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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Problèmes Sociaux

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur les problèmes sociaux, tels que "persécution", "illégal", "agitation", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
discrimination

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discrimination

discrimination

Ex: Discrimination based on race, gender, or religion is illegal in many countries. 

La discrimination basée sur la race, le sexe ou la religion est illégale dans de nombreux pays.

persecution

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

persécution

persécution

affirmative action

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

discrimination positive

discrimination positive

to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

marginaliser

Ex: People of color are often marginalized in mainstream media, leading to underrepresentation and stereotypes. 

Les personnes de couleur sont souvent marginalisées dans les médias grand public, ce qui conduit à une sous-représentation et à des stéréotypes.

class struggle

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lutte des classes

lutte des classes

Ex: Marxist theory focuses on the dynamics of class struggle and its impact on social change. 

La théorie marxiste se concentre sur la dynamique de la lutte des classes et son impact sur le changement social.

deportation

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

expulsion

expulsion

Ex: Her deportation followed repeated violations of visa regulations. 

Expulsion a suivi des violations répétées des règlements sur les visas.

political asylum

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asile politique

asile politique

Ex: His application for political asylum was approved after a thorough review. 

Sa demande d'asile politique a été approuvée après un examen approfondi.

asylum seeker

a person who has fled their home country due to fear of persecution, based on race, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, and is seeking international protection in another country

demandeur d'asile, demandeuse d'asile

demandeur d'asile, demandeuse d'asile

Ex: Asylum seekers often wait months or years for their cases to be processed. 

Les demandeurs d'asile attendent souvent des mois ou des années que leurs dossiers soient traités.

illegal
illegal
[nom]

a person who resides or works in a country in violation of its laws

clandestin, clandestine

clandestin, clandestine

Ex: The town provided limited services to illegals. 

La ville a fourni des services limités aux immigrants illégaux.

immigration

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

immigration

immigration

Ex: The new immigration policies are aimed at controlling the flow of people across the border. 

Les nouvelles politiques d'immigration visent à contrôler le flux de personnes à travers la frontière.

emigration

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

émigration

émigration

Ex: Many young people consider emigration for better job opportunities. 

De nombreux jeunes envisagent l'émigration pour de meilleures opportunités d'emploi.

naturalization

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

naturalisation

naturalisation

bigotry
bigotry
[nom]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

sectarisme, intolérance

sectarisme, intolérance

Ex: She spoke out against the bigotry that was affecting the workplace environment. 

Elle s'est prononcée contre l'intolérance qui affectait l'environnement de travail.

intolerance

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

intolérance

intolérance

deprivation

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

privation

privation

Ex: The community faced severe deprivation due to the ongoing drought. 

La communauté a fait face à une privation sévère en raison de la sécheresse persistante.

disadvantaged
disadvantaged
[Adjectif]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

désavantagé

désavantagé

Ex: Many disadvantaged families struggle to afford basic necessities such as food and shelter. 

De nombreuses familles défavorisées ont du mal à se payer des nécessités de base comme la nourriture et un logement.

vagrancy

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

vagabondage

vagabondage

Ex: Many cities have laws against vagrancy. 

De nombreuses villes ont des lois contre le vagabondage.

unrest
unrest
[nom]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitation, troubles

agitation, troubles

Ex: Economic hardships led to increasing unrest among the population. 

Les difficultés économiques ont conduit à une augmentation des troubles parmi la population.

uprising

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

soulèvement

soulèvement

Ex: Social media helped organize the uprising against the corrupt government. 

Les médias sociaux ont aidé à organiser le soulèvement contre le gouvernement corrompu.

subsistence

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

strict minimum

strict minimum

Ex: Many people in the rural area rely on fishing for their subsistence. 

Beaucoup de gens dans les zones rurales dépendent de la pêche pour leur subsistance.

refuge
refuge
[nom]

a place or structure that provides protection from danger, adversity, or hardship

refuge, asile

refuge, asile

Ex: The villagers took refuge in a fortified building during the attack. 

Les villageois ont pris refuge dans un bâtiment fortifié pendant l'attaque.

poverty-stricken

suffering from extreme deprivation

frappé par la pauvreté

frappé par la pauvreté

Ex: She came from a poverty-stricken background but worked hard to succeed. 

Elle venait d'un milieu frappé par la pauvreté mais a travaillé dur pour réussir.

to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

appauvrir

appauvrir

Ex: Poor policies can impoverish a country by draining its resources. 

Les mauvaises politiques peuvent appauvrir un pays en épuisant ses ressources.

indigent
indigent
[Adjectif]

extremely poor or in need

indigent

indigent

Ex: The indigent family lived in a shelter provided by the local charity. 

La famille indigente vivait dans un abri fourni par une œuvre caritative locale.

modern slavery

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

esclavage moderne

esclavage moderne

Ex: Efforts to combat modern slavery include raising awareness, strengthening legislation, and providing support services for survivors. 

Les efforts pour lutter contre l'esclavage moderne comprennent la sensibilisation, le renforcement de la législation et la fourniture de services de soutien aux survivants.

to lay off
to lay off
[verbe]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

licencier, renvoyer

licencier, renvoyer

Ex: The factory laid off 50 workers after installing new automated machinery. 

L'usine a licencié 50 travailleurs après l'installation de nouvelles machines automatisées.

trafficking

the buying and selling of goods illegally

trafic

trafic

Ex: The government works to prevent arms trafficking. 

Le gouvernement travaille à prévenir le trafic d'armes.

malnutrition

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

malnutrition

malnutrition

Ex: The effects of malnutrition can be devastating, leading to stunted growth, weakened immune systems, and impaired cognitive development. 

Les effets de la malnutrition peuvent être dévastateurs, entraînant un retard de croissance, un affaiblissement du système immunitaire et une altération du développement cognitif.

passive smoking

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

tabagisme passif

tabagisme passif

homophobia

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homophobie

homophobie

Ex: She spoke out against the homophobia she experienced at work. 

Elle s'est prononcée contre l'homophobie qu'elle a vécue au travail.

hard drug

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

drogues dures

drogues dures

Ex: Hard drugs can seriously damage health. 

Les drogues dures peuvent sérieusement nuire à la santé.

soft drug

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

drogue douce

drogue douce

Ex: Some countries allow limited use of soft drugs. 

Certains pays autorisent l'usage limité de drogues douces.

displacement

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

déplacement

déplacement

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