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托福高级词汇 - 社会问题

在这里,你将学习一些关于社会问题的英语单词,如“迫害”、“非法”、“动荡”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

歧视, 隔离

歧视, 隔离

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .在目睹了同事受到不公平待遇后,她公开反对**歧视**。
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persecution
[名词]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

迫害, 虐待

迫害, 虐待

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the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

平权行动, 积极区别对待

平权行动, 积极区别对待

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to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

边缘化, 忽视

边缘化, 忽视

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .通过**边缘化**多样化的观点,我们限制了有效解决复杂社会问题的能力。
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the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

阶级斗争, 阶级冲突

阶级斗争, 阶级冲突

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .活动家谈到了现代城市环境中正在进行的**阶级斗争**。
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deportation
[名词]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

驱逐出境,  递解出境

驱逐出境, 递解出境

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .尽管在该国生活多年,他在被判犯有严重罪行后仍面临**驱逐出境**。
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the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

政治庇护, 政治保护

政治庇护, 政治保护

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .政府授予了逃离压制政权的记者**政治庇护**。
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someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

寻求庇护者, 难民

寻求庇护者, 难民

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illegal
[名词]

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

非法移民, 非法者

非法移民, 非法者

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immigration
[名词]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

移民

移民

Ex: After decades of immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .经过几十年的**移民**,这个社区已经成为一个充满活力的多元文化社区。
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emigration
[名词]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

移民

移民

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the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

归化, 获得公民身份的过程

归化, 获得公民身份的过程

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bigotry
[名词]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

偏执, 不容忍

偏执, 不容忍

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .他们努力工作以挑战社会中普遍存在的**偏执**。
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intolerance
[名词]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

不宽容

不宽容

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deprivation
[名词]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

剥夺, 匮乏

剥夺, 匮乏

Ex: Economic deprivation was evident in the rundown neighborhoods .在破败的社区中,经济**剥夺**是显而易见的。
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disadvantaged
[形容词]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

处于不利地位的, 贫困的

处于不利地位的, 贫困的

Ex: Growing up in a disadvantaged area , she faced limited opportunities for advancement .在一个**贫困**地区长大,她面临着有限的发展机会。
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vagrancy
[名词]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

流浪, 无家可归状态

流浪, 无家可归状态

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unrest
[名词]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

动荡, 骚乱

动荡, 骚乱

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .燃料价格的上涨在工人中引起了**骚动**。
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uprising
[名词]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

起义, 暴动

起义, 暴动

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subsistence
[名词]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

生存, 生计

生存, 生计

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .这家人努力在他们的**小农场**上维持生计。
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refuge
[名词]

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

避难所, 庇护

避难所, 庇护

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poverty-stricken
[形容词]

suffering from extreme deprivation

贫困的, 赤贫的

贫困的, 赤贫的

Ex: Many poverty-stricken families rely on government assistance to survive .许多**贫困潦倒的**家庭依靠政府援助生存。
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to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

使贫困, 摧毁

使贫困, 摧毁

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.改革推出时,该地区已经**贫困化**了。
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indigent
[形容词]

extremely poor or in need

贫困的, 贫穷的

贫困的, 贫穷的

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.该非营利组织旨在为**贫困**社区提供支持和资源。
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a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

现代奴隶制, 当代强迫劳动

现代奴隶制, 当代强迫劳动

Ex: Modern slavery thrives in environments where vulnerable populations lack legal protections , economic opportunities , or social support networks .**现代奴隶制**在弱势群体缺乏法律保护、经济机会或社会支持网络的环境中盛行。
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to lay off
[动词]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

裁员, 解雇

裁员, 解雇

Ex: The restaurant is laying off 20 waiters and waitresses due to the slow summer season .由于夏季生意清淡,这家餐厅正在**裁员**20名服务员。
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trafficking
[名词]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

贩卖

贩卖

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malnutrition
[名词]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

营养不良, 营养不足

营养不良, 营养不足

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .尽管近年来取得了进展,**营养不良**仍然是一个重大挑战,突显了对营养计划和政策持续努力和投资的必要性。
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the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

被动吸烟, 接触二手烟

被动吸烟, 接触二手烟

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homophobia
[名词]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

恐同症, 对同性恋者的仇恨

恐同症, 对同性恋者的仇恨

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.学校的新政策旨在解决并寻求减少**恐同症**。
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hard drug
[名词]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

硬性毒品, 强效毒品

硬性毒品, 强效毒品

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soft drug
[名词]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

软性毒品, 轻度精神活性物质

软性毒品, 轻度精神活性物质

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displacement
[名词]

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

流离失所, 驱逐

流离失所, 驱逐

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托福高级词汇
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