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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Natural Phenomena and Environment

Here you will learn some English words about natural phenomena and environment, such as "dew", "gust", "eye", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to drizzle

to rain lightly in fine, small drops

Ex: The rain drizzled softly on the pavement, creating a misty atmosphere. 
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to inundate

to cover a stretch of land with a lot of water

Ex: Heavy rains can inundate the riverbanks, causing widespread flooding in the area. 
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anticyclone

a weather phenomenon with an extensive circulation of winds around a central region of high barometric pressure that is connected with calm and fine weather

Ex: The anticyclone settled over the region, bringing clear skies and warm temperatures for the weekend. 
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archipelago

a large collection of islands or the sea surrounding them

Ex: The Philippines is an archipelago with over 7,000 islands. 
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aerosol
aerosol
[noun]

a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas

Ex: Volcanic eruptions can release aerosols into the atmosphere. 
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deluge
deluge
[noun]

the overflow of normally dry land by rising water

Ex: The river burst its banks, causing a deluge across the valley. 
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dew
dew
[noun]

the tiny water drops that form on cool surfaces during the night, caused by condensation

Ex: The morning dew glistened on the grass, sparkling like diamonds in the early sunlight. 
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flurry
flurry
[noun]

a small amount of rain, snow, etc. that moves in a quick and stormy way and lasts only for a short period of time

Ex: A sudden flurry of snow covered the ground in minutes. 
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gust
gust
[noun]

a drastic and sudden rush of wind

Ex: A sudden gust of wind rattled the windows, causing the curtains to billow into the room. 
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icicle
icicle
[noun]

a long pointed piece of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water from a surface such as a roof

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cirrus
cirrus
[noun]

a type of light cloud that looks wispy formed at high altitudes

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nimbus
nimbus
[noun]

a type of cloud that is dark, grey, and large, often producing rain or snow

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precipitation

water in forms such as rain, snow, hail, or sleet that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface

Ex: The weather forecast predicts heavy precipitation tomorrow. 
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thaw
thaw
[noun]

a period during which the weather becomes warmer causing snow and ice to melt

Ex: The thaw came early this year, melting the snow quickly. 
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biohazard
biohazard
[noun]

a risk to human health or to the environment caused by a biological source, especially microorganisms

Ex: The research facility was shut down after an accidental release of a biohazard, posing a serious risk to public health. 
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cataclysm
cataclysm
[noun]

a sudden, violent natural disaster that drastically alters the earth's landscape

Ex: The 2004 Indonesian earthquake and tsunami caused a massive cataclysm that claimed over 200,000 lives. 
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contamination

the act or process of making a substance or place dirty or polluted, especially by dangerous substances

Ex: Water contamination poses serious health risks. 
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effluent
effluent
[noun]

liquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea

Ex: The factory was fined for discharging untreated effluent directly into the river, harming aquatic life and polluting the water. 
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epicenter
epicenter
[noun]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

Ex: The epicenter of the earthquake was located just outside the city, causing widespread damage to buildings and infrastructure. 
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eye
eye
[noun]

the calm area at the center of a storm, hurricane, or tornado

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cascade
cascade
[noun]

a small steep waterfall, usually one of several others

Ex: The hikers stopped to admire the beautiful cascade in the forest. 
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dike
dike
[noun]

a wall built in order to stop water, especially from the sea, from entering an area

Ex: The villagers relied on the dike to protect their homes from the rising sea levels. 
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esplanade
esplanade
[noun]

a level path, typically beside the sea or a river, that is wide and open where people may walk by for pleasure

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estuary
estuary
[noun]

the part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea

Ex: The estuary teemed with marine life, providing a vital habitat for many species. 
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gorge
gorge
[noun]

a steep-sided valley, often with a stream running through it

Ex: The hikers explored a gorge carved by the river. 
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isthmus
isthmus
[noun]

a narrow piece of land with water on each side that connects two larger areas

Ex: The Isthmus of Panama serves as a crucial land bridge connecting North and South America, facilitating the exchange of flora and fauna between the continents. 
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levee
levee
[noun]

a structure built along a riverbank to serve as a landing place for boats or ships

Ex: The steamboat docked at the levee just before sunset. 
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meridian
meridian
[noun]

one of the imaginary lines between the North Pole and the South Pole, drawn on maps to help pinpoint a location

Ex: The Prime Meridian, located at Greenwich, England, serves as the reference point for measuring longitude around the globe. 
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morass
morass
[noun]

a muddy and wet piece of land in which it is possible to get stuck

Ex: The hikers struggled to cross the morass, sinking into the mud with each step. 
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plateau
plateau
[noun]

an area of land that is flat and higher than the land surrounding it

Ex: The Colorado Plateau is known for its stunning landscapes, including deep canyons and colorful rock formations. 
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prairie
prairie
[noun]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

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promontory

a raised narrow mass of land that sticks out into the sea

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tor
tor
[noun]

a small rocky hill

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tremor
tremor
[noun]

a small or slight earthquake

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zenith
zenith
[noun]

the highest point that a certain celestial body reaches, directly above an observer

Ex: At noon, the sun reached its zenith, directly overhead. 
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crepuscular
crepuscular
[Adjective]

relating to or resembling twilight

Ex: The crepuscular glow of the sky painted the landscape with soft pastel hues. 
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geothermal
geothermal
[Adjective]

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

Ex: Geothermal energy is harnessed by tapping into hot underground reservoirs to generate electricity. 
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seismic
seismic
[Adjective]

related to or caused by an earthquake

Ex: Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth's crust during an earthquake. 
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tectonic
tectonic
[Adjective]

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

Ex: Tectonic activity along fault lines can result in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 
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