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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Problèmes Sociaux

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur les problèmes sociaux, tels que "persécution", "illégal", "agitation", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discrimination

discrimination

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Elle s'est prononcée contre la **discrimination** après avoir été témoin d'un traitement injuste envers ses collègues.

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

persécution

persécution

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

discrimination positive

discrimination positive

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

marginaliser

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .En **marginalisant** les perspectives diverses, nous limitons notre capacité à traiter efficacement les problèmes sociaux complexes.

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lutte des classes

lutte des classes

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .L'activiste a parlé de la **lutte des classes** en cours dans les environnements urbains modernes.

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

expulsion

expulsion

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .Malgré des années passées dans le pays, il a été confronté à une **expulsion** après avoir été reconnu coupable d'un crime grave.

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asile politique

asile politique

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .Le gouvernement a accordé l'**asile politique** au journaliste qui a fui un régime répressif.

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

demandeur d'asile, demandeuse d'asile

demandeur d'asile, demandeuse d'asile

illegal
[nom]

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

clandestin, clandestine

clandestin, clandestine

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

immigration

immigration

Ex: After decades of immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .Après des décennies d'**immigration**, le quartier est devenu une communauté multiculturelle dynamique.

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

émigration

émigration

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

naturalisation

naturalisation

bigotry
[nom]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

sectarisme, intolérance

sectarisme, intolérance

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Ils ont travaillé dur pour contester **l'intolérance** qui était répandue dans leur société.

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

intolérance

intolérance

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

privation

privation

Ex: Economic deprivation was evident in the rundown neighborhoods .La **privation** économique était évidente dans les quartiers délabrés.
disadvantaged
[Adjectif]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

désavantagé

désavantagé

Ex: Growing up in a disadvantaged area , she faced limited opportunities for advancement .En grandissant dans une zone **défavorisée**, elle a fait face à des opportunités limitées pour progresser.

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

vagabondage

vagabondage

unrest
[nom]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitation, troubles

agitation, troubles

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .La hausse des prix du carburant a provoqué de **l'agitation** parmi les travailleurs.

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

soulèvement

soulèvement

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

strict minimum

strict minimum

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .La famille a lutté pour maintenir la **subsistance** sur leur petite ferme.
refuge
[nom]

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

refuge, asile

refuge, asile

suffering from extreme deprivation

frappé par la pauvreté

frappé par la pauvreté

Ex: Many poverty-stricken families rely on government assistance to survive .De nombreuses familles **frappées par la pauvreté** dépendent de l'aide gouvernementale pour survivre.

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

appauvrir

appauvrir

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Au moment où les réformes ont été introduites, la région avait déjà été **appauvrie**.
indigent
[Adjectif]

extremely poor or in need

indigent

indigent

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.L'organisation à but non lucratif visait à fournir un soutien et des ressources à la communauté **indigente**.

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

esclavage moderne

esclavage moderne

Ex: Modern slavery thrives in environments where vulnerable populations lack legal protections , economic opportunities , or social support networks .**L'esclavage moderne** prospère dans des environnements où les populations vulnérables manquent de protections juridiques, d'opportunités économiques ou de réseaux de soutien social.
to lay off
[verbe]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

licencier, renvoyer

licencier, renvoyer

Ex: The restaurant is laying off 20 waiters and waitresses due to the slow summer season .Le restaurant **licencie** 20 serveurs et serveuses en raison de la saison estivale lente.

the buying and selling of goods illegally

trafic

trafic

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

malnutrition

malnutrition

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .Malgré les progrès réalisés ces dernières années, la **malnutrition** continue d'être un défi majeur, soulignant la nécessité d'efforts soutenus et d'investissements dans les programmes et politiques de nutrition.

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

tabagisme passif

tabagisme passif

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homophobie

homophobie

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.La nouvelle politique de l'école aborde et cherche à réduire l'**homophobie**.

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

drogues dures

drogues dures

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

drogue douce

drogue douce

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

déplacement

déplacement

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