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C1レベルの単語リスト - 法律と犯罪

ここでは、C1学習者向けに用意された「暴行」、「脅迫」、「マグカップ」など、法律や犯罪に関する英単語を学習します。

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to abuse
[動詞]

to sexually assault a person, especially women and children

性的虐待をする, レイプする

性的虐待をする, レイプする

Ex: The # MeToo movement shed light on the prevalence of individuals in positions of power who use their influence abuse others sexually .
to assault
[動詞]

to violently attack someone

襲撃する, 攻撃する

襲撃する, 攻撃する

Ex: Authorities worked to create awareness about the consequences assaulting healthcare workers during the pandemic .
to hijack
[動詞]

to forcefully take control of a vehicle, like an airplane, often to take hostages or change its course

ハイジャックする, 乗っ取る

ハイジャックする, 乗っ取る

Ex: Over the years , criminals have hijacked vehicles for ransom .
to kidnap
[動詞]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

誘拐する (ゆうかいする), 拉致する (らちする)

誘拐する (ゆうかいする), 拉致する (らちする)

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended kidnap her .
to mug
[動詞]

to steal from someone by threatening them or using violence, particularly in a public place

強盗する (ごうとうする), 襲う (おそう)

強盗する (ごうとうする), 襲う (おそう)

Ex: The mugged several people before being arrested by the authorities .
to rape
[動詞]

to force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them

強姦する (ごうかんする), レイプする

強姦する (ごうかんする), レイプする

Ex: The legal system should hold accountable those who attempt rape others .
to pirate
[動詞]

to illegally copy, use, or sell someone else's work or product, such as a book, song, etc.

コピーする, 違法に使用する

コピーする, 違法に使用する

Ex: The film industry faces significant losses due to people pirate movies and distribute them online .
to vandalize
[動詞]

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

破壊する (はかいする), 器物損壊する (きぶつそんかいする)

破壊する (はかいする), 器物損壊する (きぶつそんかいする)

Ex: The police arrested individuals vandalizing street signs and traffic signals .
arson
[名詞]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

放火 (ほうか), 放火罪 (ほうかざい)

放火 (ほうか), 放火罪 (ほうかざい)

Ex: Arson is a serious crime that can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment.
blackmail
[名詞]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

恐喝(おどかし), 脅迫(きょうはく)

恐喝(おどかし), 脅迫(きょうはく)

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .
deception
[名詞]

the action of intentionally making a person believe something that is untrue

欺瞞(ぎまん), 詐欺(さぎ)

欺瞞(ぎまん), 詐欺(さぎ)

Ex: Trust is easily broken when relationships are built on lies deception.
break-in
[名詞]

an illegal entry into a building by using force, particularly in order to steal something

侵入盗, 強盗侵入

侵入盗, 強盗侵入

Ex: The store owner arrived early in the morning to find evidence of break-in and immediately called the police .
bribe
[名詞]

an amount of money or something of value given to someone in order to persuade them to do something that is illegal

賄賂(わいろ), 贈賄(ぞうわい)

賄賂(わいろ), 贈賄(ぞうわい)

Ex: Accepting bribe is a criminal offense punishable by law .
forgery
[名詞]

the criminal act of making a copy of a document, money, etc. to do something illegal

偽造(ぎぞう), 詐造(さぞう)

偽造(ぎぞう), 詐造(さぞう)

Ex: The signature on the document was determined to be forgery after forensic analysis .
genocide
[名詞]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

ジェノサイド, 大量虐殺

ジェノサイド, 大量虐殺

Ex: genocide and atrocities is a critical goal of international human rights efforts .
phishing
[名詞]

a cybercrime in which someone tricks another into revealing their personal or financial information such as their passwords or bank account numbers and then using this information to steal money from them

フィッシング, 個人情報詐取

フィッシング, 個人情報詐取

Ex: The bank issued a warning about a new phishing campaign targeting customers through fake emails claiming to be from the bank's security team.
scammer
[名詞]

a person who deceives people to get their money

詐欺師 (さぎし), 詐欺師 (さぎし)

