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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C1 - Batas at Kriminalidad

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa batas at kriminalidad, tulad ng "assault", "blackmail", "mug", atbp., inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to abuse
[Pandiwa]

to sexually assault a person, especially women and children

abuso, gahasain

abuso, gahasain

Ex: The # MeToo movement shed light on the prevalence of individuals in positions of power who use their influence to abuse others sexually .Ang kilusang #MeToo ay nagbigay-liwanag sa laganap na mga indibidwal sa posisyon ng kapangyarihan na gumagamit ng kanilang impluwensya para **abuso** sa iba nang sekswal.
to assault
[Pandiwa]

to violently attack someone

salakayin, atakehin

salakayin, atakehin

Ex: Authorities worked to create awareness about the consequences of assaulting healthcare workers during the pandemic .Nagtrabaho ang mga awtoridad upang lumikha ng kamalayan tungkol sa mga kahihinatnan ng **paglusob** sa mga manggagawa sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan sa panahon ng pandemya.
to hijack
[Pandiwa]

to forcefully take control of a vehicle, like an airplane, often to take hostages or change its course

agawin, sakupin

agawin, sakupin

Ex: Over the years , criminals have occasionally hijacked vehicles for ransom .Sa paglipas ng mga taon, paminsan-minsan ay **hinijack** ng mga kriminal ang mga sasakyan para sa ransom.
to kidnap
[Pandiwa]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

agawin, kidnapin

agawin, kidnapin

Ex: She was terrified when she realized that they intended to kidnap her .Natakot siya nang malaman niyang balak nilang **kidnapin** siya.
to mug
[Pandiwa]

to steal from someone by threatening them or using violence, particularly in a public place

mandurukot, magnakaw sa pamamagitan ng pananakot

mandurukot, magnakaw sa pamamagitan ng pananakot

Ex: The gang mugged several people before being arrested by the authorities .Ang gang ay **nangloloob** ng ilang tao bago arestuhin ng mga awtoridad.
to rape
[Pandiwa]

to force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them

gahasain, pagsamantalahan sa seksuwal

gahasain, pagsamantalahan sa seksuwal

Ex: The legal system should hold accountable those who attempt to rape others .Dapat panagutan ng sistemang legal ang mga nagtatangkang **gahasain** ang iba.
to pirate
[Pandiwa]

to illegally copy, use, or sell someone else's work or product, such as a book, song, etc.

mag-pirata, illegal na kopyahin

mag-pirata, illegal na kopyahin

Ex: The film industry faces significant losses due to people who pirate movies and distribute them online .Ang industriya ng pelikula ay nakakaranas ng malaking pagkalugi dahil sa mga taong **nagnanakaw** ng mga pelikula at ipinamahagi ang mga ito online.
to vandalize
[Pandiwa]

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

manirang-puri, sadyang sirain

manirang-puri, sadyang sirain

Ex: The police arrested individuals for vandalizing street signs and traffic signals .Inaresto ng pulisya ang mga indibidwal dahil sa **pagsira** sa mga karatula sa kalye at mga signal ng trapiko.
arson
[Pangngalan]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

pagsunog, pagpapasabog

pagsunog, pagpapasabog

Ex: Arson is a serious crime that can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment.Ang **pagsunog** ay isang malubhang krimen na maaaring magresulta sa malulubhang parusa, kabilang ang pagkakakulong.
blackmail
[Pangngalan]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

pangingikil, panunakot

pangingikil, panunakot

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case of blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .Inilunsad ng pulisya ang isang imbestigasyon sa isang kaso ng **blackmail** na kinasasangkutan ng mga nagbabantang liham na ipinadala sa isang lokal na politiko.
deception
[Pangngalan]

the action of intentionally making a person believe something that is untrue

panlilinlang, daya

panlilinlang, daya

Ex: Trust is easily broken when relationships are built on lies and deception.Madaling masira ang tiwala kapag ang mga relasyon ay itinatayo sa kasinungalingan at **panlilinlang**.
break-in
[Pangngalan]

an illegal entry into a building by using force, particularly in order to steal something

pagsalakay, pagnanakaw na may pagsalakay

pagsalakay, pagnanakaw na may pagsalakay

Ex: The store owner arrived early in the morning to find evidence of a break-in and immediately called the police .Ang may-ari ng tindahan ay dumating nang maaga sa umaga upang mahanap ang ebidensya ng **pagsalakay** at agad na tumawag sa pulisya.
bribe
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money or something of value given to someone in order to persuade them to do something that is illegal

