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语言学 - 语用学和话语分析

在这里您将学习一些与语用学和语篇分析相关的英语单词,例如“对话”、“凝聚力”和“歧义”。

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Words Related to Linguistics
linguistic context

the surrounding linguistic elements that contribute to the interpretation and meaning of a specific expression or utterance

语言上下文, 周围的语言元素

语言上下文, 周围的语言元素

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"linguistic context" 的定义和意义
deixis

the phenomenon in language where the interpretation of certain words or expressions depends on the context of the speaker, listener, and the surrounding situation

指示词, 指示性

指示词, 指示性

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"deixis" 的定义和意义
person deixis

a type of deixis that involves the use of pronouns and verb forms to refer to the participants in a conversation

人称指示词, 人称指示

人称指示词, 人称指示

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"person deixis" 的定义和意义
spatial deixis

a type of deixis that involves the use of language to refer to spatial locations, such as indicating the direction, distance, or proximity of objects or places in relation to the speaker or the context of the conversation

空间指示词, 空间性指示

空间指示词, 空间性指示

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"spatial deixis" 的定义和意义
temporal deixis

a type of deixis that involves the use of language to refer to specific points in time, such as indicating the past, present, or future, or expressing temporal relations and sequencing of events

时间指示, 时间德克西斯

时间指示, 时间德克西斯

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"temporal deixis" 的定义和意义
direct speech

the representation of someone's words using quotation marks, presenting their exact utterances as they were spoken or written

直接引语, 直接讲话

直接引语, 直接讲话

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"direct speech" 的定义和意义
indirect speech

the representation of someone's words by reporting or paraphrasing their statements without using direct quotation marks

间接引语, 间接speech

间接引语, 间接speech

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"indirect speech" 的定义和意义
speech act

an utterance or expression that not only conveys meaning but also performs a particular function or action in communication, such as making a request, giving an order, or making a promise

言语行为, 话语行为

言语行为, 话语行为

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"speech act" 的定义和意义
reference

the act of referring to or indicating something or someone in language, where words or expressions are used to point to or denote specific entities, objects, or concepts

参考, 提及

参考, 提及

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"reference" 的定义和意义
face-threatening act

a communicative behavior or action that poses a risk to someone's positive face, their desired self-image or social identity, potentially leading to face loss or face-threatening situations.

威胁面子的行为, 对个人形象构成威胁的行为

威胁面子的行为, 对个人形象构成威胁的行为

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"face-threatening act" 的定义和意义
face-saving act

a communicative behavior or action that helps to protect or restore someone's positive face, their desired self-image or social identity, in order to avoid or mitigate face loss or face-threatening situations

挽救面子的行为, 保护面子的行动

挽救面子的行为, 保护面子的行动

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"face-saving act" 的定义和意义
expression

a word or phrase, often an idiomatic one

表达, 短语

表达, 短语

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"expression" 的定义和意义
caregiver speech

a speech style characterized by simplified language, exaggerated prosody, repetition, and high pitch, commonly used by caregivers when interacting with infants and young children

照顾者的讲话, 照顾者语言

照顾者的讲话, 照顾者语言

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"caregiver speech" 的定义和意义
connected speech

the natural flow of spoken language where words and sounds are connected together, often resulting in changes in pronunciation, elision of sounds, and modifications in speech patterns

连贯语音, 连接语音

连贯语音, 连接语音

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"connected speech" 的定义和意义
discourse marker

a linguistic element or phrase used in speech or writing to indicate the structure, organization, or relationship between different parts of a discourse, often serving to facilitate communication and signal the speaker's intentions or attitudes

话语标记, 话语标识

话语标记, 话语标识

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"discourse marker" 的定义和意义
framing

the cognitive and linguistic process of shaping and presenting information in a particular way to influence how people perceive and interpret it

框架, 构建

框架, 构建

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"framing" 的定义和意义
dialogue

a conversation or exchange of ideas between two or more individuals, typically characterized by turn-taking, interactive communication, and mutual understanding

对话, 谈话

对话, 谈话

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"dialogue" 的定义和意义
discourse

the use of language in a larger context, including conversations, written texts, and social interactions, where meaning is constructed and communicated through the organization and flow of language

话语, 讨论

话语, 讨论

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"discourse" 的定义和意义
intertextuality

the interconnectedness and referencing of texts, where one text refers to or influences another, creating layers of meaning and a complex web of relationships between texts

文本互涉性

文本互涉性

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"intertextuality" 的定义和意义
text

anything that is in written form

文本, 书写

文本, 书写

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"text" 的定义和意义
pejorative

language, words, or expressions that convey a negative or derogatory connotation and are intended to belittle, criticize, or insult someone or something

