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托福高级词汇 - 社会问题

在这里你将学习托福考试所需的一些有关社会问题的英语单词,例如“persecution”、“illegal”、“unrest”等。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

歧视, 辨别

歧视, 辨别

Ex: She spoke out discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .
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persecution
[名词]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

迫害, 压迫

迫害, 压迫

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the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

平权行动, 肯定性行动

平权行动, 肯定性行动

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to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

边缘化, 排斥

边缘化, 排斥

Ex: marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .
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the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

阶级斗争, 阶级冲突

阶级斗争, 阶级冲突

Ex: The activist spoke about the class struggle in modern urban environments .
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deportation
[名词]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

驱逐出境,  deportation

驱逐出境, deportation

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .
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the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

政治庇护, 政治避难

政治庇护, 政治避难

Ex: The government political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .
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someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

避难者, 寻求庇护者

避难者, 寻求庇护者

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illegal
[名词]

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

非法移民, 非法劳工

非法移民, 非法劳工

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immigration
[名词]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

移民, 移居

移民, 移居

Ex: After decades immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .
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emigration
[名词]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

移民, 迁移

移民, 迁移

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the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

归化, 入籍

归化, 入籍

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bigotry
[名词]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

偏执, 偏见

偏执, 偏见

Ex: They worked hard to challenge bigotry that was prevalent in their society .
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intolerance
[名词]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

不容忍, 偏狭

不容忍, 偏狭

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deprivation
[名词]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

剥夺, 匮乏

剥夺, 匮乏

Ex: deprivation was evident in the rundown neighborhoods .
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disadvantaged
[形容词]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

处于不利环境的, 经济困难的

处于不利环境的, 经济困难的

Ex: Growing up in disadvantaged area , she faced limited opportunities for advancement .
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vagrancy
[名词]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

流浪, 乞讨

流浪, 乞讨

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unrest
[名词]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

动荡, 骚乱

动荡, 骚乱

Ex: The rise in fuel prices unrest among the workers .
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uprising
[名词]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

起义, 暴动

起义, 暴动

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subsistence
[名词]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

生存, 维持生计

生存, 维持生计

Ex: The family struggled to subsistence on their small farm .
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refuge
[名词]

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

避难所, 庇护所

避难所, 庇护所

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poverty-stricken
[形容词]

suffering from extreme deprivation

贫困的, 困窘的

贫困的, 困窘的

Ex: poverty-stricken families rely on government assistance to survive .
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to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

使贫困, 使贫乏

使贫困, 使贫乏

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already impoverished.
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indigent
[形容词]

extremely poor or in need

贫困的, 赤贫的

贫困的, 赤贫的

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.
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a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

现代奴隶制, 现代奴役

现代奴隶制, 现代奴役

Ex: Modern slavery thrives in environments where vulnerable populations lack legal protections , economic opportunities , or social support networks .
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to lay off
[动词]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

裁员, 解雇

裁员, 解雇

Ex: The restaurant laying off 20 waiters and waitresses due to the slow summer season .
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trafficking
[名词]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

贩运, 非法交易

贩运, 非法交易

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malnutrition
[名词]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

营养不良, 营养失调

营养不良, 营养失调

Ex: Despite progress in recent yearsmalnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .
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the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

被动吸烟, 二手烟吸入

被动吸烟, 二手烟吸入

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homophobia
[名词]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

恐同症, 对同性恋的偏见

恐同症, 对同性恋的偏见

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to homophobia.
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hard drug
[名词]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

毒品, 麻醉品

毒品, 麻醉品

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soft drug
[名词]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

软性毒品, 轻度毒品

软性毒品, 轻度毒品

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displacement
[名词]

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

流离失所, 迁移

流离失所, 迁移

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