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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Natural Phenomena and Environment

Here you will learn some English words about natural phenomena and environment, such as "dew", "gust", "eye", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to drizzle

to rain lightly in fine, small drops

Ex: The rain continued to drizzle throughout the afternoon , keeping everyone indoors .
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to inundate

to cover a stretch of land with a lot of water

Ex: The storm surge threatened to inundate the coastal towns , prompting evacuation orders .
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anticyclone

a weather phenomenon with an extensive circulation of winds around a central region of high barometric pressure that is connected with calm and fine weather

Ex: Residents took advantage of the calm weather brought by the anticyclone to enjoy outdoor activities like picnics and hiking in the mountains .
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archipelago

a large collection of islands or the sea surrounding them

Ex: Travelers often explore the Greek archipelago for its beautiful islands .
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aerosol
aerosol
[noun]

a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas

Ex: Aerosols from industrial emissions can travel long distances .
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deluge
deluge
[noun]

the overflow of normally dry land by rising water

Ex: Satellite images showed the extent of the deluge across the floodplain .
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dew
dew
[noun]

the tiny water drops that form on cool surfaces during the night, caused by condensation

Ex: In the early morning light , dew glistened like diamonds on the grass , adding a magical quality to the landscape .
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flurry
flurry
[noun]

a small amount of rain, snow, etc. that moves in a quick and stormy way and lasts only for a short period of time

Ex: A brief flurry of snow made the roads slippery .
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gust
gust
[noun]

a drastic and sudden rush of wind

Ex: With each gust, the autumn leaves danced and twirled in a colorful whirlwind before settling back to the ground .
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icicle
icicle
[noun]

a long pointed piece of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water from a surface such as a roof

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cirrus
cirrus
[noun]

a type of light cloud that looks wispy formed at high altitudes

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nimbus
nimbus
[noun]

a type of cloud that is dark, grey, and large, often producing rain or snow

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precipitation

water in forms such as rain, snow, hail, or sleet that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface

Ex: Fog is a form of light precipitation in coastal areas .
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thaw
thaw
[noun]

a period during which the weather becomes warmer causing snow and ice to melt

Ex: After a long winter , the spring thaw revealed the first signs of green .
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biohazard
biohazard
[noun]

a risk to human health or to the environment caused by a biological source, especially microorganisms

Ex: Biohazard warning signs were posted around the contaminated area to alert people of the potential danger from biological sources .
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cataclysm
cataclysm
[noun]

a sudden, violent natural disaster that drastically alters the earth's landscape

Ex: Landslides and rock avalanches are examples of relatively common terrestrial cataclysms that can develop with little warning .
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contamination

the act or process of making a substance or place dirty or polluted, especially by dangerous substances

Ex: Chemical contamination harmed marine life .
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effluent
effluent
[noun]

liquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea

Ex: The effluent from agricultural fields , rich in fertilizers and pesticides , often finds its way into nearby streams , causing pollution and ecosystem imbalances .
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epicenter
epicenter
[noun]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

Ex: During the pandemic , the city became the epicenter of the outbreak , with hospitals struggling to manage the influx of patients .
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eye
eye
[noun]

the calm area at the center of a storm, hurricane, or tornado

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cascade
cascade
[noun]

a small steep waterfall, usually one of several others

Ex: The guidebook highlighted a famous cascade as a must-see attraction .
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dike
dike
[noun]

a wall built in order to stop water, especially from the sea, from entering an area

Ex: Workers hurried to repair the damaged dike before the next high tide arrived .
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esplanade
esplanade
[noun]

a level path, typically beside the sea or a river, that is wide and open where people may walk by for pleasure

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estuary
estuary
[noun]

the part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea

Ex: Environmentalists work to protect estuaries from pollution and habitat destruction .
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gorge
gorge
[noun]

a steep-sided valley, often with a stream running through it

Ex: Birds nested in the rocky walls of the gorge.
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isthmus
isthmus
[noun]

a narrow piece of land with water on each side that connects two larger areas

Ex: The narrow isthmus between the Mediterranean and Red Seas has long been a focal point of maritime commerce , influencing the development of civilizations in the region .
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levee
levee
[noun]

a structure built along a riverbank to serve as a landing place for boats or ships

Ex: Cargo was unloaded directly onto the levee for transport inland .
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meridian
meridian
[noun]

one of the imaginary lines between the North Pole and the South Pole, drawn on maps to help pinpoint a location

Ex: Geographers study meridians to analyze spatial relationships and understand how human activities are distributed across different regions of the world .
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morass
morass
[noun]

a muddy and wet piece of land in which it is possible to get stuck

Ex: The morass was home to unique plant species that thrived in the wet , boggy conditions .
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plateau
plateau
[noun]

an area of land that is flat and higher than the land surrounding it

Ex: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau , often called the " Roof of the World , " is the highest and largest plateau in the world .
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prairie
prairie
[noun]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

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promontory

a raised narrow mass of land that sticks out into the sea

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tor
tor
[noun]

a small rocky hill

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tremor
tremor
[noun]

a small or slight earthquake

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zenith
zenith
[noun]

the highest point that a certain celestial body reaches, directly above an observer

Ex: The telescope was adjusted to track the planets as they approached their zenith.
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crepuscular
crepuscular
[Adjective]

relating to or resembling twilight

Ex: The forest took on a crepuscular atmosphere as the sun dipped below the horizon .
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geothermal
geothermal
[Adjective]

connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth

Ex: Geothermal hotspots , like Iceland and New Zealand , are areas where the Earth 's heat is particularly accessible .
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seismic
seismic
[Adjective]

related to or caused by an earthquake

Ex: The seismic data collected by researchers provides valuable insights into the Earth 's interior structure .
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tectonic
tectonic
[Adjective]

relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust

Ex: Tectonic movements can lead to the formation of mineral deposits and geological formations.
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