Geavanceerde Woordenschat voor de TOEFL - Sociale Problemen

Hier leer je enkele Engelse woorden over sociale problemen, zoals "vervolging", "illegaal", "onrust", enz., die nodig zijn voor het TOEFL-examen.

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discrimination

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminatie, segregatie

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Ze sprak zich uit tegen **discriminatie** nadat ze getuige was geweest van oneerlijke behandeling van haar collega's.

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persecution

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

an act of cruelty and unfairness toward someone because of their race, religion, or political views

vervolging, onderdrukking

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affirmative action

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

positieve actie, positieve discriminatie

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to marginalize

[werkwoord]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliseren, op de achtergrond plaatsen

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Door diverse perspectieven te **marginaliseren**, beperken we ons vermogen om complexe sociale problemen effectief aan te pakken.

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class struggle

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

klassenstrijd, klassenconflict

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .De activist sprak over de voortdurende **klassenstrijd** in moderne stedelijke omgevingen.

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deportation

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportatie, uitzetting

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .Ondanks dat hij jaren in het land woonde, werd hij geconfronteerd met **deportatie** nadat hij was veroordeeld voor een ernstig misdrijf.

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political asylum

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

politiek asiel, politieke bescherming

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .De regering verleende **politiek asiel** aan de journalist die vluchtte uit een onderdrukkend regime.

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asylum seeker

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

asielzoeker, vluchteling

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illegal

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

illegaal, ongeregistreerde

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immigration

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

immigratie

Ex: After decades of immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .Na decennia van **immigratie** is de buurt een levendige, multiculturele gemeenschap geworden.

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emigration

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the act of permanently leaving one's own country to go and live in another

emigratie

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naturalization

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

naturalisatie, verwerving van het staatsburgerschap

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bigotry

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigotterie, onverdraagzaamheid

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Ze hebben hard gewerkt om **de onverdraagzaamheid** die in hun samenleving heerste uit te dagen.

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intolerance

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

intolerantie

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deprivation

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the state in which one cannot satisfy their basic human needs

ontbering, gebrek

Ex: Economic deprivation was evident in the rundown neighborhoods .Economische **ontbering** was duidelijk in de vervallen buurten.

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disadvantaged

[bijvoeglijk naamwoord]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

achtergesteld, benadeeld

Ex: Growing up in a disadvantaged area , she faced limited opportunities for advancement .Opgegroeid in een **achtergesteld** gebied, kreeg ze te maken met beperkte mogelijkheden voor vooruitgang.

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vagrancy

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the state of homelessness as a result of unemployment

dakloosheid, zwerversbestaan

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unrest

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

onrust, oproer

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .De stijging van de brandstofprijzen veroorzaakte **onrust** onder de werknemers.

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uprising

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

opstand, revolte

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subsistence

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

bestaan, overleving

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .Het gezin worstelde om het **bestaan** op hun kleine boerderij te handhaven.

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refuge

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

toevlucht, bescherming

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poverty-stricken

[bijvoeglijk naamwoord]

suffering from extreme deprivation

arm, berooid

Ex: Many poverty-stricken families rely on government assistance to survive .Veel **door armoede getroffen** families zijn afhankelijk van overheidssteun om te overleven.

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to impoverish

[werkwoord]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

verarmen, ruïneren

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Tegen de tijd dat de hervormingen werden ingevoerd, was de regio al **verarmd**.

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indigent

[bijvoeglijk naamwoord]

extremely poor or in need

behoeftig, arm

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.De non-profitorganisatie was gericht op het bieden van ondersteuning en middelen aan de **behoeftige** gemeenschap.

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modern slavery

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

moderne slavernij, hedendaagse dwangarbeid

Ex: Modern slavery thrives in environments where vulnerable populations lack legal protections , economic opportunities , or social support networks .**Moderne slavernij** gedijt in omgevingen waar kwetsbare bevolkingsgroepen geen wettelijke bescherming, economische kansen of sociale ondersteuningsnetwerken hebben.

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to lay off

[werkwoord]

to dismiss employees due to financial difficulties or reduced workload

ontslaan, personeel reduceren

Ex: The restaurant is laying off 20 waiters and waitresses due to the slow summer season .Het restaurant **ontslaat** 20 obers en serveersters vanwege het rustige zomerseizoen.

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trafficking

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the buying and selling of goods illegally

handel

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malnutrition

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

ondervoeding, malnutritie

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .Ondanks vooruitgang in recente jaren blijft **ondervoeding** een aanzienlijke uitdaging, wat de noodzaak van aanhoudende inspanningen en investeringen in voedingsprogramma's en -beleid benadrukt.

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passive smoking

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

passief roken, blootstelling aan meeroken

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homophobia

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobie, haat tegen homoseksuelen

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.Het nieuwe beleid van de school richt zich op en probeert **homofobie** te verminderen.

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hard drug

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

harddrug, krachtige drug

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soft drug

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

softdrug, licht psychoactieve stof