詐欺師 (さぎし), 詐欺師 (さぎし)

Ex: The company implemented stricter verification processes to scammers from accessing customer accounts .
swindler
[名詞]

a person who deceives or cheats people out of money

詐欺師, ペテン師

詐欺師, ペテン師

Ex: Victims of the online swindler reported their losses to the authorities .
ransom
[名詞]

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

身代金 (みのしろきん),  ransom (ランサム)

身代金 (みのしろきん), ransom (ランサム)

Ex: Hostage negotiations are delicate processes aimed at securing the safe release of captives without ransom.
riot
[名詞]

a situation when a group of people behave violently, particularly as a protest

暴動(ぼうどう), 騒動(そうどう)

暴動(ぼうどう), 騒動(そうどう)

Ex: Several arrests were made during riot as protesters clashed with law enforcement .
fine
[名詞]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

罰金, 過料

罰金, 過料

Ex: The judge imposed fine on the company for environmental violations .
to bug
[動詞]

to hide a small microphone in a place or device in order to secretly listen to or record someone's conversations

盗聴器を仕掛ける, 盗聴する

盗聴器を仕掛ける, 盗聴する

Ex: Private investigators were hired bug the office , hoping to uncover any corporate espionage .
alibi
[名詞]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

アリバイ, 不在証明

アリバイ, 不在証明

Ex: alibi of attending a family gathering was corroborated by multiple family members .
accomplice
[名詞]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

共犯, 協力者

共犯, 協力者

Ex: The investigators uncovered evidence linking him to the crime , establishing his role as accomplice.
conspirator
[名詞]

a person involved in a conspiracy

共謀者 (きょうぼうしゃ), 陰謀者 (いんぼうしゃ)

共謀者 (きょうぼうしゃ), 陰謀者 (いんぼうしゃ)

Ex: The investigation uncovered communications between conspirators discussing their illegal activities .
assassin
[名詞]

someone who murders an important person for money or religious or political reasons

暗殺者 (あんさつしゃ), 刺客 (しかく)

暗殺者 (あんさつしゃ), 刺客 (しかく)

Ex: The FBI launched a manhunt to capture the assassin responsible for several high-profile killings .
bandit
[名詞]

a robber who attacks travelers and is a member of a group of robbers

山賊, 盗賊

山賊, 盗賊

Ex: bandit gang was notorious for their daring heists and escapes from law enforcement .
gangster
[名詞]

a member of a group of criminals

ギャング, 暴力団員

ギャング, 暴力団員

Ex: Gangsters often use intimidation and violence to maintain control over their territory .

a young person who commits a crime

少年非行者, 少年犯罪者

少年非行者, 少年犯罪者

Ex: Societal factors, such as poverty and lack of parental guidance, can contribute to juvenile delinquency.
imprisonment
[名詞]

the action of putting someone in prison

投獄 (とうごく), 禁錮 (きんこ)

投獄 (とうごく), 禁錮 (きんこ)

Ex: The prisoner 's family hoped for early release after serving several years imprisonment.
inmate
[名詞]

a person who is held in a prison or correctional facility

囚人(しゅうじん), 受刑者(じゅけいしゃ)

囚人(しゅうじん), 受刑者(じゅけいしゃ)

Ex: Visitation hours were restricted due to safety concerns for inmates and visitors .
convict
[名詞]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

受刑者 (じゅけいしゃ), 有罪者 (ゆうざいしゃ)

受刑者 (じゅけいしゃ), 有罪者 (ゆうざいしゃ)

Ex: convict's family visited him regularly , offering support and encouragement .

the killing of a criminal as punishment

死刑 (しけい),  capital punishment (キャピタル・パンニッシュメント)

死刑 (しけい), capital punishment (キャピタル・パンニッシュメント)

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .
confession
[名詞]

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

告白 (こくはく), 自白 (じはく)

