TOEFL के लिए उन्नत शब्दावली - सामाजिक समस्याएं

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

भेदभाव

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

उत्पीड़न

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

सकारात्मक कार्य

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

अवमूल्यन करना

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

वर्ग संघर्ष

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

देपोर्टेशन

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

राजनीतिक आश्रय

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

शरणार्थी

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

अवैध अप्रवासी

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

आव्रजन

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

प्रवासन

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

नागरिकता प्राप्ति

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

पारंपरिकता

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

असहिष्णुता

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

निवृत्ति

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

वंचित

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

भिक्षाटन

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

असंतोष

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

उद्वेलन

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

जीविका

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

शरण

suffering from extreme deprivation

गरीब

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

गरीब बनाना

extremely poor or in need

निर्धन

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

आधुनिक दासता

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

निकालना

the buying and selling of goods illegally

स्मगलिंग

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

असभ्य खानपान

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

निष्क्रिय धूम्रपान

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

समलैंगिकता से नफरत

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

कठोर नशा

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

मुलायम मादक पदार्थ

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

स्थानांतरण