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C1 Level Wordlist - Law and Criminality

Here you will learn some English words about law and criminality, such as "assault", "blackmail", "mug", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to abuse
to abuse
[Verb]

to sexually assault a person, especially women and children

Ex: The survivor courageously shared their experience of an individual who sought to abuse them. 
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to assault

to violently attack someone

Ex: The assailant attempted to assault the victim in a dark alley. 
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to hijack
to hijack
[Verb]

to forcefully take control of a vehicle, like an airplane, often to take hostages or change its course

Ex: Pirates tried to hijack the cargo ship, hoping to steal valuable goods for resale. 
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to kidnap
to kidnap
[Verb]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

Ex: The criminals planned to kidnap the CEO's daughter for a ransom. 
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to mug
to mug
[Verb]

to steal from someone by threatening them or using violence, particularly in a public place

Ex: The assailant attempted to mug the pedestrian by brandishing a weapon. 
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to rape
to rape
[Verb]

to force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them

Ex: It is crucial for law enforcement to investigate cases promptly when someone is accused of raping another individual. 
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to pirate
to pirate
[Verb]

to illegally copy, use, or sell someone else's work or product, such as a book, song, etc.

Ex: Online platforms often struggle with users who pirate movies and music without permission. 
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to vandalize

to intentionally damage something, particularly public property

Ex: The park was closed temporarily for repairs after vandals had vandalized the playground equipment. 
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arson
arson
[noun]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

Ex: The fire department suspects arson as the cause of the warehouse fire. 
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blackmail
blackmail
[noun]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

Ex: She was a victim of blackmail after someone threatened to expose her personal emails. 
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deception
deception
[noun]

the action of intentionally making a person believe something that is untrue

Ex: The magician's performance relied on clever deception to create illusions. 
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break-in
break-in
[noun]

an illegal entry into a building by using force, particularly in order to steal something

Ex: There was a break-in at the jewelry store last night, and several valuable items were stolen. 
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bribe
bribe
[noun]

an amount of money or something of value given to someone in order to persuade them to do something that is illegal

Ex: The politician was caught accepting a bribe from a construction company in exchange for favorable contracts. 
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forgery
forgery
[noun]

the criminal act of making a copy of a document, money, etc. to do something illegal

Ex: The suspect was charged with forgery after he tried to cash in a fake check. 
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genocide
genocide
[noun]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
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phishing
phishing
[noun]

a cybercrime in which someone tricks another into revealing their personal or financial information such as their passwords or bank account numbers and then using this information to steal money from them

Ex: Phishing is a form of cybercrime where attackers attempt to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers. 
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scammer
scammer
[noun]

a person who deceives people to get their money

Ex: The elderly couple fell victim to a phone scammer who claimed to be from their bank. 
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swindler
swindler
[noun]

a person who deceives or cheats people out of money

Ex: The swindler convinced his victims to invest in a fake business scheme. 
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ransom
ransom
[noun]

an amount of money demanded or paid for the release of a person who is in captivity

Ex: The kidnappers demanded a large ransom for the safe return of the CEO's daughter. 
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riot
riot
[noun]

a situation when a group of people behave violently, particularly as a protest

Ex: A peaceful demonstration turned into a violent riot after clashes broke out between protesters and counter-protesters. 
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fine
fine
[noun]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

Ex: He had to pay a hefty fine for speeding on the highway. 
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to bug
to bug
[Verb]

to hide a small microphone in a place or device in order to secretly listen to or record someone's conversations

Ex: The spy attempted to bug the conference room to gather sensitive information. 
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alibi
alibi
[noun]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

Ex: The suspect's alibi placed him at a restaurant with friends at the time of the crime. 
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accomplice

someone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing

Ex: The gang members were all charged as accomplices in the drug trafficking operation. 
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conspirator

a person involved in a conspiracy

Ex: The police arrested several conspirators involved in the plot to assassinate the president. 
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assassin
assassin
[noun]

someone who murders an important person for money or religious or political reasons

Ex: The assassin carefully planned the murder of the political leader. 
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bandit
bandit
[noun]

a robber who attacks travelers and is a member of a group of robbers

Ex: Bandits ambushed the travelers on the remote mountain road, demanding money and valuables. 
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gangster
gangster
[noun]

a member of a group of criminals

Ex: The city was plagued by gangsters involved in drug trafficking and extortion. 
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juvenile delinquent

a young person who commits a crime

Ex: The court ordered counseling for the juvenile delinquent after multiple offenses. 
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imprisonment

the act of placing someone in prison or jail as a lawful penalty

Ex: He received five years' imprisonment for theft. 
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inmate
inmate
[noun]

a person who is held in a prison or correctional facility

Ex: The prison housed over a thousand inmates serving various sentences. 
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convict
convict
[noun]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

Ex: The convict was sentenced to ten years in prison for robbery. 
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capital punishment

the killing of a criminal as punishment

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 
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confession

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

Ex: The suspect's confession led to his arrest and subsequent trial. 
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to inspect

to carefully examine something to check its condition or make sure it meets standards

Ex: The mechanic will inspect the car to ensure it is safe to drive. 
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corrupt
corrupt
[Adjective]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

Ex: The corrupt politician embezzled public funds for personal gain. 
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execution
execution
[noun]

the act of punishing a criminal by death

Ex: The condemned man's execution was scheduled for dawn the following day. 
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to raid
to raid
[Verb]

(of police) to unexpectedly visit a person or place to arrest suspects or find illegal goods

Ex: The narcotics division decided to raid the suspected drug den to apprehend the traffickers. 
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fingerprint

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

Ex: Detectives found a clear fingerprint on the window sill, leading to the identification of the burglar. 
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forensic
forensic
[Adjective]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

Ex: The forensic team collected DNA, fingerprint, and fiber evidence from the crime scene. 
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probation
probation
[noun]

a legal arrangement in which a convicted offender is released under specific conditions instead of serving time in prison

Ex: The judge sentenced him to five years' probation. 
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record
record
[noun]

official information that indicates a person has committed a crime

Ex: His criminal record included several convictions for theft and assault. 
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goon
goon
[noun]

a criminal hired to harm or threaten people

Ex: The goon stood menacingly outside the nightclub, eyeing everyone who passed by with suspicion. 
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death squad

a group of armed people who illegally kill supporters of an opposing political party or criminals

Ex: The dictator's regime employed ruthless death squads to eliminate political opponents and dissenters. 
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henchman
henchman
[noun]

someone who faithfully supports a person in power and is willing to do things for them that are illegal or violent

Ex: The crime lord's henchman carried out the orders without question, ensuring that his boss's interests were protected at any cost. 
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hired gun
hired gun
[noun]

a professional assassin, typically armed and employed to commit murder

Ex: Detectives traced the murder to a hired gun. 
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gun for hire

an individual who does immoral or violent things for money

Ex: The notorious criminal was known as a ruthless gun for hire, taking contracts to eliminate rivals without hesitation. 
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gunslinger

a person who is skilled at shooting a gun and is hired to kill someone, used particularly in the past in the American Wild West

Ex: The gunslinger walked into the saloon with a confident swagger, his reputation preceding him. 
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breaking and entering

the crime of using force to illegally enter a building

Ex: He was arrested for breaking and entering. 
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to finger
to finger
[Verb]

to identify or point out someone as the person responsible for committing a crime or wrongdoing, often to law enforcement or other authorities

Ex: The witness decided to finger the suspect in the lineup, confident that he was the one who robbed the store. 
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