suhol, lagay

suhol, lagay

Ex: Accepting a bribe is a criminal offense punishable by law .Ang pagtanggap ng **suhol** ay isang krimen na parusahan ng batas.
forgery
[Pangngalan]

the criminal act of making a copy of a document, money, etc. to do something illegal

panday

panday

Ex: The signature on the document was determined to be a forgery after forensic analysis .Ang lagda sa dokumento ay napatunayang isang **peke** pagkatapos ng forensic analysis.
genocide
[Pangngalan]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

genocide, paglilipol

genocide, paglilipol

Ex: Preventing genocide and atrocities is a critical goal of international human rights efforts .Ang pagpigil sa **genocide** at mga kalupitan ay isang kritikal na layunin ng mga pagsisikap sa internasyonal na karapatang pantao.
phishing
[Pangngalan]

a cybercrime in which someone tricks another into revealing their personal or financial information such as their passwords or bank account numbers and then using this information to steal money from them

pangingisda, phishing

pangingisda, phishing

Ex: The bank issued a warning about a new phishing campaign targeting customers through fake emails claiming to be from the bank 's security team .Naglabas ang bangko ng babala tungkol sa isang bagong kampanya ng **phishing** na nagta-target sa mga customer sa pamamagitan ng pekeng email na nag-aangkin na mula sa security team ng bangko.
scammer
[Pangngalan]

a person who deceives people to get their money

manloloko, scammer

manloloko, scammer

Ex: The company implemented stricter verification processes to prevent scammers from accessing customer accounts .Ang kumpanya ay nagpatupad ng mas mahigpit na mga proseso ng pag-verify upang maiwasan ang mga **scammer** na ma-access ang mga account ng customer.
swindler
[Pangngalan]

a person who deceives or cheats people out of money

manloloko, swindler

manloloko, swindler

Ex: Victims of the online dating swindler reported their losses to the authorities .Ang mga biktima ng **manloloko** sa online dating ay nag-ulat ng kanilang mga pagkawala sa mga awtoridad.
ransom
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

ransom

ransom

Ex: Hostage negotiations are delicate processes aimed at securing the safe release of captives without paying ransom.Ang mga negosasyon sa hostage ay maselang proseso na naglalayong matiyak ang ligtas na pagpapalaya sa mga bihag nang hindi nagbabayad ng **ransom**.
riot
[Pangngalan]

a situation when a group of people behave violently, particularly as a protest

gulo,  pag-aalsa

gulo, pag-aalsa

Ex: Several arrests were made during the riot as protesters clashed with law enforcement .Maraming pag-aresto ang ginawa sa panahon ng **gulo** nang magkaroon ng labanan ang mga nagproprotesta at mga awtoridad.
fine
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa, parusa

multa, parusa

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .Ang hukom ay nagpataw ng **multa** sa kumpanya para sa mga paglabag sa kapaligiran.
to bug
[Pandiwa]

to hide a small microphone in a place or device in order to secretly listen to or record someone's conversations

maglagay ng lihim na mikropono, makinig nang palihim

maglagay ng lihim na mikropono, makinig nang palihim

Ex: Private investigators were hired to bug the office , hoping to uncover any corporate espionage .Ang mga pribadong imbestigador ay inupahan upang **makinig nang palihim** sa opisina, na umaasang matuklasan ang anumang espiyang korporasyon.
alibi
[Pangngalan]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

alibi

alibi

Ex: Her alibi of attending a family gathering was corroborated by multiple family members .Ang kanyang **alibi** na dumalo sa isang family gathering ay kinumpirma ng maraming miyembro ng pamilya.
accomplice
[Pangngalan]

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

kasabwat, katuwang

kasabwat, katuwang

Ex: The investigators uncovered evidence linking him to the crime , establishing his role as an accomplice.Natuklasan ng mga imbestigador ang ebidensya na nag-uugnay sa kanya sa krimen, na nagtatatag ng kanyang papel bilang **kasabwat**.
conspirator
[Pangngalan]

a person involved in a conspiracy

konspirator, kasabwat

konspirator, kasabwat

Ex: The investigation uncovered communications between the conspirators discussing their illegal activities .Ang imbestigasyon ay naglantad ng mga komunikasyon sa pagitan ng mga **konspirator** na pinag-uusapan ang kanilang mga ilegal na gawain.
assassin
[Pangngalan]

