TOEFL을 위한 고급 어휘 - 사회적 문제

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

차별

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

박해, 탄압

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

우대 조치, 긍정적 차별

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

소외시키다, 하위에 두다

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

계급 투쟁, 계급 갈등

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

추방, 강제 송환

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

정치적 망명, 정치적 망명 신청

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

망명 신청자, 망명 희망자

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

불법 체류자, 불법 이민자

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

이민

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

이민

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

귀화, 시민권 부여

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

편견, 차별

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

불관용

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

박탈, 부족

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

저소득층의, 불리한

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

부랑자 상태, 노숙

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

불안, 항의

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

봉기, 반란

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

생존, 유지

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

피난처, 대피소

suffering from extreme deprivation

가난한, 극심한 가난에 시달리는

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

가난하게 만들다, 빈곤하게 하다

extremely poor or in need

가난한, 궁핍한

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

현대 노예제, 강제 노동

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

해고하다, 감원하다

the buying and selling of goods illegally

밀매, 불법 거래

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

영양실조

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

간접흡연, 패시브 스모킹

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

호모포비아

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

강력한 마약, 하드드러그

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

부드러운 약물, 레크리에이션 약물

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

이동, 추방