告白 (こくはく), 自白 (じはく)

Ex: confession was pivotal in solving the cold case that had baffled investigators for years .
to inspect
[動詞]

to carefully examine something to check its condition or make sure it meets standards

点検する, 調査する

点検する, 調査する

Ex: The inspects the machinery to detect any signs of wear or malfunction .
corrupt
[形容詞]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

腐敗した (ふはいした), 不正な (ふせいな)

腐敗した (ふはいした), 不正な (ふせいな)

Ex: corrupt police officers extorted money from citizens by threatening false charges .
execution
[名詞]

the act of punishing a criminal by death

死刑執行 (しけいしっこう), 処刑 (しょけい)

死刑執行 (しけいしっこう), 処刑 (しょけい)

Ex: The execution of political prisoners drew international condemnation from human rights organizations.
to raid
[動詞]

(of police) to unexpectedly visit a person or place to arrest suspects or find illegal goods

急襲する, 強制捜査を行う

急襲する, 強制捜査を行う

Ex: The SWAT team was called in raid the residence of a known criminal with a history of violence .
fingerprint
[名詞]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

指紋 (しもん), フィンガープリント

指紋 (しもん), フィンガープリント

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.
forensic
[形容詞]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

法医学的な,  forensicに関連した

法医学的な, forensicに関連した

Ex: The detective forensic evidence to solve the case .
probation
[名詞]

(law) a specific supervised period of time outside prison granted to a criminal, given they do not break a law during this period

保護観察(ほごかんさつ), 試用期間(しようきかん)

保護観察(ほごかんさつ), 試用期間(しようきかん)

Ex: The court ordered community service as part of probation requirements for the juvenile offender .
record
[名詞]

official information that indicates a person has committed a crime

犯罪歴, 前科

犯罪歴, 前科

Ex: She was concerned that her minor offense would appear on her record.
goon
[名詞]

a criminal hired to harm or threaten people

悪党(あくとう), 用心棒(ようじんぼう)

悪党(あくとう), 用心棒(ようじんぼう)

Ex: goon lurked in the shadows , waiting for the signal to carry out his employer 's orders .
death squad
[名詞]

a group of armed people who illegally kill supporters of an opposing political party or criminals

死の部隊, 死刑部隊

死の部隊, 死刑部隊

Ex: International pressure mounted as reports surfaced of a death squad targeting journalists and activists in the region .
henchman
[名詞]

someone who faithfully supports a person in power and is willing to do things for them that are illegal or violent

手下, 部下

手下, 部下

Ex: The police investigation uncovered a network henchmen involved in smuggling , extortion , and other illegal activities on behalf of a notorious gang leader .
hired gun
[名詞]

an individual who is paid to do something violent or immoral, particularly killing someone or protecting a powerful person

雇われている銃(やとうれないちょう), ヒットマン

雇われている銃(やとうれないちょう), ヒットマン

gun for hire
[名詞]

an individual who does immoral or violent things for money

雇われ殺し屋 (やとわれごろしや), 傭兵 (ようへい)

雇われ殺し屋 (やとわれごろしや), 傭兵 (ようへい)

Ex: The documentary exposed the underworld of mercenaries gun for hire operations , revealing the chilling realities of contract killings .
gunslinger
[名詞]

a person who is skilled at shooting a gun and is hired to kill someone, used particularly in the past in the American Wild West

ガンスリンガー, 発砲者

ガンスリンガー, 発砲者

Ex: In Western films , gunslinger is often portrayed as a lone figure navigating the lawless frontier with his trusty revolver at his side .

the crime of using force to illegally enter a building

Ex: Police responded to a call reporting suspicious activity and discovered evidence breaking and entering at the vacant house .
to finger
[動詞]

to identify or point out someone as the person responsible for committing a crime or wrongdoing, often to law enforcement or other authorities

指摘する, 告発する

指摘する, 告発する

Ex: The informant was willing finger the drug lord to the authorities in exchange for immunity .
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