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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Mga Suliraning Panlipunan

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa mga problemang panlipunan, tulad ng "pag-uusig", "ilegal", "kaguluhan", atbp., na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa TOEFL.

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Flashcards

Pagbaybay

Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
discrimination
discrimination
[Pangngalan]

the unfair treatment of a person or group based on characteristics such as race, sex, age, or religion

diskriminasyon,  hindi patas na pagtrato

diskriminasyon, hindi patas na pagtrato

Ex: The company was accused of discrimination against older workers. 
persecution
persecution
[Pangngalan]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

pag-uusig, pang-aapi

pag-uusig, pang-aapi

affirmative action
affirmative action
[Pangngalan]

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

aksiyong afirmatibo, positibong diskriminasyon

aksiyong afirmatibo, positibong diskriminasyon

to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalisahin, ibalik sa tabi

marginalisahin, ibalik sa tabi

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 

Sa kasaysayan, ang mga katutubong komunidad ay naging marginal at nawalan ng kanilang mga karapatan sa lupa.

class struggle
class struggle
[Pangngalan]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

pakikibaka ng uri, tunggalian ng uri

pakikibaka ng uri, tunggalian ng uri

Ex: The novel explores themes of class struggle in a rapidly industrializing society. 

Tinalakay ng nobela ang mga tema ng pakikibaka ng uri sa isang lipunang mabilis na industriyalisado.

deportation
deportation
[Pangngalan]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

pagpapaalis, deportasyon

pagpapaalis, deportasyon

Ex: The authorities ordered the deportation of illegal immigrants. 

Inutusan ng mga awtoridad ang pagpapaalis ng mga ilegal na imigrante.

political asylum
political asylum
[Pangngalan]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

politikal na asylum, proteksyon politikal

politikal na asylum, proteksyon politikal

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 

Humingi siya ng political asylum matapos harapin ang pag-uusig sa kanyang bansang sinilangan.

asylum seeker
asylum seeker
[Pangngalan]

a person who has fled their home country due to fear of persecution, based on race, religion, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, and is seeking international protection in another country

naghahangad ng asylum, nag-aapply ng asylum

naghahangad ng asylum, nag-aapply ng asylum

Ex: The asylum seeker arrived at the border and requested protection from political violence. 

Ang naghahanap ng asylum ay dumating sa hangganan at humiling ng proteksyon mula sa karahasan sa pulitika.

illegal
illegal
[Pangngalan]

a person who lives or works in a country without having the legal right to do so

ilegal,  dayuhan na walang papeles

ilegal, dayuhan na walang papeles

Ex: The newspaper was criticized for referring to undocumented migrants as illegals. 
immigration
immigration
[Pangngalan]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

imigrasyon

imigrasyon

Ex: The country has seen a rise in immigration due to its strong job market and high quality of life. 

Ang bansa ay nakaranas ng pagtaas sa imigrasyon dahil sa malakas na merkado ng trabaho at mataas na kalidad ng buhay.

emigration
emigration
[Pangngalan]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

paglipat

paglipat

Ex: Her grandparents experienced emigration in the 1950s. 

Naranasan ng kanyang mga lolo't lola ang emigrasyon noong dekada 1950.

naturalization
naturalization
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

naturalisasyon, pagkakamit ng pagkamamamayan

naturalisasyon, pagkakamit ng pagkamamamayan

bigotry
bigotry
[Pangngalan]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

pagkamatigas ng ulo, kawalan ng pagpapaubaya

pagkamatigas ng ulo, kawalan ng pagpapaubaya

Ex: The community was shocked by the bigotry expressed in the hateful speech. 

Nagulat ang komunidad sa pagkampi na ipinahayag sa mapoot na pahayag.

intolerance
intolerance
[Pangngalan]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

kawalang-pagpapaubaya

kawalang-pagpapaubaya

deprivation
deprivation
[Pangngalan]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

kawalan, pagkukulang

kawalan, pagkukulang

Ex: The long-term deprivation of food and water led to serious health issues. 

Ang pangmatagalang kawalan ng pagkain at tubig ay nagdulot ng malubhang problema sa kalusugan.

disadvantaged
disadvantaged
[pang-uri]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

hindi pinapaboran, nalulugmok

hindi pinapaboran, nalulugmok

Ex: The disadvantaged neighborhood lacked access to quality education and healthcare. 

Ang hamak na nayon ay kulang sa access sa dekalidad na edukasyon at pangangalagang pangkalusugan.

vagrancy
vagrancy
[Pangngalan]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

pagkawala ng tahanan, pagiging palaboy

pagkawala ng tahanan, pagiging palaboy

Ex: He was arrested for vagrancy. 