someone who murders an important person for money or religious or political reasons

asesino, tagapaslang

asesino, tagapaslang

Ex: The FBI launched a manhunt to capture the notorious assassin responsible for several high-profile killings .
bandit
[Pangngalan]

a robber who attacks travelers and is a member of a group of robbers

bandido, tulisan

bandido, tulisan

Ex: The bandit gang was notorious for their daring heists and escapes from law enforcement .Ang gang ng **bandido** ay kilala sa kanilang matatapang na pagnanakaw at pagtakas mula sa mga awtoridad.
gangster
[Pangngalan]

a member of a group of criminals

gangster, kasapi ng isang grupo ng kriminal

gangster, kasapi ng isang grupo ng kriminal

Ex: Gangsters often use intimidation and violence to maintain control over their territory .Ang mga **gangster** ay madalas gumagamit ng pananakot at karahasan upang mapanatili ang kontrol sa kanilang teritoryo.

a young person who commits a crime

batang kriminal, kabataang nagkasala

batang kriminal, kabataang nagkasala

Ex: Societal factors, such as poverty and lack of parental guidance, can contribute to juvenile delinquency.Ang mga societal factor, tulad ng kahirapan at kakulangan ng gabay ng magulang, ay maaaring mag-ambag sa **delinkuwensyang juvenile**.
imprisonment
[Pangngalan]

the action of putting someone in prison

pagkakabilanggo, pagkakakulong

pagkakabilanggo, pagkakakulong

Ex: The prisoner 's family hoped for early release after serving several years of imprisonment.Ang pamilya ng bilanggo ay umaasa sa maagang paglaya pagkatapos ng ilang taon ng **pagkakabilanggo**.
inmate
[Pangngalan]

a person who is held in a prison or correctional facility

bilanggo, preso

bilanggo, preso

Ex: Visitation hours were restricted due to safety concerns for both inmates and visitors .Ang mga oras ng pagbisita ay limitado dahil sa mga alalahanin sa kaligtasan para sa parehong mga **bilanggo** at bisita.
convict
[Pangngalan]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

kondenado, bilanggo

kondenado, bilanggo

Ex: The convict's family visited him regularly , offering support and encouragement .Ang pamilya ng **nahatulan** ay regular na bumibisita sa kanya, nag-aalok ng suporta at paghihikayat.
capital punishment
[Pangngalan]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

parusang kamatayan, parusang capital

parusang kamatayan, parusang capital

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .Ang **parusang kamatayan** ay nakalaan para sa mga krimeng itinuturing na pinakamalubha sa ilalim ng batas, tulad ng pagpatay.
confession
[Pangngalan]

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

pag-amin,  pagkumpisal

pag-amin, pagkumpisal

Ex: The confession was pivotal in solving the cold case that had baffled investigators for years .Ang **pag-amin** ay naging mahalaga sa paglutas ng malamig na kaso na nagtaka sa mga imbestigador sa loob ng maraming taon.
to inspect
[Pandiwa]

to carefully examine something to check its condition or make sure it meets standards

suriin, tingnan

suriin, tingnan

Ex: The supervisor inspects the machinery to detect any signs of wear or malfunction .Ang superbisor ay **nag-iinspeksyon** ng makinarya upang matukoy ang anumang mga palatandaan ng pagkasira o hindi paggana.
corrupt
[pang-uri]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

tiwali, korap

tiwali, korap

Ex: The corrupt police officers extorted money from citizens by threatening false charges .Ang **tiwaling** mga pulis ay nangikil ng pera sa mga mamamayan sa pamamagitan ng pagbabanta ng mga pekeng kaso.
execution
[Pangngalan]

the act of punishing a criminal by death

pagpapatupad ng parusang kamatayan

pagpapatupad ng parusang kamatayan

Ex: The execution of political prisoners drew international condemnation from human rights organizations .Ang **pagpapatupad ng parusang kamatayan** sa mga bilanggong pampulitika ay humantong sa internasyonal na pagkondena mula sa mga organisasyon ng karapatang pantao.
to raid
[Pandiwa]

