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the surrounding linguistic elements that contribute to the interpretation and meaning of a specific expression or utterance
语言上下文
the phenomenon in language where the interpretation of certain words or expressions depends on the context of the speaker, listener, and the surrounding situation
指示词
a type of deixis that involves the use of pronouns and verb forms to refer to the participants in a conversation
人称指示词
a type of deixis that involves the use of language to refer to spatial locations, such as indicating the direction, distance, or proximity of objects or places in relation to the speaker or the context of the conversation
空间指示词
a type of deixis that involves the use of language to refer to specific points in time, such as indicating the past, present, or future, or expressing temporal relations and sequencing of events
时间指示
the representation of someone's words using quotation marks, presenting their exact utterances as they were spoken or written
直接引语
the representation of someone's words by reporting or paraphrasing their statements without using direct quotation marks
间接引语
an utterance or expression that not only conveys meaning but also performs a particular function or action in communication, such as making a request, giving an order, or making a promise
言语行为
the act of referring to or indicating something or someone in language, where words or expressions are used to point to or denote specific entities, objects, or concepts
参考
a communicative behavior or action that poses a risk to someone's positive face, their desired self-image or social identity, potentially leading to face loss or face-threatening situations.
威胁面子的行为
a communicative behavior or action that helps to protect or restore someone's positive face, their desired self-image or social identity, in order to avoid or mitigate face loss or face-threatening situations
挽救面子的行为
a speech style characterized by simplified language, exaggerated prosody, repetition, and high pitch, commonly used by caregivers when interacting with infants and young children
照顾者的讲话
the natural flow of spoken language where words and sounds are connected together, often resulting in changes in pronunciation, elision of sounds, and modifications in speech patterns
连贯语音
a linguistic element or phrase used in speech or writing to indicate the structure, organization, or relationship between different parts of a discourse, often serving to facilitate communication and signal the speaker's intentions or attitudes
话语标记
the cognitive and linguistic process of shaping and presenting information in a particular way to influence how people perceive and interpret it
框架
a conversation or exchange of ideas between two or more individuals, typically characterized by turn-taking, interactive communication, and mutual understanding
对话
the use of language in a larger context, including conversations, written texts, and social interactions, where meaning is constructed and communicated through the organization and flow of language
话语
the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts
文本互涉性
language, words, or expressions that convey a negative or derogatory connotation and are intended to belittle, criticize, or insult someone or something
贬义词
the process by which participants in a conversation alternate speaking and listening, following certain rules and cues to facilitate smooth and coherent communication
轮流发言
a linguistic device used to express uncertainty or vagueness, often through words or phrases that indicate a lack of commitment or certainty in one's statement
边界
the meaning that is inferred or implied by a speaker in a conversation, beyond the literal or explicit meaning of the words used, relying on context and shared knowledge between the participants
暗示意义
the overall sense of unity, logic, and connectedness in a text or discourse, where the ideas, information, and elements are organized and presented in a clear and meaningful way
连贯性
the linguistic mechanisms used to create connections and coherence within a text by employing various cohesive devices and techniques
cohesion
a specific linguistic element or device that connects different parts of a text, contributing to the overall coherence and unity of the discourse
凝聚元素
a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite
委婉语
the deliberate use of ambiguous language or expressions to avoid making a clear or definite statement
模棱两可
(linguistics) the prelinguistic practice of expressing a whole idea in a single word
整体表达法
a word or phrase that is not formal or literary and is used in everyday conversations
口语
the humorous and incorrect use of a word that sounds similar to the intended word
俏皮话错误
a unit of speech or writing that is complete and coherent, usually consisting of one or more words and conveying a specific meaning or message
发声
(linguistics) the redundant use of words in a way that might be considered a fault of style, or to create an emphatic effect
冗言
(linguistics) the separation of parts of a compound word by insertion of one or more words, often in informal speech
分裂词
a question that is not meant to be answered, but is instead used to make a point or to create emphasis or effect
修辞性问题
a type of interrogative sentence that is asked not to obtain information but rather to make a statement or express an attitude
显示问题
a type of interrogative sentence that seeks specific information or references a particular entity, object, or concept
参照问题
the emphasis or prominence placed on a particular element or information in a sentence or discourse
焦点
a wordplay or joke that relies on the use of multiple languages, often involving the similarity or ambiguity of words or phrases in different languages to create humorous or clever effects
双语双关语
the verbal and non-verbal cues, such as nodding, "uh-huh," or other short responses, that listeners use to indicate their engagement and understanding during a conversation
后端通道
a word or expression that relies on the context of the utterance for its interpretation, particularly in terms of spatial, temporal, or personal reference
指示词
