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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Problemas Sociales

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre problemas sociales, como "persecution", "illegal", "unrest", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
discrimination
[Sustantivo]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminación

discriminación

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Ella habló en contra de la **discriminación** después de presenciar un trato injusto hacia sus colegas.
persecution
[Sustantivo]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

persecución

persecución

affirmative action
[Sustantivo]

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

discriminación positiva

discriminación positiva

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

marginar

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Al **marginizar** diversas perspectivas, limitamos nuestra capacidad para abordar problemas sociales complejos de manera efectiva.
class struggle
[Sustantivo]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lucha de clases

lucha de clases

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .El activista habló sobre la **lucha de clases** en curso en los entornos urbanos modernos.
deportation
[Sustantivo]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportación

deportación

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .A pesar de vivir en el país durante años, enfrentó la **deportación** después de ser condenado por un delito grave.
political asylum
[Sustantivo]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo político

asilo político

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .El gobierno concedió **asilo político** al periodista que huyó de un régimen represivo.
asylum seeker
[Sustantivo]

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

solicitante de asilo

solicitante de asilo

illegal
[Sustantivo]

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

ilegal

ilegal

immigration
[Sustantivo]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

inmigración

inmigración

Ex: After decades of immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .Después de décadas de **inmigración**, el vecindario se ha convertido en una comunidad multicultural vibrante.
emigration
[Sustantivo]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

emigración

emigración

naturalization
[Sustantivo]

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

naturalización

naturalización

bigotry
[Sustantivo]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

intolerancia

intolerancia

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Trabajaron duro para desafiar **la intolerancia** que prevalecía en su sociedad.
intolerance
[Sustantivo]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

intolerancia

intolerancia

deprivation
[Sustantivo]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

privación

privación

Ex: Economic deprivation was evident in the rundown neighborhoods .La **privación** económica era evidente en los barrios deteriorados.
disadvantaged
[Adjetivo]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

desfavorecido

desfavorecido

Ex: Growing up in a disadvantaged area , she faced limited opportunities for advancement .Al crecer en un área **desfavorecida**, enfrentó oportunidades limitadas para avanzar.
vagrancy
[Sustantivo]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

vagabundeo

vagabundeo

unrest
[Sustantivo]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

disturbios

disturbios

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .El aumento en los precios del combustible causó **malestar** entre los trabajadores.
uprising
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

levantamiento

levantamiento

subsistence
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

subsistencia

subsistencia

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .La familia luchó por mantener la **subsistencia** en su pequeña granja.
refuge
[Sustantivo]

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

refugio

refugio

suffering from extreme deprivation

golpeado por la pobreza

golpeado por la pobreza

Ex: Many poverty-stricken families rely on government assistance to survive .Muchas familias **afectadas por la pobreza** dependen de la asistencia gubernamental para sobrevivir.

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

empobrecer

empobrecer

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Para cuando se introdujeron las reformas, la región ya había sido **empobrecida**.
indigent
[Adjetivo]

extremely poor or in need

indigente

indigente

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.La organización sin fines de lucro tenía como objetivo brindar apoyo y recursos a la comunidad **indigente**.
modern slavery
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

esclavitud moderna

esclavitud moderna

Ex: Modern slavery thrives in environments where vulnerable populations lack legal protections , economic opportunities , or social support networks .**La esclavitud moderna** prospera en entornos donde las poblaciones vulnerables carecen de protecciones legales, oportunidades económicas o redes de apoyo social.
to lay off
[Verbo]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

despedir

despedir

Ex: The restaurant is laying off 20 waiters and waitresses due to the slow summer season .El restaurante está **despidiendo** a 20 camareros y camareras debido a la lenta temporada de verano.
trafficking
[Sustantivo]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

tráfico

tráfico

malnutrition
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

desnutrición

desnutrición

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .A pesar del progreso en los últimos años, la **desnutrición** sigue siendo un desafío significativo, destacando la necesidad de esfuerzos sostenidos e inversión en programas y políticas de nutrición.
passive smoking
[Sustantivo]

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

tabaquismo pasivo

tabaquismo pasivo

homophobia
[Sustantivo]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia

homofobia

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.La nueva política de la escuela aborda y busca reducir la **homofobia**.
hard drug
[Sustantivo]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

drogas duras

drogas duras

soft drug
[Sustantivo]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

droga blanda

droga blanda

displacement
[Sustantivo]

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

desplazamiento

desplazamiento

Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL
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