(of police) to unexpectedly visit a person or place to arrest suspects or find illegal goods

mag-raid, dumalaw nang biglaan

mag-raid, dumalaw nang biglaan

Ex: The SWAT team was called in to raid the residence of a known criminal with a history of violence .Ang SWAT team ay tinawag upang **raid** ang tirahan ng isang kilalang kriminal na may kasaysayan ng karahasan.
fingerprint
[Pangngalan]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

bakas ng daliri, marka ng daliri

bakas ng daliri, marka ng daliri

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.Ang ebidensya ng **fingerprint** ay may mahalagang papel sa pagpapatunay sa salarin ng pagpatay.
forensic
[pang-uri]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

pamporensik, kriminalistiko

pamporensik, kriminalistiko

Ex: The detective relied on forensic evidence to solve the case .Ang detective ay umasa sa **forensic** na ebidensya para malutas ang kaso.
probation
[Pangngalan]

(law) a specific supervised period of time outside prison granted to a criminal, given they do not break a law during this period

probasyon, panahon ng pagsubok

probasyon, panahon ng pagsubok

Ex: The court ordered community service as part of the probation requirements for the juvenile offender .Inutusan ng korte ang serbisyo sa komunidad bilang bahagi ng mga kinakailangan sa **probasyon** para sa batang nagkasala.
record
[Pangngalan]

official information that indicates a person has committed a crime

talaang kriminal, rekord ng krimen

talaang kriminal, rekord ng krimen

Ex: She was concerned that her minor offense would appear on her permanent record.Nag-aalala siya na ang kanyang menor na paglabag ay lalabas sa kanyang permanenteng **record**.
goon
[Pangngalan]

a criminal hired to harm or threaten people

tampalasan, bayolente

tampalasan, bayolente

Ex: The goon lurked in the shadows , waiting for the signal to carry out his employer 's orders .Ang **goon** ay nagtago sa mga anino, naghihintay ng senyas upang isagawa ang mga utos ng kanyang amo.
death squad
[Pangngalan]

a group of armed people who illegally kill supporters of an opposing political party or criminals

pangkatan ng kamatayan, grupo ng mga mamamatay-tao

pangkatan ng kamatayan, grupo ng mga mamamatay-tao

Ex: International pressure mounted as reports surfaced of a suspected death squad targeting journalists and activists in the region .Dumami ang pandaigdigang presyon nang lumitaw ang mga ulat ng isang pinaghihinalaang **death squad** na nagta-target sa mga mamamahayag at aktibista sa rehiyon.
henchman
[Pangngalan]

someone who faithfully supports a person in power and is willing to do things for them that are illegal or violent

alipores, tauhan

alipores, tauhan

Ex: The police investigation uncovered a network of henchmen involved in smuggling , extortion , and other illegal activities on behalf of a notorious gang leader .Ang imbestigasyon ng pulisya ay naglantad ng isang network ng **mga tauhan** na sangkot sa smuggling, extortion, at iba pang ilegal na gawain sa ngalan ng isang kilalang lider ng gang.
hired gun
[Pangngalan]

an individual who is paid to do something violent or immoral, particularly killing someone or protecting a powerful person

bayarang killer, upahang mamamatay-tao

bayarang killer, upahang mamamatay-tao

gun for hire
[Pangngalan]

an individual who does immoral or violent things for money

bayarang mamamatay-tao, upahang tagabaril

bayarang mamamatay-tao, upahang tagabaril

Ex: The documentary exposed the underworld of mercenaries and gun for hire operations , revealing the chilling realities of contract killings .Ipinakita ng dokumentaryo ang ilalim ng mundo ng mga mercenary at mga operasyon ng **pamamaslang sa bayad**, na nagbunyag sa nakakagimbal na katotohanan ng mga kontratang pagpatay.
gunslinger
[Pangngalan]

a person who is skilled at shooting a gun and is hired to kill someone, used particularly in the past in the American Wild West

baril, tirador

baril, tirador

Ex: In Western films , the gunslinger is often portrayed as a lone figure navigating the lawless frontier with his trusty revolver at his side .Sa mga pelikulang Western, ang **gunslinger** ay madalas na inilalarawan bilang isang nag-iisang pigura na naglalakbay sa walang batas na hangganan kasama ang kanyang mapagkakatiwalaang rebolber sa tabi niya.

the crime of using force to illegally enter a building

Ex: Police responded to a call reporting suspicious activity and discovered evidence breaking and entering at the vacant house .
to finger
[Pandiwa]

to identify or point out someone as the person responsible for committing a crime or wrongdoing, often to law enforcement or other authorities

ituro, kilalanin

ituro, kilalanin

Ex: The informant was willing to finger the drug lord to the authorities in exchange for immunity .Ang impormante ay handang **ituro** ang drug lord sa mga awtoridad kapalit ng immunity.
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