Nahuli siya dahil sa pagkawalang-tirahan.

unrest
unrest
[Pangngalan]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 

Ang desisyon ng pamahalaan ay nagdulot ng malawakang kaguluhan sa buong bansa.

uprising
uprising
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

pag-aalsa, himagsikan

pag-aalsa, himagsikan

Ex: The peasant uprising was brutally crushed by the king's army. 

Ang pag-aalsa ng mga magsasaka ay malupit na pinigilan ng hukbo ng hari.

subsistence
subsistence
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

pagsasapamuhay, pamumuhay

pagsasapamuhay, pamumuhay

Ex: The workers earned barely enough for subsisten 

Ang mga manggagawa ay kumita ng sapat lamang para mabuhay.

refuge
refuge
[Pangngalan]

a place or structure that provides protection from danger, adversity, or hardship

kanlungan, kublihan

kanlungan, kublihan

Ex: The hikers found refuge in a mountain cabin during the storm. 

Nakahanap ng kanlungan ang mga manlalakad sa isang kubo sa bundok habang may bagyo.

poverty-stricken

suffering from extreme deprivation

napakahirap, dukha

napakahirap, dukha

Ex: The poverty-stricken village struggled with limited access to clean water. 

Ang nayong dinadapuan ng kahirapan ay nahirapan sa limitadong pag-access sa malinis na tubig.

to impoverish
to impoverish
[Pandiwa]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

magpahirap, wasakin

magpahirap, wasakin

Ex: The economic crisis began to impoverish many families in the region. 

Ang krisis pang-ekonomiya ay nagsimulang magpahirap sa maraming pamilya sa rehiyon.

indigent
indigent
[pang-uri]

extremely poor or in need

maralita, dukha

maralita, dukha

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 

Ang populasyon na nangangailangan ay umaasa sa tulong ng gobyerno para mabuhay.

modern slavery
modern slavery
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

modernong pang-aalipin, kontemporaryong sapilitang paggawa

modernong pang-aalipin, kontemporaryong sapilitang paggawa

Ex: Efforts to combat modern slavery include raising awareness, strengthening legislation, and providing support services for survivors. 

Ang mga pagsisikap upang labanan ang modernong pang-aalipin ay kinabibilangan ng pagpapataas ng kamalayan, pagpapalakas ng batas, at pagbibigay ng mga serbisyong suporta para sa mga nakaligtas.

to lay off
to lay off
[Pandiwa]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

magtanggal ng empleyado dahil sa kakulangan sa trabaho o pera, magtanggal dahil nabawasan ang trabaho

magtanggal ng empleyado dahil sa kakulangan sa trabaho o pera, magtanggal dahil nabawasan ang trabaho

Ex: The company laid off 10% of its workforce due to financial losses. 

Ang kumpanya ay nagtanggal ng 10% ng workforce nito dahil sa mga pagkalugi sa pananalapi.

trafficking
trafficking
[Pangngalan]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

pangangalakal

pangangalakal

Ex: He was arrested for drug trafficking. 

Inaresto siya dahil sa pangangalakal ng droga.

malnutrition
malnutrition
[Pangngalan]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

malnutrisyon, kakulangan sa nutrisyon

malnutrisyon, kakulangan sa nutrisyon

Ex: Addressing malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach that includes access to nutritious food, clean water, healthcare, and education. 

Ang pagtugon sa malnutrisyon ay nangangailangan ng komprehensibong pamamaraan na kinabibilangan ng access sa masustansyang pagkain, malinis na tubig, pangangalagang pangkalusugan, at edukasyon.

passive smoking
passive smoking
[Pangngalan]

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

passive smoking, pagkalantad sa secondhand smoke

passive smoking, pagkalantad sa secondhand smoke

homophobia
homophobia
[Pangngalan]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homophobia, pagkamuhi sa mga homosekswal

homophobia, pagkamuhi sa mga homosekswal

Ex: The campaign aims to raise awareness about the effects of homophobia. 

Layunin ng kampanya na itaas ang kamalayan tungkol sa mga epekto ng homophobia.

hard drug
hard drug
[Pangngalan]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

malakas na droga, nakakahumaling na droga

malakas na droga, nakakahumaling na droga

Ex: The police arrested him for using a hard drug. 

Inaresto siya ng pulisya dahil sa paggamit ng matinding droga.

soft drug
soft drug
[Pangngalan]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

malambot na droga, substansyang pampasigla na hindi masyadong mapanganib

malambot na droga, substansyang pampasigla na hindi masyadong mapanganib

Ex: Cannabis is often classified as a soft drug. 

Ang cannabis ay madalas na inuuri bilang isang malambot na droga.

displacement
displacement
[Pangngalan]

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

paglipat, pagpapatalsik

paglipat, pagpapatalsik

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