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Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Социальные проблемы

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о социальных проблемах, такие как "преследование", "незаконный", "беспорядки" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
discrimination
discrimination
[существительное]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

дискриминация

дискриминация

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
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persecution
persecution
[существительное]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

преследование

преследование

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affirmative action
affirmative action
[существительное]

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

позитивные действия

позитивные действия

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to marginalize
to marginalize
[глагол]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

маргинализировать, изолировать

маргинализировать, изолировать

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
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class struggle
class struggle
[существительное]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

классовая борьба

классовая борьба

Ex: The novel explores themes of class struggle in a rapidly industrializing society. 
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deportation
deportation
[существительное]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

депортация

депортация

Ex: The authorities ordered the deportation of illegal immigrants. 
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political asylum
political asylum
[существительное]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

политическое убежище

политическое убежище

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 
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asylum seeker
asylum seeker
[существительное]

a person who has fled their home country due to fear of persecution, based on race, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, and is seeking international protection in another country

проситель убежища

проситель убежища

Ex: The asylum seeker arrived at the border and requested protection from political violence. 
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illegal
illegal
[существительное]

a person who resides or works in a country in violation of its laws

незаконный

незаконный

Ex: Authorities deported several illegals last week. 
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immigration
immigration
[существительное]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

иммиграция

иммиграция

Ex: The country has seen a rise in immigration due to its strong job market and high quality of life. 
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emigration
emigration
[существительное]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

эмиграция

эмиграция

Ex: Her grandparents experienced emigration in the 1950s. 
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naturalization
naturalization
[существительное]

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

принятие гражданства

принятие гражданства

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bigotry
bigotry
[существительное]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

фанатизм

фанатизм

Ex: The community was shocked by the bigotry expressed in the hateful speech. 
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intolerance
intolerance
[существительное]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

нетерпимость

нетерпимость

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deprivation
deprivation
[существительное]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

лишение

лишение

Ex: The long-term deprivation of food and water led to serious health issues. 
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disadvantaged
disadvantaged
[прилагательное]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

обездоленный, неблагополучные

обездоленный, неблагополучные

Ex: The disadvantaged neighborhood lacked access to quality education and healthcare. 
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vagrancy
vagrancy
[существительное]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

бродяжничество

бродяжничество

Ex: He was arrested for vagrancy. 
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unrest
unrest
[существительное]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

беспорядки, волнения

беспорядки, волнения

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
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uprising
uprising
[существительное]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

восстание

восстание

Ex: The peasant uprising was brutally crushed by the king's army. 
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subsistence
subsistence
[существительное]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

пропитание

пропитание

Ex: The workers earned barely enough for subsisten 
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refuge
refuge
[существительное]

a place or structure that provides protection from danger, adversity, or hardship

убежище

убежище

Ex: The hikers found refuge in a mountain cabin during the storm. 
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poverty-stricken
poverty-stricken
[прилагательное]

suffering from extreme deprivation

страдающий от нищеты

страдающий от нищеты

Ex: The poverty-stricken village struggled with limited access to clean water. 
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to impoverish
to impoverish
[глагол]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

обеднять

обеднять

Ex: The economic crisis began to impoverish many families in the region. 
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indigent
indigent
[прилагательное]

extremely poor or in need

неимущий

неимущий

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
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modern slavery
modern slavery
[существительное]

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

современное рабство

современное рабство

Ex: Victims of modern slavery may be subjected to forced labor, where they are coerced to work under threat or deception, or they may be trafficked for purposes such as sexual exploitation or forced marriage. 
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to lay off
to lay off
[глагол]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

увольнять

увольнять

Ex: The company laid off 10% of its workforce due to financial losses. 
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trafficking
trafficking
[существительное]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

незаконная торговля

незаконная торговля

Ex: He was arrested for drug trafficking. 
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malnutrition
malnutrition
[существительное]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

недоедание

недоедание

Ex: Malnutrition remains a pressing global health issue, particularly affecting children in developing countries. 
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passive smoking
passive smoking
[существительное]

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

пассивное курение

пассивное курение

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homophobia
homophobia
[существительное]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

гомофобия

гомофобия

Ex: The campaign aims to raise awareness about the effects of homophobia. 
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hard drug
hard drug
[существительное]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

сильный наркотик

сильный наркотик

Ex: The police arrested him for using a hard drug. 
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soft drug
soft drug
[существительное]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

легкие наркотики

легкие наркотики

Ex: Cannabis is often classified as a soft drug. 
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displacement
displacement
[существительное]

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

перемещение

перемещение

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