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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Problemas Sociales

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre problemas sociales, como "persecution", "illegal", "unrest", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
discrimination
discrimination
[Sustantivo]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminación

discriminación

Ex: Efforts to reduce discrimination in the workplace include implementing diversity training programs. 

Los esfuerzos para reducir la discriminación en el lugar de trabajo incluyen la implementación de programas de capacitación en diversidad.

persecution
persecution
[Sustantivo]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

persecución

persecución

affirmative action
affirmative action
[Sustantivo]

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

discriminación positiva

discriminación positiva

to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

marginar

Ex: The company's policies inadvertently marginalized employees with disabilities, making it difficult for them to fully participate in the workplace. 

Las políticas de la empresa marginaron inadvertidamente a los empleados con discapacidades, dificultando su participación plena en el lugar de trabajo.

class struggle
class struggle
[Sustantivo]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lucha de clases

lucha de clases

Ex: The film depicts the class struggle between the wealthy elite and the working class. 

La película representa la lucha de clases entre la élite adinerada y la clase trabajadora.

deportation
deportation
[Sustantivo]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

deportación

deportación

Ex: Deportation is commonly applied to those convicted of serious crimes. 

Deportación se aplica comúnmente a aquellos condenados por delitos graves.

political asylum
political asylum
[Sustantivo]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo político

asilo político

Ex: Many refugees apply for political asylum when they escape political violence. 

Muchos refugiados solicitan asilo político cuando escapan de la violencia política.

asylum seeker
asylum seeker
[Sustantivo]

a person who has fled their home country due to fear of persecution, based on race, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, and is seeking international protection in another country

solicitante de asilo

solicitante de asilo

Ex: The government provided temporary housing for newly arrived asylum seekers. 

El gobierno proporcionó vivienda temporal a los solicitantes de asilo recién llegados.

illegal
illegal
[Sustantivo]

a person who resides or works in a country in violation of its laws

ilegal

ilegal

Ex: He was arrested as an illegal for working without a permit. 

Fue arrestado como ilegal por trabajar sin permiso.

immigration
immigration
[Sustantivo]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

inmigración

inmigración

Ex: She applied for immigration status after marrying a citizen of the country. 

Solicitó el estatus de inmigración después de casarse con un ciudadano del país.

emigration
emigration
[Sustantivo]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

emigración

emigración

Ex: The government introduced policies to control emigration. 

El gobierno introdujo políticas para controlar la emigración.

naturalization
naturalization
[Sustantivo]

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

naturalización

naturalización

bigotry
bigotry
[Sustantivo]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

intolerancia

intolerancia

Ex: The film highlighted the impact of bigotry on marginalized groups. 

La película destacó el impacto de la intolerancia en los grupos marginados.

intolerance
intolerance
[Sustantivo]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

intolerancia

intolerancia

deprivation
deprivation
[Sustantivo]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

privación

privación

Ex: Childhood deprivation can have lasting effects on an individual's well-being. 

La privación en la infancia puede tener efectos duraderos en el bienestar de un individuo.

disadvantaged
disadvantaged
[Adjetivo]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

desfavorecido

desfavorecido

Ex: The disadvantaged students received scholarships to help them pursue higher education. 

Los estudiantes desfavorecidos recibieron becas para ayudarlos a continuar su educación superior.

vagrancy
vagrancy
[Sustantivo]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

vagabundeo

vagabundeo

Ex: Vagrancy can result from unemployment or poverty. 

La vagancia puede resultar del desempleo o la pobreza.

unrest
unrest
[Sustantivo]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

disturbios

disturbios

Ex: Unrest grew after the controversial election results were announced. 

El malestar aumentó después de que se anunciaran los controvertidos resultados electorales.

uprising
uprising
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

levantamiento

levantamiento

Ex: Historians debate whether the uprising was a revolution or a riot. 

Los historiadores debaten si el levantamiento fue una revolución o un disturbio.

subsistence
subsistence
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

subsistencia

subsistencia

Ex: Farming provided only subsistence, leaving no surplus for savings. 

La agricultura proporcionaba solo subsistencia, sin dejar ningún excedente para ahorrar.

refuge
refuge
[Sustantivo]

a place or structure that provides protection from danger, adversity, or hardship

refugio

refugio

Ex: She sought refuge from the harsh winter in a warm home. 

Buscó refugio del duro invierno en un hogar cálido.

poverty-stricken

suffering from extreme deprivation

golpeado por la pobreza

golpeado por la pobreza

Ex: Aid organizations delivered supplies to the poverty-stricken region. 

Las organizaciones de ayuda entregaron suministros a la región azotada por la pobreza.

to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

empobrecer

empobrecer

Ex: Corruption in the government can impoverish a country’s citizens. 

La corrupción en el gobierno puede empobrecer a los ciudadanos de un país.

indigent
indigent
[Adjetivo]

extremely poor or in need

indigente

indigente

Ex: Despite their best efforts, they remained indigent due to a lack of job opportunities. 

A pesar de sus mejores esfuerzos, permanecieron indigentes debido a la falta de oportunidades laborales.

modern slavery
modern slavery
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

esclavitud moderna

esclavitud moderna

Ex: Modern slavery thrives in environments where vulnerable populations lack legal protections, economic opportunities, or social support networks. 

La esclavitud moderna prospera en entornos donde las poblaciones vulnerables carecen de protecciones legales, oportunidades económicas o redes de apoyo social.

to lay off
to lay off
[Verbo]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

despedir

despedir

Ex: The government laid thousands of workers off due to budget cuts. 

El gobierno despidió a miles de trabajadores debido a los recortes presupuestarios.

trafficking
trafficking
[Sustantivo]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

tráfico

tráfico

Ex: Trafficking in counterfeit goods is a serious crime. 

El tráfico de mercancías falsificadas es un delito grave.

malnutrition
malnutrition
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

desnutrición

desnutrición

Ex: Addressing malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach that includes access to nutritious food, clean water, healthcare, and education. 

Abordar la desnutrición requiere un enfoque integral que incluya acceso a alimentos nutritivos, agua limpia, atención médica y educación.

passive smoking
passive smoking
[Sustantivo]

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

tabaquismo pasivo

tabaquismo pasivo

homophobia
homophobia
[Sustantivo]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia

homofobia

Ex: The organization works to eliminate homophobia through advocacy and support. 

La organización trabaja para eliminar la homofobia a través de la defensa y el apoyo.

hard drug
hard drug
[Sustantivo]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

drogas duras

drogas duras

Ex: Addiction to hard drugs is difficult to overcome. 

La adicción a las drogas duras es difícil de superar.

soft drug
soft drug
[Sustantivo]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

droga blanda

droga blanda

Ex: Experimenting with soft drugs can still carry risks. 

Experimentar con drogas blandas aún puede conllevar riesgos.

displacement
displacement
[Sustantivo]

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

desplazamiento

desplazamiento

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