贬义词, 贬损词

贬义词, 贬损词

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"pejorative" 的定义和意义
turn-taking

the process by which participants in a conversation alternate speaking and listening, following certain rules and cues to facilitate smooth and coherent communication

轮流发言, 轮流交谈

轮流发言, 轮流交谈

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"turn-taking" 的定义和意义
hedge

a linguistic device used to express uncertainty or vagueness, often through words or phrases that indicate a lack of commitment or certainty in one's statement

边界, 遮蔽

边界, 遮蔽

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"hedge" 的定义和意义
implicature

the meaning that is inferred or implied by a speaker in a conversation, beyond the literal or explicit meaning of the words used, relying on context and shared knowledge between the participants

暗示意义, 隐含意义

暗示意义, 隐含意义

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"implicature" 的定义和意义
coherence

the overall sense of unity, logic, and connectedness in a text or discourse, where the ideas, information, and elements are organized and presented in a clear and meaningful way

连贯性, 一致性

连贯性, 一致性

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"coherence" 的定义和意义
cohesion

the linguistic mechanisms used to create connections and coherence within a text by employing various cohesive devices and techniques

 cohesion ,  文本的连贯性

cohesion , 文本的连贯性

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"cohesion" 的定义和意义
cohesion tie

a specific linguistic element or device that connects different parts of a text, contributing to the overall coherence and unity of the discourse

凝聚元素, 凝聚联系

凝聚元素, 凝聚联系

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"cohesion tie" 的定义和意义
circumlocution

the use of an indirect expression to describe something

绕圈子的话

绕圈子的话

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"circumlocution" 的定义和意义
euphemism

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

委婉语

委婉语

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"euphemism" 的定义和意义
equivocation

the deliberate use of ambiguous language or expressions to avoid making a clear or definite statement

模棱两可, 含糊其辞

模棱两可, 含糊其辞

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"equivocation" 的定义和意义
holophrasis

(linguistics) the prelinguistic practice of expressing a whole idea in a single word

整体表达法, 整体表达词

整体表达法, 整体表达词

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"holophrasis" 的定义和意义
colloquialism

a word or phrase that is not formal or literary and is used in everyday conversations

口语

口语

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"colloquialism" 的定义和意义
malapropism

the humorous and incorrect use of a word that sounds similar to the intended word

俏皮话错误, 错用

俏皮话错误, 错用

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"malapropism" 的定义和意义
utterance

a unit of speech or writing that is complete and coherent, usually consisting of one or more words and conveying a specific meaning or message

发声, 表达

发声, 表达

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"utterance" 的定义和意义
pleonasm

(linguistics) the redundant use of words in a way that might be considered a fault of style, or to create an emphatic effect

冗言

冗言

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"pleonasm" 的定义和意义
tmesis

(linguistics) the separation of parts of a compound word by insertion of one or more words, often in informal speech

分裂词

分裂词

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"tmesis" 的定义和意义
rhetorical question

a question that is not meant to be answered, but is instead used to make a point or to create emphasis or effect

修辞性问题, 反问

修辞性问题, 反问

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"rhetorical question" 的定义和意义
display question

a type of interrogative sentence that is asked not to obtain information but rather to make a statement or express an attitude

显示问题, 展现问题

显示问题, 展现问题

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"display question" 的定义和意义
referential question

a type of interrogative sentence that seeks specific information or references a particular entity, object, or concept

参照问题, 引用问题

参照问题, 引用问题

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"referential question" 的定义和意义
focus

the emphasis or prominence placed on a particular element or information in a sentence or discourse

焦点, 重点

焦点, 重点

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"focus" 的定义和意义
bilingual pun

a wordplay or joke that relies on the use of multiple languages, often involving the similarity or ambiguity of words or phrases in different languages to create humorous or clever effects

双语双关语, 双语俏皮话

双语双关语, 双语俏皮话

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"bilingual pun" 的定义和意义
backchannel

the verbal and non-verbal cues, such as nodding, "uh-huh," or other short responses, that listeners use to indicate their engagement and understanding during a conversation

后端通道, 参与信号

后端通道, 参与信号

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"backchannel" 的定义和意义
proverb

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

谚语

谚语

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"proverb" 的定义和意义
deictic

a word or expression that relies on the context of the utterance for its interpretation, particularly in terms of spatial, temporal, or personal reference

指示词, 指示词(名词)

指示词, 指示词(名词)

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"deictic" 的定义和意义
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