

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to lay off

[Verbo]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

licenziare

Ex: The restaurant is laying off 20 waiters and waitresses due to the slow summer season .Il ristorante sta **licenziando** 20 camerieri e cameriere a causa della lenta stagione estiva.

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trafficking

[sostantivo]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

mercimonio

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malnutrition

[sostantivo]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

denutrizione

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .Nonostante i progressi degli ultimi anni, la **malnutrizione** continua a rappresentare una sfida significativa, sottolineando la necessità di sforzi sostenuti e investimenti in programmi e politiche nutrizionali.

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passive smoking

[sostantivo]

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

fumo passivo

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homophobia

[sostantivo]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

omofobia

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.La nuova politica della scuola affronta e cerca di ridurre l'**omofobia**.

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hard drug

[sostantivo]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

droga dura

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soft drug

[sostantivo]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

farmaco morbido